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SOIL SURVEY OF 


Monroe County, Tennessee 


United States Department of Agriculture 
Soil Conservation Service and Forest Service 
in cooperation with 

University of Tennessee 

Agricultural Experiment Station 


This is a publication of the National Cooperative Soil Survey, a joint effort of the United States 
Department of Agriculture and agencies of the States, usually the Agricultural Experiment Stations. 
In some surveys, other Federal and local agencies also contribute. The Soil Conservation Service has 
leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey. In line with Department of 
Agriculture policies, benefits of this program are available to all regardless of race, color, national origin, 
sex, religion, marital status, or age. 

Major fieldwork for this survey was completed in the period 1967-73. Soil names and descriptions were 


approved in 1974. Unless otherwise indicated, statements in the publication refer to conditions in the 
county in 1973. This survey was made cooperatively by the Soil Conservation Service and the Forest 
Service in cooperation with the University of Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station. It is part of the 
technical assistance furnished to the Monroe County Soil Conservation District. 

Soil maps in this survey may be copied without permission, but any enlargement of these maps could 
cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and result in erroneous interpretations. Enlarged maps 


do not show small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a larger mapping scale. 


HOW TO USE THIS SOIL SURVEY 


HIS SOIL SURVEY contains information 

that can be applied in managing farms and 
woodlands; in selecting sites for roads, ponds, 
buildings, and other structures; and in judging 
the suitability of tracts of land for farming, 
industry, and recreation. 


Locating Soils 


All of the soils of Monroe County are shown 
on the detailed map at the back of this publica- 
tion. This map consists of many sheets made 
from aerial photographs. Each sheet is num- 
bered to correspond with a number on the 
Index to Map Sheets. 

On each sheet of the detailed map, soil areas 
are outlined and are identified by symbols. All 
areas marked with the same symbol are the 
same kind of soil. The soil symbol is inside the 
areas if there is enough room; otherwise, it is 
outside and 8 pointer shows where the symbol 
belongs. 


Finding and Using Information 


The "Index to Mapping Units" on page ii 
lists all of the soils in the county by map sym- 
bol and shows the page where each soil is de- 
scribed. The capability unit and woodland 
group to which each soil has been assigned are 
specified at the end of the soil description. 

Individual colored maps showing the relative 
suitability or degree of limitation of soils for 
many specifie purposes can be developed by 
using the soil map and the information in the 


text. Translucent material can be used as an 
overlay over the soil map and colored to show 
soils that have the same limitation or suit- 
ability. For example, soils that have a slight 
limitation for a given use can be colored green, 
those with a moderate limitation can be col- 
ored yellow, and those with a severe limitation 
can be colored red. 

Farmers and those who work with farmers 
can learn about use and management of the 
soils from the soil descriptions. 

Foresters and others can refer to the section 
“Woodland,” where the soils of the county are 
grouped according to their suitability for trees. 

Game managers, sportsmen, and others can 
find information about soils and wildlife in the 
section “Wildlife.” 

Community planners and others can read 
about soil properties that affect the choice of 
sites for recreation areas in the section ‘Re- 
creation.” 

Engineers and builders can find, under “En- 
gineering,” tables that estimate soil properties 
and information about soil features that affect 
engineering practices. 

Scientists and others can read about how the 
soils formed and how they are classified in the 
section “Formation and Classification of Soils.” 

Newcomers in Monroe County may be espe- 
cially interested in the section “General Soil 
Map,” where broad patterns of soils are de- 
scribed. They may also be interested in the 
information about the county given in the sec- 
tion “General Nature of the County.” 


Cover: Tall fescue pasture in Monroe County, Emory silt 


loam is in the foreground. Talbott silt loam is on the 


adjacent slopes. 


Index to mapping units 
Summary of tables _.......... 
General nature of the county 


How this survey was made . 
General soil map 


Markets and industries .... 
Farming -... 
Climate ...... 


1. Fullerton-Minvale-Greendale association a 

2. Decatur-Dewey-Emory association . 

9. Litz-Sequoia association .... `. _ 

4. Talbott-Gladeville association ..... 

5. Tellico-Alcoa-Neubert association 

6. Dunmore-Dewey association —..... 

7. Dandridge association —....... - 
8. Statler-Staser-Transylvania association —_.. 

9. Calvin association s. 

10 ። 

11 

12 

13 


. Wallen-Jefferson-Ramsey association 
Ranger-Citico-Fletcher association -.... 
Sylco-Citico-Brookshire association _...- 

. Ditney-Brookshire-Jeffrey association .. 

Descriptions of the soils .......................,.-..---..››.- = 

Alcoa series -............. 

Allegheny series 

Allen series .-.--.-- 

Altavista series - 

Atkins series .. 

Beason series .. 

Bland series .... 

Brookshire series . 

Calvin series ...... 


Citico series _____.. = 
Dandridge series = 
Decatur series ... 
Dewey series ..... 
Ditney series .. 
Dunmore series . 
Dunning Series P 
Emory series ...... oy 
Etowah series .. 
Farragut series . E 
Fletcher series ... 
Fullerton series . 
Gladeville series _ 
Greendale series ... 
Hamblen series .... 
Hartsells series . 
Holston series .... 
Jefferson series ... 


Contents 


"Talbott series 


Use and management of the soils cag 


References 
Glossary 


Jeffrey series .... 
Leadvale series 
Linker series -.. 
Litz series ....... 
Lobdell series .. 

Minvale series .... 
Montevallo series 
Neubert series ..... 
Newark series . 
Philo series -- 
Pope series .-.-- 
Purdy series . 


Ranger series .. 
Sequatchie series 


Statler series .... 
Steekee series s 
Syleo series . 


Tellico series. ........ 
Transylvania series . 
Unicoi series... 
Wallen series -...... 
Waynesboro series 
Whitwell series `. — 


General principles of soil management - 
Capability grouping . 
Estimated yields .. 
Woodland ... 
Wildlife _..... 


Engineering classification systems .... 

Soil properties significant in engineering 

Engineering interpretations .... 
Recreation 


Formation and classification of soils ...... ር ---------- 


Factors of soil formation ..........--.--- 
Climate s 
Plant and animal life 
Parent material ..... 
Relief _.._.. 
Time 

Classification of the soils 


Issued October 1981 


፲1 


Index to Mapping Units 


AaB—Alcoa loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes —.-....-.... 
AaC—Alcoa loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes .... , 
AaD—Alcoa loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes 
AcC3—Alcoa clay loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes, 
severely eroded --.... ንቱ ---------፦------- 
AcD3—Alcoa clay loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes, 
severely eroded me 
Ag—Allegheny loam en 
AnC—Allen loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes .... 
AnD—Allen loam, 12 to 25 percent slopes -- 
As—Altavista silt loam -.....-.-.. 
At--Atkins silt loam ..- 
Ba—Beason silt loam ... 
BdD—Bland silt loam, 
BdE—Bland silt loam, 25 to 50 percent slopes - 
BnE-—Bland-Rock outcrop complex, 

25 to 50 percent slopes en 
BrE—Brookshire loam, 20 to 40 percent slopes " 
CaD— Calvin silt loam, 5 to 20 percent slopes ... 
CaE-— Calvin silt loam, 20 to 40 percent slopes ......... 
CeF—Cataska-Rock outcrop complex, 

35 to 75 percent slopes sss 
Cg—Chagrin silt loam a 
ChC—Christian loam, 3 to 12 percent slopes . z 
ChD—Christian loam, 12 to 25 percent slopes ---------- 
CnD3—Christian clay loam, 12 to 25 percent 

slopes, severely eroded 
CtE—Citico channery silt loam, 20 to 40 

percent slopes _.. 
DaD-—Dandridge shaly silty clay loam, 

8 to 20 percent slopes css 
DaE—Dandridge shaly silty clay loam, 

20 to 85 percent slopes En 
DaF—Dandridge shaly silty clay loam, 

85 to 60 percent slopes ees 
DceB—Decatur silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes . 
DceC—Decatur silt loam, 8 to 12 percent slopes .......... 
DcD2—Decatur silt loam, 12 to 20 percent 

slopes, eroded cess 
DdC3—Decatur silty clay loam, 5 to 12 percent 

slopes, severely eroded .... U I U -mannna 
DdD3—Decatur silty clay loam, 12 to 20 

percent slopes, severely eroded ፡.... ቱሩ --- ሩ-------------- 
DeB—Dewey silt loam, 2 to b percent slopes .. 
DeC—Dewey silt loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes 
DeD2—Dewey silt loam, 12 to 20 percent 

slopes,eroded . S LS LS ces 
DgC8—Dewey silty clay loam, 5 to 12 percent 

slopes, severely eroded .... ፉሩ ሩሩ ሩሩ ራራ 
DgD3—Dewey silty clay loam, 12 to 20 percent 

slopes, severely eroded |... ee 
DhD—Ditney loam, 12 to 25 percent slopes - 
DhF—Ditney loam, 25 to 60 percent slopes ...... 
DmB—Dunwmore silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes -....... 
DmC—Dunmore silt loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes _.... 
DmD2—Dunmore silt loam, 12 to 20 percent 

slopes, eroded " 
DmE2—Dunmore silt loam, 20 to 35 

slopes, eroded bs 
DnC3—Dunmore silty clay loam, 

slopes, severely eroded s. 
DnD3—Dunmore silty clay loam, 12 to 20 percent 

slopes, severely eroded SR 
Du—Dunning silty clay loam 
Em—Emory silt loam uo oe ሠ ሠ 
EtB—Etowah silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes -- 
EtC—Etowah silt loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes _ 
EtD—Etowah silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes 
FaC2—Farragut silt loam, 5 to 12 percent 

slopes, eroded ....... UU U u uu uuu eu 
FgD3—Farragut silty clay, 12 to 20 percent 

slopes, severely eroded .. .. ራሥ ሼፉ ራሩ ራሩ“ --- 
FhC—Fletcher silt loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes........ 
FhD—Fletcher silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes........ 


= 


12 percent 


FtC—Fullerton cherty silt loam, 

5 to 12 percent slopes n 
FtD—Fullerton cherty silt loam, 

12 to 20 percent slopes -... U U |... u... 
FtE— Fullerton cherty silt loam, 

20 to 40 percent slopes ---—------------—----—-----------—-----—- 
GdD—Gladeville-Rock outcrop complex, 

B to 25 percent slopes --... J... 
Gr—Greendale silt loam ... : 
Ha—Hamblen silt loam ..... ` 
HeC—Hartsells fine sandy loam, 

5 to 15 percent slopes su 
HoC—Holston loam, 9 to 12 percent slopes በ -------- 
JeC—Jefferson fine sandy loam, 

8 to 12 percent slopes een 
JeD—Jefferson fine sandy loam, 

12 to 25 percent slopes En 
JeE—Jefferson fine sandy loam, 

28 to 50 percent slopes ss 
JfD—Jefferson cobbly fine sandy loam, 

12 to 25 percent slopes -......-..------------------___---- 
JfE—Jefferson cobbly fine sandy loam, 

25 to 50 percent slopes .......... 
JyD—Jeffrey cobbly loam, 

12 to 25 percent slopes -..... l l 
JyF—Jeffrey cobbly loam, 

25 to 60 percent slopes ss 
LeB-—Leadvale silt loam, 

2 to 5 percent slopes 
LkC—Linker loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes 
LtC—Litz shaly silt loam, 

8 to 12 percent slopes EE 
LtD--Litz shaly silt loam, 

12 to 20 percent slopes s 
LtD8—Litz shaly silt loam, 12 to 20 percent 

slopes, severely eroded ራራ ራራ ee 
LtE—Litz shaly silt loam, 

20 to 35 percent slopes ..... ጉ--ሩ- ሩ-------------- 
LY—Litz and Sequoia soils, gullied — 
Lz—Lobdell silt loam ul 
MnB—Minvale silt loam, 

2 to 5 percent slopes sess 
MnC—Minvale silt loam, 

5 to 12 percent slopes sss 
MtE—Montevallo shaly silt loam, 

12 to 30 percent slopes —W... ተራ ተዓ ፡  - ፡--። 

Ne—Neubert loam ............. 
Nk—Newark silt loam 
Ph—Philo silt loam ... 
Po—Pope loam 
Pu—Purdy silt loam es 
RaF—Ramsey-Rock outcrop complex, 

20 to 70 percent slopes cl 
RgD—Ranger channery silt loam, 

12 to 25 percent slopes 


RgF—Ranger channery silt loam, 


25 to 60 percent slopes 
Sa—Sequatchie loam ... | 
SeB-—-Sequoia silt loam, 

2 to 5 percent slopes l 
SeC2—Sequoia silt loam, 

5 to 12 percent slopes, eroded 
SeD2—Sequoia silt loam, 

12 to 20 percent slopes, eroded 
SgC3—Sequoia silty clay, 

5 to 12 percent slopes, severely eroded 
SgD3—Sequoia silty clay, 

12 to 20 percent slopes, severely eroded ._............ 
ShC—Shelocta silt loam, 

3 to 12 percent slopes . es hl 
ShD-—Shelocta silt loam, 

12 to 25 percent slopes En 
SnD—Shouns silt loam, 

12 to 25 percent slopes su. 


Page 


SpF—Spivey cobbly loam, 
20 to 60 percent slopes sss 

Ss—Staser loam .... 228 
St—8Statler loam . === 
SvF—Steekee loam, 20 to 60 percent slopes --.---.----- 
SyF—Syleo channery silt loam, 

25 to 65 percent slopes En 
TaC2—Talbott silt loam, 

5 to 12 percent slopes, eroded |... 
TaD2—Talbott silt loam, 

12 to 20 percent slopes, eroded -_..-....-...-...-------- 
TbC8—Talbott clay, 

5 to 12 percent slopes, severely eroded _............ 
TbD3—Talbott clay, 12 to 20 

percent slopes, severely eroded -..-....... .... . | 
TcD—Talbott-Rock outcrop complex, . 

5 to 20 percent slopes |... | SS 
TcE-—Talbott-Rock outerop complex, 

20 to 40 percent slopes ....... I ው 
TeD—Tellico loam, 

12 to 20 percent slopes .. peat e BROS cee IR 
TeE—Tellico loam, 

20 to 35 percent slopes .......... su 


TeF—Tellico loam, 

35 to 60 percent slopes .... uii Aie e 
ToD3—Tellico clay loam, 12 ‘to 20 

percent slopes, severely eroded |... 
ToE3—tTellico clay loam, 20 to 85 

percent slopes, severely eroded _.... 
TS—Tellico and Dewey soils, gullied . " 
Ty—Transylvania loam s 
UcF—Unicoi cobbly loam, 

80 to 65 percent slopes cl 
WaF—Wallen gravelly fine sandy loam, 

20 to 60 percent slopes ... U l Ls 
WbB—Waynesboro loam, 

2 to 5 percent slopes U ++ ተ ተሩ eee 
WbC—Waynesboro loam, 

6 to 12 percent slopes l 
WbD—Waynesboro loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes. ... 
WbE—Waynesboro loam, 20 to 35 percent slopes.. ..- 
WnC3—-Waynesboro clay loam, 5 to 12 

percent slopes, severely eroded |... 
WnD3—Waynesboro clay loam, 12 to 20 

percent slopes, severely eroded ...... 
Wt—Whitwell loam ..... n-ne ተ nena 


Summary of Tables 


Page 
General Nature of the County 
Rainfall data at four stations in Monroe 
County, Tennessee (Table 1) ብዜ 2 
Temperature data (Table 2) |... 2 ተ ተ መ is 2 
Probabilities of last freezing temperatures in spring 
and first in fall (Table äi. 8 
Descriptions of the Soils 
Approximate acreage and proportionate extent 
of the soils (Table 4) eee ` 14 
Use and Management of the Soils 
Estimated average acre yields of the principal crops under 
two levels of management (Table 5) .. ጨራ 64 
Potential woodland productivity and factors in 
management (Table 6) ___ nen 66 
Suitability of soils for elements of wildlife habitat 
and kinds of wildlife (Table 7) _— ሺ 76 
Estimated engineering properties of the soil (Table 8) .... ---------- = 80 
Interpretations of engineering properties (Table 9) ........ 88 
Limitations for recreational development (Table 10) 100 
Formation and Classification of Soils 
Soil series classified by higher categories (Table 11) .... 105 


61 


SOIL SURVEY OF MONROE COUNTY, TENNESSEE 


By Willam G. Hall and Bedford W. Jackson, Soil Conservation Service, and 
Theodore R. Love, Forest Service 


United States Department of Agriculure, Soil Conservation Service and 
Forest Service, in cooperation with University of Tennessee Agricultural 
Experiment Station 


ONROE COUNTY is in the southeastern part of 

Tennessee (see facing page). It is bordered by 
MeMinn and Loudon Counties on the west, by Polk 
and McMinn Counties on the south, and by North 
Carolina on the east. The Little Tennessee River and 
Loüdon County form the northern boundary. Madi- 
sonville, the county seat, is about 30 miles southwest 
of Maryville and 50 miles northeast of Cleveland. The 
total area is about 422,400 acres, or 660 square miles. 

"The eounty lies within the Great Valley of East 
Tennessee in the western part and the Unaka Moun- 
tains in the eastern part. The western part is an area 
of valleys and ridges. Long, high ridges separated by 
narrow valleys extend throughout the county in a 
southwest-northeast direction. Ridgetops are generally 
200 to 500 feet higher than the valleys. Elevations at 
the highest parts of the ridges range from 750 to 
1,250 feet above sea level. 

The eastern part of the county, which is in the 
Unaka Mountains, ranges from 1,000 to 5,000 feet in 
elevation. High narrow ridgecrests, steep side slopes, 
and narrow meandering drainageways characterize 
this area. The western part of the Unaka Mountains 
is less steep than the eastern part. Elevations range 
from 1,000 to 2,500 feet. 

The county is drained mainly by the Little Tennes- 
see River and its tributaries. Parts of Chilhowee Lake, 
Calderwood Lake, and the proposed Tellico Lake are 
in Monroe County on the Little Tennessee River. 


General Nature of the County 


Monroe County, named for President James Monroe, 
was formed from a part of North Carolina territory 
on November 13, 1819 (#).1 When released by North 
Carolina, it became known as Territory South of the 
Ohio. The Indians released the claimed territory in a 
treaty known as the Hiwassee Purchase. This purchase 
involved the area known as Monroe and McMinn Coun- 
ties. John C. Calhoun negotiated the treaty to form 
Monroe County. 

Early settlers came from the upper part of eastern 
Tennessee, North Carolina, Virginia, and Georgia. The 
town of Tellico was established in 1822 and shortly 


‘Italic numbers in parentheses refer to References, p. 105. 


thereafter became the county seat. The name was 
changed from Tellico to Madisonville in 1830. 

The early settlers first cleared the more nearly level 
areas of the valley, which were dominantly in hard- 
woods. Since then about half of the county has been 
cleared, but some has reverted to woodland. 

In 1970, according to the U.S. Bureau of Census, 
Monroe County had a population of 28,475. Sweet- 
water, the largest town, had a population of 4,340 and 
Madisonville à population of 2,614. The other two 
larger towns had a combined population of 1,300. 


Markets and Industries 


Sweetwater and Madisonville are the main trading 
centers in Monroe County. Other trading centers are 
Athens, Maryville, and Knoxville in nearby counties. 

Crops, livestock and livestock products, and nonfarm 
employment furnish a large part of the county in- 
come. Monroe County has a wide variety of industries 
that employ from 5 to more than 250 people. Garment 
factories in both of the larger towns are the only 
industries that employ as many as 250 people. There 
are 14 firms with more than 19 employees, and eight ` 
are either in the textile industry or the apparel indus- 
try. Most of the employees are women who are sup- 
plementing the family income. Other manufacturing 
firms providing a major source of employment are food 
processing and distribution, fabricated metal, furni- 
ture and fixtures, and lumber and wood products for 
housing. 

Two-thirds of the county is forested. Many people 
are employed by various companies that cut and saw 
lumber and construct homes. 

There is also a local livestock market and at least 
three meat processing plants in the county. 

Much of the local labor force is employed outside the 
county at the Atomic Energy Commission in Ander- 
son and Roane Counties, the Aluminum Company of 
America in Blount County, and various other indus- 
tries in Loudon and McMinn Counties. 


Farming 


About 40 percent of Monroe County is farms. In 
1969, according to the U.S. Bureau of Census, there 
were 1,553 farms. The average size is 109 acres. Most 


1 


2 SOIL SURVEY 


farms are less than 50 acres. About 94 percent of these 
farms were operated by owners, but only 65 percent 
of the farmers were classified as full time. 

The largest source of farm income is derived from 
livestock, which is mostly from the sale of beef cattle 
and dairy products. Tobaeco is the main cash crop. 
Corn, soybeans, and vegetables are also grown. Pasture 
and hay occupy the largest total acreage. The main 
pasture and hay plants are tall fescue, orchardgrass, 
lespedeza, white clover, and red clover. 


Climate 


Monroe County receives abundant annual rainfall. 
Winter is mild, and summer is warm. The climate is 
influenced mainly by cold air currents moving south 
from Canada and warm, moist air currents moving 
north from the Gulf of Mexico. These alternating cur- 
rents frequently bring sharp daily changes in weather 
and are mainly responsible for seasonal variations. 

Rainfall.—Table 1 presents data on rainfall from 
four stations in the county. As shown in this table, 
rainfall increases with increasing elevation. The Great 
Valley part of the county, represented by the stations 
at Riddles Store and McGhee, receives a little more 
than 50 inches of rainfall annually. The foothills of 
the mountains, represented by the station at Cockers 
Creek, receive 56 inches and the higher parts of the 
mountains, represented by the station at Stratton 
Meadows, receive about 78 inches. Thus, the rainfall 
at higher elevations is about 25 inches more annually 
than it is at lower elevations. 

The greatest amount of rain generally falls in winter 
and in spring. À secondary maximum occurs late in 
spring and early in summer as the result of thunder- 
storm activity. Rainfall generally is lightest late in 
summer and early in fall. In all seasons there are 
periods of dry weather and periods in which rainfall 
is plentiful. Periods of excessive rainfall also occur in 
all seasons. 


Temperature.—The temperature data in table 2 for 
Athens in McMinn County, which joins Monroe Coun- 
ty along the western boundary, are representative of 
the Great Valley part of Monroe County. Long periods 
of very hot or very cold weather are unusual. Occa- 
sional periods of mild temperatures occur almost every 
winter, and occasional periods of cool, dry weather 
break up stretches of hot humid weather in summer. 
The greatest change in the average daily maximum 
and minimum temperature is during October and No- 
vember, and again in February and March, when cold 
air moves south across the State. 

Temperatures in the mountains range from about 
2 degrees cooler in the lower parts to about 8 degrees 
id in the higher parts than those in the Great 
Valley. 


TABLE 2.—Temperature data, + 


[Athens Station, MeMinn County, Tenn., for the period 1962-73, 
elevation 940 feet. Data furnished by National Climatic 
Center, Asheville, N. C.] 


Temperature 
Month 
Average daily | Average daily Average 
maximum minimum 
°F °F °P 
47.6 24.2 35.5 
48.3 24.6 36.5 
59.8 34.6 47.2 
70.9 45.2 58.1 
78.7 52.1 65.5 
85.0 60.5 72.8 
87.0 63.8 75.4 
86.7 62.9 74.8 
82.3 57.5 69.9 
72.6 44.6 58.6 
59.7 34.0 47.3 
50.3 26.0 89.4 
69.1 44.9 57.0 


TABLE 1.—Rainfall data at four stations in Monroe County, Tenn. 
[Data furnished by John M. Soileau, Research Soil Scientist, Tennessee Valley Authority] 


Riddles Store! 


Month elevation 1,030 feet 


Inchea 

— 5.34 

5.83 

5.72 

4.14 

3.60 

3.74 

5.55 

3.60 

3.40 

2.87 

November.. 4.00 

December.. 4.99 
Year... 52.6 
Highest year. 67.5 
Lowest year....... 36.7 


McGhee? 
elevation 930 feet 
period of record 1939-73 | period of record 1905-73 | period of record 1934-73 | period of record 1935-73 


Stratton Meadows? 
elevation 4,640 feet 


Cockers Creek? 
elevation 1,650 feet 


Inchea Inches Inches 

§.22 5.69 7.92 
5.19 5.74 7.55 
5.61 6.24 7.94 
4,35 4.77 6.68 
3.88 4.12 5.48 
3.89 4.37 6.45 
5.06 5.67 ጸ.21 
9.82 4.57 6.11 
2.70 3.05 4.40 
2.64 2.86 4.05 
4,08 4.29 5.99 
4.42 4.85 6.77 

60.0 56.2 77.6 

70.7 72.7 114.7 

35.9 42.9 55.8 


መዱ ው መ ው .  — — n — n. N 


!Station is in valley part of county. 


*Station is in mountainous part of county. 


Monroe County, TENNESSEE 3 


The average dates of the last freezing temperature 
in spring and the first in fall at Athens is April 16 and 
October 23, respectively (see table 3). The average 
growing season is 188 days. 

Storms.—Severe storms are infrequent in Monroe 
County. The area is too far inland to experience dam- 
age from tropical storms. Hailstorms at a given locality 
occur about once or twice a year. Thunderstorms occur 
on about 56 days per year. Minor windstorms, often 
associated with thunderstorms, cause scattered local 
damage in the county a few times each year. 

Humidity, wind, and clouds.—The average annual 
humidity in the county is estimated to be about 70 per- 
cent. The relative annual humidity in the county is 
estimated to be about 70 percent. The relative humidity 
throughout the day generally varies inversely with the 
temperature and is, therefore, highest early in the 
morning and lowest early in the afternoon. There is 
also an annual variation in relative humidity; the aver- 
age daily variation is highest in winter and lowest in 
spring. 

The prevailing wind direction for each month of 
the year is from the south, and the average windspeed 
is about 7 miles per hour. The wind direction changes 
frequently. The average monthly windspeed ranges 
from about 5 miles per hour in August to about 8 miles 
per hour in February through April. Windspeeds are 
8 miles per hour or less about 14 percent of the time, 
4 to 12 miles per hour 60 percent, 13 to 24 miles per 
hour 25 percent, and 25 miles per hour or higher about 
1 percent. Winds are usually lightest during early 
morning hours and strongest early in the afternoon. 

Cloud cover is less than 0.6 on the average ከ6- 
tween sunrise and sunset. Cloud cover ranges from 
about 0.7 in January to about 0.5 in October. As a 
result, sunshine is abundant, especially during the 
growing season when it averages slightly more than 
60 percent of the total amount possible. 


How This Survey Was Made 


Soil scientists made this survey to learn what kinds 
of soil are in Monroe County, where they are located, 


and how they can be used. The soil scientists went into 
the county knowing they likely would find many soils 
they had already seen and perhaps some they had not. 
They observed the steepness, length, and shape of 
slopes; the size and speed of streams; the kinds of 
native plants or crops; the kinds of rock; and many ' 
facts about the soils, They dug many holes to expose 
soil profiles. A profile is the sequence of natural layers, 
or horizons, in a soil; it extends from the surface down 
into the parent material that has not been changed 
much by leaching or by the action of plant roots. 

The soil scientists made comparisons among the 
profiles they studied, and they compared these profiles 
with those in counties nearby and in places more dis- 
tant. They classified and named the soils according to 
nationwide, uniform procedures. The soil series and the 
soil phase are the categories of soil classification most 
used in a local survey (7). : 

Soils that have profiles almost alike make up a soil 

series. Except for different texture in the surface 
layer, all the soils of one series have major horizons 
that are similar in thickness, arrangement, and other 
important characteristics. Each soil series is named 
for a town or other geographic feature near the place 
where a soil of that series was first observed and 
mapped. Decatur and Newark, for example, are the 
names of two soil series. All the soils in the United 
States having the same series name are essentially 
alike in those characteristics that affect their behavior 
in the undisturbed landscape. 
. Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface 
layer and in slope, stoniness, or some other character- 
istic that affects the use of the soils by man. On the 
basis of such differences, a soil series is divided into 
phases. The name of a soil phase indicates a feature 
that affects management. For example, Decatur silt 
loam, 8 to 12 percent slopes, is one of Several phases 
within the Decatur series. 

After & guide for classifying and naming the soils 
had been worked out, the soil scientists drew the boun- 
daries of the individual soils on aerial photographs. 
These photographs show woodlands, buildings, field 
borders, trees, and other details that help in drawing 


TABLE 3.—Probabilities of last freezing temperatures in spring and first in fall 
[Athens, McMinn County, Tenn. for the period 1962-73. Prepared by National Climatic Center, Asheville, N. C.] 


Probability 
16°F 
or lower 

a | ——————— 
Spring: 

1 year in 10 later than... .| March 16 

2 years in 10 later than. .| March 9 

5 years in 10 later than. .| February 25 


Fall: 
1 year in 10 earlier than... November 20 
2 years in 10 earlier than... .| November 28 
5 years in 10 earlier than. December 12 


Dates for given probability and temperature 


20° F 24° F 28° F 32° F 
or lower or lower or lower or lower 

March 30 April 7 April 14 May 2 
March 23 April 2 April 10 April 26 
March 10 arch 24 April 3 April 16 
November 8 October 30 October 21 October 9 
November 14 November 4 October 26 October 14 
November 27 November 15 November 3 October 23 


EE MF —— —  — —— RO 


4 SOIL SURVEY 


boundaries accurately. The soil map in the back of this 
publication was prepared from aerial photographs. 

The areas shown on a soil map are called mapping 
units. On most maps detailed enough to be useful in 
planning the management of the farms and fields, 8 

‘mapping unit is nearly equivalent to a soil phase. It 
is not exactly equivalent, because it is not practical to 
show on such a map all the small, scattered bits of soil 
of some kind that have been seen within an area that 
is dominantly of a recognized soil phase. 

Some mapping units are made up of soils of differ- 
ent series, or of different phases within one series. Two 
such kinds of mapping units are shown on the soil map 
of Monroe County: soil complexes and undifferentiated 
groups. 

A soil complex consists of areas of two or more soils, 
so intricately mixed or so small in size that they cannot 
be shown separately on the soil map. Each area of a 
complex contains some of each of the two or more 
dominant soils, and the pattern and relative propor- 
tions are about the same in all areas. Generally, the 
name of a soil complex consists of the names of the 
dominant soils, joined by a hyphen. Ramsey-Rock out- 
crop complex, 20 to 70 percent slopes, is an example. 

An undifferentiated group is made of two or more 
soils that could be delineated individually, but are 
shown as one unit because, for the purpose of the soil 
survey, there is little value in separating them. The 
pattern and proportion of soils are not uniform. An 
area shown on the map may be made up of only one 
of the dominant soils, or of two or more. An undiffer- 
entiated soil group in Monroe County is Tellico and 
Dewey soils, gullied. 

While a soil survey is in progress, samples of soils 
are taken as needed for laboratory measurements and 
for engineering tests. Existing ratings of suitabilities 
and limitations, or interpretations, of the soils are 
field tested and modified as necessary during the course 
of the survey, and new interpretations are added to 


meet local needs. This is done mainly through field ob-. 


servations of behavior of different kinds of soil for 
different uses under different levels of management. 
Also, data are assembled from other sources, such as 
test results, records, field experience, and other infor- 
mation available from State and local specialists. For 
example, data on yields of crops under defined prac- 
tices are assembled from farm records and from field 
or plot experiments on the same kinds of soil. 

But only part of a soil survey is done when the soils 
have been named, described, interpreted, and deline- 
ated on aerial photographs and when the laboratory 
data and other data have been assembled. The mass of 
detailed information then needs to be organized so to 
be readily useful to different groups of users, among 
them farmers, managers of woodland, engineers, plan- 
ners, developers and builders, homebuyers, and those 
seeking recreation. Presenting the detailed information 
in an organized, understandable manner is the purpose 
of this publication. 


General Soil Map 


The general soil map at the back of this survey 
shows, in color, the soil associations in Monroe County. 


A soil association is a landscape that has a distinctive 
proportional pattern of soils. It normally consists of 
one or more major 80113 and at least one minor soil, 
and it is named for the major soils. The soils in one 
association may occur in another, but in a different 
pattern. 

A map showing soil associations is useful to people 
who want a general idea of the soils in a county, who 
want to compare different parts of a county, or who 
want to know the location of large tracts that are suit- 
able for a certain kind of land use. Such a map is a 
useful general guide in managing a watershed, a 
wooded tract, or a wildlife area, or in planning en- 
gineering works, recreational facilities, and commu- 
nity developments. It is not a suitable map for planning 
the management of a farm or field or for selecting the 
exact location of a road, building, or similar structure 
because the soils in any one association ordinarily 
differ in slope, depth, stoniness, drainage, and other 
characteristics that affect their management. 

The thirteen soil associations in Monroe County are 
described on the pages that follow. 


1. Fullerton-Minvale-Greendale association 


Hilly and steep cherty soils, more than # feet deep over 
limestone, on high hills and deep, nearly level to rolling 
soils on foot slopes and bottom land 


This association is high, rounded hills that are dis- 
sected by numerous crooked drainageways. The drain- 
ageways, or hollows, are mainly narrow and V-shaped 
at the head, but widen into narrow strips of level 
bottom land as they approach large streams. The hill- 
tops vary in width from a few feet to about 200 feet. 
Side slopes are long and range from 12 to 30 percent. 

The association makes up about 6 percent of the 
county. It is about 70 percent Fullerton soils, 5 per- 
cent Minvale soils, 5 percent Greendale soils, and 20 
percent small tracts of Hamblen, Leadvale, and New- 
ark soils. 

The well drained Fullerton soils are on rolling hill- 
tops and hillsides. They have a brownish, friable, 
cherty loamy surface layer and a reddish, firm cherty 
subsoil that 18 loamy in the upper part and clayey in the 
lower part. 

The well drained Minvale soils are on foot slopes and 
benches. They have a brownish, friable silt loam sur- 
face layer and a brownish and reddish, friable subsoil 
that is loamy in the upper part and clayey in the lower 
part. 

The well drained Greendale soils occur as narrow 
strips of bottom land along drainageways and streams. 
They have a friable, brownish loamy surface layer 
and subsoil. 

The moderately well drained Leadvale soils have a 
fragipan. They are on foot slopes and at the heads of 
drainageways. The moderately well drained Hamblen 
soils and the somewhat poorly drained Newark soils 
are on narrow strips of bottom land. 

About 70 percent of this association is cleared. 
Wooded tracts are scattered throughout, but are most- 
ly on the steeper and more cherty slopes. Virginia pine 
and cutover hardwoods, mainly oak and hickory, are 
dominant. 


Monroe County, TENNESSEE 5 


Most farms average less than 200 acres in size. The 
main crops are hay and pasture plants, but corn, small 
grain, and tobacco are grown on small acreages. 
Cleared hillsides are used for pasture, mainly tall fes- 
cue. Corn, mainly for silage, and hay are grown on 
the more level foot slopes, hilltops, and along narrow 
strips of bottom land. Dairy farming and beef cattle 
are important enterprises on the larger farms. Tobacco 
is the main source of income on smaller farms. A small 
amount of timber is harvested on some farms. 

Farming is limited mainly by the steep slopes and 
the low natural fertility. The rolling to steep hillsides 
that are used for pasture need large amounts of lime 
and fertilizer to produce good yields. Small areas suit- 
able for cultivation are on hilltops and foot slopes and 
along narrow drainageways. Steep slopes also limit use 
of these soils for engineering. Deep cuts and fills are 
required in building highways. Where slopes are not 
too steep, most of the soils are suitable for homesites 
that require septic tanks. 

Wooded areas provide food and cover for wildlife, 
and the association is well suited to development for 
hunting areas, parks, and other recreational facilities. 
Because the association has only a few perennial 
streams, farm ponds furnish much of the water needed 
by livestock. To prevent excessive seepage, compaction 
or chemical treatment of the soil is commonly required 
for pond reservoirs. 


2. Decatur-Dewey-Emory association 


Undulating to hilly soils, more than 5 feet deep over 
limestone, on low rounded hills and deep, nearly level 
and undulating soils on bottom land 


This association is in limestone valleys. The soils 
formed in deep, noncherty residuum and old alluvium. 
The topography is dominantly undulating to hilly, but 
small areas along streams and limestone sinks and in 
depressions are nearly level. The shallow meandering 
drainageways frequently contain sinks, and a few of 
the streams are perennial. Slopes range from less than 
2 to 20 percent. 

The association makes up about 6 percent of the 
county. It is about 80 percent Decatur soils, 25 per- 
cent Dewey soils, 10 percent Emory soils, and 15 
percent Etowah, Chagrin, Hamblen, and Newark soils. 

The deep, well drained, productive Decatur and 
Dewey soils are on upland side slopes. They have a 
reddish clayey subsoil. The Decatur soils are darker in 
the lower part of the subsoil than the Dewey soils. 

The deep, well drained, productive Emory soils are 
in depressions and narrow strips along drainageways. 
They have a dark brownish and reddish, friable silt 
loam surface layer and subsoil. 

The well drained Etowah soils are on foot slopes 
and benches. The well drained Chagrin soils, the mod- 
erately well drained Hamblen soils, and the somewhat 
poorly drained Newark soils are in narrow strips along 
drainageways and streams. 

About 90 percent of this association is cleared. 
Wooded tracts are small and generally occupy the 
steeper slopes. Cutover hardwoods are dominant. Lob- 


lolly pine and Virginia pine are growing in some tracts. 
Tree growth is good on these soils. f 

Farms generally average about 200 acres in size. 
Some of the most productive farms in the county are 
in this association. Most of the acreage is in hay and 
pasture. Corn for silage, small grain, soybeans, truck 
erops, and tobacco are also grown. Dairy and beef 
cattle are the main livestock. Hogs are grown both for 
home consumption and market. The steeper upland 
soils are mainly used for hay and pasture, and the 
more level soils are used for cultivated crops. If mini- 
mum tillage cropping systems are used, row crops can 
be grown on some of the steeper slopes. These soils are 
suited to all the commonly grown grasses and legumes, 
such as orchardgrass, alfalfa, red clover, timothy, 
white clover, and tall fescue. Tobaeco is the main cash 
crop. 

Because most slopes are 1688 than 20 percent, there 
are few engineering problems. Most of the soils, except 
those subject to flooding, are suited to homesites that 
require septic tank field line systems. 

Where perennial streams do not exist, water for 
livestock 18 a problem. Underground caverns are scat- 
tered throughout the area, and farm ponds are difficult 
to seal to prevent excessive seepage. Careful selection 
of pond reservoir sites is important. 


3. Litz-Sequoia association 


Undulating to steep soils that have a loamy or clayey 
subsoil and are 2 to 315 feet deep over acid shale; on 
low rounded hills 


This association is underlain by acid shale that ex- 
tends in a narrow belt in a southwest-northeast direc- 
tion across the county. It is bounded on each side by 
dolomitic limestone that crops out in a few places. 
Low, rounded hills that have gently rolling tops and 
short, moderately steep side slopes are characteristic 
of this valley. Drainageways meander through the 
valley, and narrow strips of nearly level bottom land 
are along these streams. Slopes are mainly 2 to 20 
percent. 

The association makes up about 5 percent of the 
county. It is about 45 percent Litz soils, 40 percent 
Sequoia soils, and 15 percent small areas of Farragut, 
Leadvale, Beason, Chagrin, Hamblen, and Newark 
Soils. 

The well drained Litz soils are mainly on side slopes. 
They have a brownish, friable loamy surface layer 
and a brownish shaly loamy subsoil. Shale fragments 
are in the subsoil, and soft shale rock is at a depth of 
20 to 40 inches. 

The well drairied Sequoia soils are mostly on broad, 
gently rolling ridgetops. They have a brownish, friable 


. loamy surface layer and a reddish clayey subsoil. Soft 


shale bedrock is at a depth of 20 to 40 inches. 

The well drained Farragut soils are mainly on gently 
rolling hilltops. The moderately well drained Leadvale 
soils are on foot slopes and at the heads of drainage- 
ways. Small tracts of well drained Chagrin soils, mod- 
erately well drained Hamblen soils, and somewhat 
poorly drained Newark soils are in narrow strips 


6 SOIL SURVEY 


along streams. The moderately well drained to some- 
what poorly drained clayey Beason soils are on low 
terraces and foot slopes. 

About 70 percent of this association is cleared. A 
sizable acreage on the steeper slopes is severely eroded 
and is reverting to Virginia pine or is being set to lob- 
lolly pine. Uncleared areas are in mixed hardwood and 
pine. A few tracts are idle or in unimproved pasture. 
Timber growth is generally slow, except on foot slopes 
and on narrow bottom land. 

Farms in this association average about 150 acres 
in size. They are used mostly for pasture, mainly tall 
fescue and white clover. Small patches of hay, corn, 
soybeans, and tobacco are grown. Many farms are 
operated on a part-time basis and supplemental in- 
come is derived from off-farm employment. Some of 
the larger farms have sizable dairy or beef cattle herds. 
Tobacco is the main cash crop on most farms. Truck 
crops provide a major source of income on a limited 
number of farms. 

Farming in this association is limited because many 
soils are moderately deep, droughty, low in natural fer- 
tility, and steep. Severe erosion in some places has 
lowered the fertility and available water capacity and 
has made tillage more difficult. More than half of this 
association is not suited to row crops. The areas that 


are suited are mainly on the more level ridgetops or 
on narrow strips along drainageways and streams, . 
which sometimes require drainage to produce feasible 
yields. If well managed, the smoother, less eroded up- 
land areas are moderately productive for pasture and 
row crops. The steeper and shallower soils are best 
suited to woodland, mainly loblolly pine and Virginia 
pine. 

Most of these soils are favorable as pond and lake 
sites. They have moderately slow permeability and a 
small risk of seepage. Because water moves slowly 
through most of the soils and thickness to underlying 
rock is less than 314 feet, the limitation is severe for 
septic tank filter fields. Other engineering practices 
are mainly limited by slope. 


4. Talbott-Gladeville association 


Rolling to steep soils that have a firm, plastic clayey 
subsoil and are less than 3% feet deep over limestone; 
on low rounded hills 


This association forms a narrow belt of low-lying 
hills that crosses the county in a southwest-northeast 
direction. It is dominantly rolling to hilly, but ranges to 
steep. It is underlain by clayey limestone that crops out 
in places (fig. 1). Slopes are about 5 to 25 percent. 


Figure l.—Typical landscape on Talbott-Gladeville sasociation, Numerous rock outerops in an area of unimproved pasture on 
albott soil. 


እዐእፎዐጄ County, TENNESSEE 7 


The association makes up about 1 percent of the 
county. It is about 70 percent Talbott soils, 10 per- 
cent Gladeville soils, and 20 percent small tracts of 
Hamblen, Emory, and Etowah soils. 

The moderately deep, well drained Talbott soils are 
on sloping to steep, low, rounded hills. They have a 
brownish, friable loamy surface layer and a firm, plas- 
tie clayey subsoil that is reddish in the upper part and 
brownish in the lower part. Limestone bedrock is at 8 
depth of 20 to 40 inches. 

The very shallow Gladeville soils, which are in the 
less sloping areas, occur as small patches among ledges 
of rock. They have a dark brownish, flaggy loamy sur- 
face layer and a dark brownish, flaggy clayey subsoil. 
Depth to bedrock ranges from 3 to 12 inches. 

The minor soils in the association are the well 
drained Etowah and Emory soils on foot slopes and in 
potholes and the moderately well drained Hamblen 
soils in depressions and in narrow strips along drain- 
ageways and streams. 

Less than half of this association is cleared. Much 
of the cleared acreage is used for pasture, mostly un- 
improved pasture. Corn, small grain, and hay are 
grown in small patches on foot slopes and along drain- 
ageways. Farms are small, averaging about 65 acres 
in size. Tobacco is the main cash crop. Most farming 
is on a part-time basis. Supplemental income.is de- 
rived from off-farm employment. 


e » "ët e ott e T b 
Í Jt 9$. 
patito + d ys ”# ¿p tr a 
| qa A RISE RC A MEUS MP A to 
ETIS Zi gek ech M T Aë A WE E UPA 


Much of this association is moderately steep, rocky, 
or shallow over bedrock and is poorly suited to row 
crops. The moderately low available water capacity 
limits the yield of hay and pasture. A small acreage of 
deeper soils, mainly on foot slopes, along drainage- 
ways, and in depressions produces a fair yield of tall 
fescue and lespedeza. Most of the rocky areas are in 
forests of redcedar and some Virginia pine, hickory, 
and oak. Some areas that have been cleared are idle. 

These soils have severe limitations for homesites 
that require septic tank filter fields because water moves 
slowly through the soils, except where sinkholes and 
underlying caverns occur. Highway construction is 
limited by the moderate depth and shallowness over 
bedrock because cutting and filling require blasting of 
rock. Crevices and underground caverns and the re- 
sulting seepage limit the building of ponds. 


5: Tellico-Alcoa-Neubert association 


Hilly to very steep soils, 815 to 5 feet deep over reddish 
sandy limestone, on high hills and ridges and deep, 
nearly level to hilly soils on bottom land and foot slopes 


This association consists of moderately steep to very 
steep hillsides and narrow ridgetops that are underlain 
by ferruginous sandy limestone and shale. Locally this 
area is known as the “red knobs” (fig. 2). A small part 
of the association is undulating to hilly foot slopes and 


dw UM P Ux Ober TN 8 vv 
ne ent eT ፈንጅን... MP ee ES SUR 
s MAL S ALL] SEEN) ek LAMB it vm 


Figure 2.—Typical landscape on Tellico-Alcoa-Neubert association. Alcoa soils are in the foreground. Tellico soils are on the steep 
wooded slopes. 


8 SOIL SURVEY 


nearly level strips along streams and narrow drain- 
ageways. Slopes range from less than 2 to more than 
60 percent, but are mostly 12 to 40 percent. 

The association makes up about 12 percent of the 
county. It is approximately 60 percent Tellico soils, 
15 percent Alcoa soils, 5 percent Neubert soils, and 
20 percent small tracts of Steekee, Bland, Christian, 
Montevallo, Hamblen, and Newark soils. 

The deep, well drained Tellico soils are on hillsides 
and ridgetops. They are reddish, friable, and loamy 
throughout. : 

The deep, well drained Alcoa soils are on colluvial 
foot slopes and benches at the bottom of steep uplands. 
They have a brownish, friable loamy surface layer and 
a reddish, friable subsoil that is loamy in the upper 
part and clayey in the lower part. 

The deep, well drained Neubert soils are in nearly 
level narrow strips along drainageways. They are dark 
brownish, friable, and loamy throughout. 

Bland, Christian, and Montevallo soils are the dom- 
inant minor soils in this association. The moderately 
deep, well drained Bland soils are on rolling ridgetops 
and steep side slopes that are underlain by mudstone. 
They are reddish and have a firm, clayey subsoil. The 
Christian soils are on the lower lying hills and ridges 
below Tellico soils. They formed in the shaly part of 
the formation. The shallow Montevallo soils, which 
formed in greenish acid shale, are on moderately steep 
ridgetops and steep side slopes. 

The well drained Steekee soils, which are also minor 
in the association, are on narrow hilltops and steep 
upper side slopes above Tellico soils. The moderately 
well drained Hamblen soils and the somewhat poorly 
drained Newark soils are on narrow strips of bottom 
land and along drainageways and small streams that 
meander through the association. 

Less than half of this association is now cleared. 
Most of the steeper areas, once cleared, are now idle, 
are in unimproved pasture, or have reverted by natural 
seeding to Virginia pine. Many of the steeper culti- 
vated tracts are severely eroded. Uncleared areas are 
in cutover hardwood and pine. 

Most farms range from 40 to 100 acres in size, but 
a few are as much 88 400 acres. Most small farms are 
on a part-time basis. The low income must be supple- 
mented by off-farm employment. 

Most of the steep slopes are woodland, mainly oak, 
hickory, locust, Virginia pine, and yellow-poplar. Crops 
are grown mainly on broad ridgetops, gently rolling 
foot slopes, and along narrow strips of bottom land. 
Most of the pasture is native grasses, but some im- 
proved pasture of tall fescue and white clover is grown. 
Tobacco is the main cash crop, and vegetables are 
grown mostly for home consumption. Some of the 
larger farms have dairy and beef cattle herds. 

. Farming is limited on more than half of this associa- 

tion by steepness of slope, hazard of erosion, and low 
fertility. Much of it is too steep to establish and main- 
tain acceptable pasture or hay stands. The rolling to 
steep hillsides are difficult to fertilize and lime. 

This association is best suited to trees. Black locust, 
yellow-poplar, black walnut, and maple make good 


growth on the lower and middle slopes. Virginia pine, 
loblolly pine, shortleaf pine, red oak, post oak, and 
black oak grow best on the upper slopes. Locust posts 
and pulpwood are the main wood products. 

Numerous wooded areas and streams provide food, 
water, and cover for wildlife. The association is well 
suited to development for hunting areas, parks, and 
other recreational facilities. Steep slopes and suscep- 
tibility to landslides create engineering problems in 
highway construction. Where slopes are not too steep, 
me of the soils are suited to septic tank absorption 

elds. 


6. Dunmore-Dewey association 


Dominantly rolling and hilly soils, more than 5 feet 
deep over limestone, on low rounded hills 


This association consists of soils that are more than 
5 feet deep over limestone bedrock and are on low 
rounded hills. The topography is dominantly rolling 
to hilly, but ranges from undulating to steep. Lime- 
stone sinks, depressions, and irregular topography are 
characteristic of this association. 

The association makes up about 8 percent of the 
county. It is about 45 percent Dunmore soils, 25 per- 
cent Dewey soils, and 30 percent Decatur, Emory, 
Chagrin, Etowah, Waynesboro, Hamblen, Newark, 
Beason, and Purdy soils. 

The deep, well drained Dunmore soils are in upland 
positions. They formed in clayey residuum from dolo- 
mitic limestone, mainly on gently rolling tops of low 
rounded ridges and hilly side slopes. They have a 
brownish, friable loamy surface layer and a reddish, 
firm clayey subsoil. | 

The deep, well drained, productive, undulating to 
hilly Dewey soils are in broad valleys. They formed in 
old alluvium 1 foot to 2 feet deep and the underlying 
residuum derived from dolomitic limestone. They have 
a brownish, friable loamy surface layer. The subsoil 
is brownish, friable, and loamy in the upper part and 
reddish, firm, and clayey in the lower part. 

The minor soils in the association are the well 
drained Decatur soils on uplands, the well drained 
Etowah soils on foot slopes, and the well drained Em- 
ory soils along narrow drainageways and in depres- 
sions. Small tracts of the well drained Chagrin soils, 
moderately well drained Hamblen soils, and somewhat 
poorly drained Newark soils are on bottom land along 
streams and drainageways. Small areas of the poorly 
drained Purdy soils are in depressions and old stream 
channels. A few tracts of the well drained Waynes- 
boro soils are on old terrace positions high above the 
flood plain. 

About 75 percent of this association is cleared. 
Wooded tracts are scattered throughout the area, but 
are mostly on steeper slopes. Uncleared tracts are 
dominantly hardwoods intermingled with a few pines. 
Most farms are about 150 acres in size. Many kinds of 
crops and pasture plants grown in the county are 
suited. Corn and small grain are grown mainly for 
silage. Tobacco has become an important cash crop, 
and recently many acres have been planted to soybeans. 


MONROE County, TENNESSEE 9 


Dairy and beef cattle are important. General livestock 
farms are numerous. 

These soils are moderately fertile. Farming is limited 
mainly by steep slopes and the hazard of erosion. The 
roling hillsides are suited to all commonly grown 
pasture and hay crops, such as orchardgrass, tall fes- 
cue, timothy, red clover, white clover, and alfalfa. The 
gently sloping ridgetops, foot slopes, and nearly level 
bottom land are well suited to most row crops. Im- 
proved drainage, where needed on bottom land, in- 
ር፲68868 suitability for crops and improves yields. The 
Soils respond well to improved management, especially 
to applications of lime and fertilizer. 

Farm ponds furnish much of the water needed by 
livestock. Good site selection and proper construction 
are necessary to insure a dependable pond reservoir. 
Chemical treatment is commonly required to prevent 
seepage. 


7. Dandridge association 


Hilly to very steep soils, dominantly 1 to 2 feet deep 
over calcareous shale, on high winding ridges 


This association consists of highly dissected hill- 
sides and narrow, winding ridgetops. The soils formed 
in calcareous shale that is commonly called “black 
slate." The drainageways that meander through the 
association are in an intricate pattern. They are nar- 
row and deep at the head, but become broader as they 
approach larger streams. Slopes are 5 to 20 percent 
on ridgecaps. Side slopes range mostly from 20 to 50 
percent. In a few areas they are steeper. 

The association makes up about 3 percent of the 
county. It is about 85 percent Dandridge soils and 15 
percent is mostly Christian, Hamblen, Leadvale, and 
Newark soils. 

The excessively drained, shallow Dandridge soils 
are on hilltops and hillsides. They have a brownish, 
shaly loamy surface layer and a brownish, shaly clayey 
subsoil. 

Minor soils in the association are the well drained 
Christian soils on broad ridgetops, the moderately well 
drained Leadvale soils on foot slopes and at the heads 
of drainageways, and the moderately well drained 
Hamblen soils and somewhat poorly drained Newark 
soils on flood plains. 

About 60 percent of this association is cleared. Un- 
cleared tracts are mostly in cutover hardwood inter- 
mingled with Virginia pine. Many acres, once cleared, 
are idle or are reverting to Virginia pine or redcedar. 
Some have been set to loblolly pine. Red oak, white 
oak, black locust, and hickory are the dominant hard- 
woods. Idle areas are in blackberry vines, sawbriers, 
persimmon, and sassafras bushes. 

Most farms average less than 100 acres in size. The 
main cultivated areas are the rolling ridgecaps. Most 
of the cleared acreage is used for pasture and hay, 
mainly tall fescue, white clover, and lespedeza. Tobacco 
is the main cash crop, and vegetables are grown mostly 
for home consumption. Small herds of dairy and beef 
cattle are on some of the larger farms. Most farming 
18 on a part-time basis. A small amount of timber is 
harvested annually, mainly for pulpwood or fence 
posts. 


This association is not suited to row crops, but the 
more level areas are fairly well suited to pasture and 
hay. Steep slopes, very low available water capacity, 
moderately low fertility, slow permeability, and poor 
tilth limit the use of this association. Pasture and hay 
crops make good growth during moist periods, but 
little growth during summer and early fall. The best 
suited pasture plants are bluegrass, tall fescue, white 
clover, and lespedeza. Pasture and hay plants respond 
to applications of fertilizer, but not to liming because 
the soils are mostly neutral. The association is best 
suited to forest, mainly Virginia pine, loblolly pine, and 
redcedar. 

This association contains many spring-fed streams. 
Because of the moderately slow permeability, the soils 
are suited to construction of ponds and lakes. Roads 
are not easily built and maintained because the soils 
are steep and cutting and filling are needed. Limita- 
tions are severe for homesites that require septic tanks. 


8. Statler-Staser-Transylvania association 


Nearly level and undulating soils, more than 5 feet 
deep over bedrock, on low terraces and bottom land 


This association occurs as three small areas of long, 
narrow strips of low terraces and first bottoms along 
the Conasauga, Tellico, and Little Tennessee Rivers. 
The soils are some of the most fertile in the county. 
Slopes are dominantly less than 2 percent. 

The association makes up about 2 percent of the 
county. It is about 25 percent Statler soils, 15 percent 
Staser soils, 15 percent Transylvania soils, and 45 per- 
cent mostly Chagrin, Lobdell, Newark, Hamblen, Whit- 
well, and Sequatchie soils. 

The deep, well drained Statler soils are on low ter- 
races. They formed in alluvium from mountain sedi- 
ment. They have a brownish, friable loamy surface 
layer and subsoil. 

The deep, well drained Staser soils are on bottom 
land along the Tellico River and its tributaries. They 
have a brownish, friable loamy surface layer and sub- 
soil. They receive sediment mostly from the mountains, 

The deep, well drained Transylvania soils are on 
narrow strips of bottom land. These soils formed in 
mountain sediment, mainly along the Little Tennessee 
River. They are brownish, friable, and loamy through- 
out, but they are much darker in the upper 2 to 3 feet. 

The well drained Chagrin soils formed in loamy sedi- 
ment on bottom land. The well drained Sequatchie soils 
and the moderately well drained Whitwell soils formed 
in loamy sediment on low terrace benches. The mod- 
erately well drained Lobdell soils formed mostly in 
phyllite and siltstone sediment in pockets along streams 
originating in the mountains. The moderately well 
drained Hamblen soils and the somewhat poorly 
drained Newark soils formed mainly in limestone and 
shale sediment along streams that originate in the 
valley. 

Practically all of this association is cleared. Farms 
average more than 200 acres in size, and some are as 
much as 500 acres or more. A large acreage along the 
Little Tennessee River and lower Tellico River above 
the Tellico Dam will be flooded when the Tennessee 
Valley Authority completes the dam. A large part of 


10 SOIL SURVEY 


this association is used for crops, mainly corn, small 
grain, soybeans, truck crops, and tobacco. Double 
cropping is a common practice. The rest is used for 
hay and pasture, mainly tall fescue, orchardgrass, 
white clover, and lespedeza. Several acres purchased 
by the Tennessee Valley Authority for the Tellico Dam 
Project are now idle. Few farms are entirely within 
this association. 

Some of the most productive soils in the county are 
in this association. They are nearly level and fertile 
and are suited to intensive farming and a wide variety 
of crops and pasture plants. The main limitations are 
wetness in low areas and flooding for brief periods. 


9. Calvin association 


Rolling to steep soils, 2 to 314 feet deep over reddish 
shale, on high hills and knobs 


This association consists of hilly and steep soils that 
formed in material weathered from reddish shale on 
uplands. Valleys are V-shaped, and drainageways are 
narrow at the head but are wider as they approach 


larger streams. Slopes range from 5 to 20 percent on 


the wider ridgetops and from 20 to 40 percent on steep 
side slopes. 

The association makes up slightly less than 1 percent 
of the county. It is about 60 percent Calvin soils and 
40 percent mostly Litz, Sequoia, Etowah, Farragut, 
Chagrin, and Hamblen soils. 

The Calvin soils are on narrow, irregular ridgetops 
and side slopes. They have & brownish, friable loamy 
surface layer and subsoil. Content of shale fragments 
ranges from about 10 percent in the surface layer to 
as much as 80 percent in the lower part of the subsoil. 
Depth to bedrock ranges from 20 to 36 inches. 

The Litz and Sequoia soils are on the wider, gently 
roling ridgecaps. They formed in the yellow shale 
member of the formation. The deep, well drained Eto- 
wah and Farragut soils formed on old terraces. The 
well drained Chagrin soils and moderately well drained 
Hamblen soils are in narrow strips of bottom land 
along streams. 

At least 65 percent of this association is in mixed 
hardwood and pine. The steeper areas, once cleared, 
are now idle or are reverting to forest, mainly Virginia 
pine. The more level upland areas are in hay &nd pas- 
ture, mostly tall fescue and lespedeza, Narrow strips 
along drainageways and streams are used for vege- 
tables and tobacco. Farms average about 100 acres in 
size and are mostly operated on a part-time basis. The 
main cash crop is tobacco. Some income is derived from 
the sale of pulpwood and posts. 

Because of steep slopes and the shallowness of the 
soils, most of this association has low potential for 
farm and nonfarm use. 


10. Wallen-Jefferson-Ramsey association 


Dominantly steep and very steep soils, 1 to more than 
6 feet deep over hard sandstone, on high mountainsides 


This association is mainly in the southern part of 
the county. Intermittent small areas extend northeast 
into other associations. The association is & steep, 
rugged mountainous area (fig. 8) underlain by sand- 


stone, quartz, and shale. Ridgecaps are narrow and 
side slopes are steep and long. Slopes range from 2 to 
70 percent, but are mostly 20 to 50 percent. 

The association makes up about 9 percent of the 
county. It is approximately 25 percent Wallen soils, 
20 percent Jefferson soils, 5 percent Ramsey soils, and 
50 percent Hartsells, Linker, Litz, Sequatchie, Pope, 
Philo, and Atkins soils. 

The excessively drained, moderately deep Wallen 
Soils are on the upper part of steep sandstone moun- 
tainsides. They have a brownish loamy surface layer 
and a gravelly subsoil. 

The deep, well drained Jefferson soils are on the 
lower part of sloping to steep mountainsides and on 
foot slopes. They formed in sandstone colluvium. They 
have a brownish loamy surface layer and subsoil. 

The shallow, somewhat excessively drained Ramsey 
80118 are on narrow ridgecaps and the upper part of 
steep mountainsides. They have a brownish loamy 
surface layer and subsoil Depth to bedrock ranges 
from 8 to 20 inches. 

The moderately deep, well drained Hartsells and 
Linker soils are on broad ridgetops. The moderately 
deep Litz soils, which formed in acid shale,. are on 
outeropping side slopes below sandstone ridges. The 
deep, well drained Sequatchie soils are in small tracts 
on foot slopes and benches on second bottoms. The 
well drained Pope soils, moderately well drained Philo 
soils, and poorly drained Atkins soils are in narrow 
strips along small streams or drainageways. Ç 

About 95 percent of this association is forested. 
Only part of the moderately steep foot slopes, gently 
sloping benches, and small, nearly level tracts along 
drainageways and streams is cleared. Many areas, 
once cleared, have reverted to woodland, mostly to 
Virginia pine, but also to oak, sourwood, hickory, 
dogwood, and yellow-poplar. 

Most of this association is owned and controlled by 
the Forest Service. Small privately owned farms are 
located along the edges. The association is poorly suited 
to farming, and most farms are operated on a part-time 
basis. Small patches of tobacco furnish the larger part 
of the farm income. Garden vegetables and a few cows, 
hogs, and chickens are grown for home use. Some 
timber products are sold, mainly for pulpwood. Be- 
cause of steep slopes, low fertility, and droughtiness, 
these soils have ጹ higher potential for forest than for 
farming. 

The large wooded areas provide food and cover for 
wildlife. The association is well suited to development 
for hunting areas, parks, and other recreational facil- 
ities. 


11. Ranger-Citico-Fletcher association 


Steep and very steep soils, 2 to 6 feet deep over phyllite 
rock, on highly dissected mountains 


This association is an area of narrow, irregular 
ridgecaps, steep mountainsides, and V-shaped hollows 
and gorges. The soils formed in material weathered 
from phyllite or siltstone. The elevation is about 1,200 
to 2,500 feet. Slopes dominantly range from 20 to 60 
percent. 


Monroe County, TENNESSEE 11 


Figure 3.—Typical landscape on Wallen-Jefferson-Ramsey association. 


The association makes up about 23 percent of the 
county. It is about 65 percent Ranger soils, 10 percent 
Citico soils, 5 percent Fletcher soils, and 20 percent 
mostly Wallen, Shelocta, Jefferson, Altavista, Pope, 
Philo, and Atkins soils. 

The well drained, moderately deep, acid Ranger soils 
are on narrow, irregular ridgecaps and steep upper 
side slopes. They have a brownish loamy surface layer 
and subsoil. The content of coarse fragments ranges 
from about 20 percent in the surface layer to about 
60 percent in the lower part of the subsoil. 

The deep, well drained Citico soils are on the lower 
part of long, steep to very steep side slopes, on benches, 
and in coves. They formed in material that moved 
downslope over a long period. They have a brownish 
loamy surface layer and subsoil. 

The well drained, moderately deep Fletcher soils 
‘are in small tracts on broad ridgetops and mild side 
slopes. They have a brownish loamy surface layer and 
a brownish and reddish loamy subsoil. 

The Wallen and Jefferson soils are on isolated sand- 
stone ridges capping or protruding above other soils. 
The deep, well drained Shelocta soils are on foot slopes 
and benches. They formed in sediment washed from 


steeper slopes. The moderately well drained Altavista 
soils are on foot slopes and low terraces. The well 
drained Pope soils, the moderately well drained Philo 
soils, and the poorly drained Atkins soils are in small, 
narrow tracts along streams and drainageways. 

About 95 percent of this association is forest, mainly 
Virginia pine, shortleaf pine, sourwood, red maple, 
oak, hickory, and dogwood. About 80 percent of the 
association is in the Cherokee National Forest. Most 
privately owned farms average less than 50 acres in 
size and are operated on a part-time basis. Most of 
the cleared areas are used for vegetables and hay and 
pasture for a small number of livestock. Tall fescue, 
white clover, and lespedeza are the main forage crops. 
Some truck crops, such as bell pepper, are grown by 
consignment for marketing, and some wood products 
are sold each year. 

Steep slope limits the potential of most of this as- 
sociation for farm and.nonfarm uses. The soils are 
moderately low in fertility and available moisture. The 
association is best suited to trees. Pine, hickory, oak, 
and maple grow well on the upper and middle slopes, 
and the better hardwoods, including yellow-poplar, are 
suited to the lower concave slopes and the coves. 


12 SOIL SURVEY 


Permanent streams provide food, water, and cover 
for wildlife. Most streams are frequently stocked with 
trout. Managed hunts for bear, wild hogs, deer, and 
other small game are conducted each year. The associa- 
tion is well suited to development for hunting, fishing, 
parks, and other recreational facilities. Many camp 


sites have been established. Panning for gold is popular. 


in the Coker Creek area. 
Roads are difficult to construct in this area because 
the soils are steep and deep cuts and fills are needed. 


12. Sylco-Citico-Brookshire association 


Steep and very steep soils, 2 to 8 feet deep over phyllite 
and arkosic sandstone rock, on high mountainsides and 
in deep coves 


This association consists of well drained and ex- 
cessively drained soils on steep and very steep moun- 
tainsides. Elevation is about 2,000 to 4,000 feet. The 
soils are on narrow, irregular ridgecaps and steep side 
slopes as much as 500 feet long. They formed in slate, 
phyllite, and arkosic or graywacke sandstone. Slopes 
range from 10 to 75 percent, but are mostly 30 to 75 
percent, 

The association makes up about 11 percent of the 
county. It is about 65 percent Sylco soils, 10 percent 
Citico soils, 5 percent Brookshire soils, and 20 percent 
oe Jeffrey, Ditney, Unicoi, Spivey, and Shouns 
soils. 

The well drained Syleo soils are 20 to 40 inches 
thick over slate or phyllite bedrock. They are on nar- 
row ridgecaps and steep upper side slopes. They have 
a brownish loamy surface layer and subsoil. The con- 
tent of coarse fragments ranges from about 20 per- 
cent in the surface layer to about 60 percent in the 
lower part of the subsoil. 

The deep, well drained Citico soils are on the lower 
half of steep side slopes and in coves. They formed in 
sediment from higher lying soils that are underlain by 
phyllite and slate. They have a brownish loamy surface 
layer and subsoil. The content of coarse fragments 
ranges from about 15 percent in the surface layer to 
about 40 percent in the lower part of the subsoil. 

The deep, well drained Brookshire soils are on the 
lower parts of steep mountainsides and in coves. They 
formed in soil material moved downslope from other 
soils that formed in place over arkosic sandstone, gray- 
wacke sandstone, phyllite, conglomerate, and quartzite. 
They have a brownish loamy surface layer and subsoil. 

The steep, well drained Jeffrey and Spivey soils are 
in coves and concave positions. The well drained 
Shouns soils are on benches and foot slopes. The mod- 
erately deep Ditney soils and the shallow Unicoi soils 
are on ridgecrests and the upper part of mountainsides. 

This association is within the Cherokee National 
Forest, and practically all is forested. A few broad 
ridgetops and coves are in native grasses, and a few 
areas have been seeded to pasture for experimental 
purposes. Chestnut oak, scarlet oak, Virginia pine, 
pitch pine, and red maple are on the upland slopes. The 
coves and lower slopes support yellow-poplar, northern 
red oak, white oak, basswood, hickory, white pine, hem- 
lock, and silverbell. 


Steep slopes limit the soils for farm or nonfarm 
uses. Because of the difference in slope, depth, and ele- 
vation, these soils are suited to a wide variety of tree 
species. 

Perennial streams and good vegetation furnish food, 
water, and protection for wildlife. The association is 
well suited to fishing and hunting. It has moderate to 
severe limitations for camping and other recreational 
facilities. Wildlife hunts are managed by the Tennessee 
Wildlife Resources Agency. 

Cattle are brought to this area each spring by those 
who still have grazing permits. 


13. Ditney-Brookshire-Jeffrey association 


Dominantly steep and very steep soils, 2 to 8 feet deep 
over arkosic sandstone, on high mountainsides and in 
deep coves . 


This association is on narrow ridgetops and long, 
steep mountainsides and in deep coves. Elevation is 
8,000 to 5,000 feet. The soils formed in material under- 
lain by slate, phyllite, graywacke, arkosic sandstone, 
and probably granite and conglomerate in some places. 
Slopes range from 10 to 70 percent, but are mostly 40 
to 60 percent. 

The association makes up about 13 percent of the 
county. It is about 40 percent Ditney soils, 25 percent 
Brookshire soils, 15 percent Jeffrey soils, and 20 per- 
cent mostly Spivey and Unicoi soils. 

The moderately deep, well drained, acid Ditney soils 
are on high mountaintops and steep mountainsides. 
They have a brownish loamy surface layer and subsoil 
that are cobbly throughout. Slopes range from 12 to 
60 percent, but are dominantly 30 to 60 percent. 

The deep, well drained, acid Brookshire soils are on 
lower parts of mountainsides and in deep coves. They 
have a brownish loamy surface layer and subsoil. 
Slopes range from 10 to 60 percent, but are commonly 
between 20 to 40 percent. 

The deep, well drained Spivey soils are dark and 
cobbly. They are in coves and on the lower parts of 
steep mountainsides. The shallow, excessively drained 
Unicoi soils 8180 are cobbly. They are on steep to very 
steep points, convex side slopes, and narrow ridgecaps. 

This association is within the Cherokee National For- 
est, and practically all is in forest managed and con- 
trolled by the Forest Service. Northern red oak, white 
oak, chestnut oak, hemlock, yellow-poplar, basswood, 
silverbell, white pine, Virginia pine, red spruce, Fraser 
fir, and pitch pine are dominant. Tree growth is limited 
mostly by the high elevation. 

This association is best suited to camping, recrea- 
tion, hunting, and fishing. Trout fishing, as well as bear, 
boar, deer, and small game hunts, are managed by the 
Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency. Perennial 
streams and good vegetation furnish food, water, and 
protection for wildlife. 

Steep slopes limit the soils for farm and nonfarm 
uses. Cattle are still grazed in summer by those having 
permits issued when this association was designated 
as a national forest. 


Monrose County, TENNESSEE 13 


Descriptions of the Soils 


This section describes the soil series and mapping 
units in Monroe County. Each soil series is described 
in detail, and then, briefly, each mapping unit in that 
series. Unless it is specifically mentioned otherwise, 
it is to be assumed that what is stated about the soil 
series holds true for the mapping units in that series. 
Thus, to get full information about any one mapping 
unit, it is necessary to read both the description of the 
mapping unit and the description of the soil series to 
which it belongs. 

An important part of the description of each soil 
series is the soil profile, that is, the sequence of layers 
from the surface downward to rock or other underlying 
material. Each soil series description contains a short 
narrative description of a profile considered represen- 
tative of the series, and a much more detailed descrip- 
tion of the same profile that scientists, engineers, and 
others can use in making highly technical interpreta- 
tions. The colors described are for moist soil, unless 
otherwise noted. The profile described in the soil series 
is representative for mapping units in that series. If 
the profile of a given mapping unit is different from 
the one described for the series, these differences are 
stated in the description of the mapping unit. The de- 
scription of each mapping unit contains suggestions on 
how the soil can be managed. 

Preceding the name of each mapping unit is a 
symbol. The symbol identifies the mapping unit on 
the detailed soil map. Listed at the end of each de- 
scription of a mapping unit are the capability unit and 
the woodland suitability group to which the mapping 
unit has been assigned. 

Some of the terms used in the soil descriptions are 
defined in the Glossary, and some are defined in the 
section “How This Survey Was Made.” The approxi- 
mate acreage and proportionate extent of each soil 
mapped are show in table 4. The "Index to Mapping 
Units" on page ii lists the mapping units in the county 
and the page where each unit is described. 


Aleoa Series 


The Alcoa series consists of deep, well drained, and 
gently sloping to moderately steep soils. These soils 
are on benches and foot slopes in the region known 
as the "red knobs." They formed in material that 
washed or moved downslope from the reddish Tellico 
soils. Slopes are 2 to 20 percent. 

In a representative profile the surface layer is dark 
reddish brown, friable loam about 7 inches thick. The 
subsoil is dark red, friable clay loam and clay to a 
depth of 62 inches. Between 62 and 74 inches it is dark 
red sandy clay. 

Except in severely eroded areas, Alcoa soils are easy 
to work. They are strongly acid or very strongly acid 
throughout the profile. Where limed, the surface layer 
is less acid. Permeability is moderate and the available 
water capacity is high. 

These soils are used for corn, tobacco, hay, and pas- 


ture. Only a few of the smaller or steeper areas are in 
farm woodlots. 

Representative profile of Alcoa loam, 2 to 5 percent 
slopes : 

Ap—0 to 7 inches; dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) loam; 
moderate medium granular structure; friable; many 
roots; medium acid; clear smooth boundary. 

B1—7 to 13 inches; dark red (2.5YR 3/6) clay loam; 
moderate medium subangular blocky structure; fri- 
able; common roots; thin patchy clay films on faces 
of peds; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. 

B21t—13 to 20 inches; dark red (2.5YR 3/6) clay loam; 
moderate medium subangular blocky structure; fri- 
able; few fine roots; thin patchy clay films on faces 
of peds; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. 

B22t—20 to 30 inches; dark red (2.5YR 3/6) clay; mod- 
erate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; 
few fine roots; few thin discontinuous and continuous 
ር187 films on faces of peds; strongly acid; gradual 
smooth boundary. 

B23t—30 to 62 inches; dark red (2.5YR 3/6) clay; mod- 
erate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; 
few fine roots; few thin discontinuous and continuous 
clay films on faces of peds; few fine dark brown 
concretions; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. 

B24t—62 to 74 inches; dark red (2.5YR 3/6) sandy clay; 
weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; 
few thin discontinuous clay films on faces of peds; 
strongly acid. 


The A horizon is dark brown or dark reddish brown loam 
or silt loam 5 to 10 inches thick. In severely eroded areas 
it is dark reddish brown or dark red clay loam. The B 
horizon is dark reddish brown or dark red clay loam, sandy 
clay, or clay. Alluvium is 4 to 15 feet thick. The under- 
lying material is residuum derived from sandstone or 
shale, or both. Depth to bedrock is more than 5 feet. 


AaB—Alcoa loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes. This deep, 
well drained soil is in tracts of 2 to 5 acres, mostly on 
foot slopes and benches below steep, upland side slopes. 
It has the profile described as representative of the 
series, Included in mapping were small areas where 
slopes are slightly more than 5 percent. 

This soil is well suited to all crops commonly grown 
in the county, such as corn, soybeans, burley tobacco, 
small grain, and vegetables. The hazard of erosion is 
the main limitation in cultivated areas. The potential 
is high for most urban use, such as dwellings and local 
roads. Capability unit IIe-1; woodland group 307. 

AaC—Alcoa loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes. This deep, 
well drained soil is in tracts of 8 to 10 acres on foot 
slopes below steep hillsides. The surface layer is dark 
reddish brown or dark brown and is 5 to 7 inches thick. 
The subsoil to a depth of 60 inches or more is dark 
reddish brown and dark red. It is clay loam in the 
upper part and clay in the lower part. Depth to bed- 
rock is more than 5 feet. 

Included with this soil in mapping were a few 
small eroded tracts where the surface layer is dark 
red clay loam. Also included were small areas where 
slopes are less than 5 percent or more than 12 percent. 

This soil is suited to all crops commonly grown in 
the county, including corn, burley tobacco, small grain, 
and vegetables. It is well suited to alfalfa and orchard- 
grass and other grasses and legumes. The hazard of 
erosion is the main limitation for crops. The potential 
is high for dwellings and septic tank absorption fields 


14 


SOIL SURVEY 


TABLE 4.—Approzimate acreage and proportionate extent of the soils 


Soil 


Alcoa loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes 
Alcoa loam, 8 to 12 percent slopes... 
Alcoa loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes... 
Alcoa clay loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes, 
severely eroded................. seem 
Alcoa clay loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes, 
severely eroded... 
Allegheny loam... 
Allen loam, 5 to 12 p! 
Allen loam, 12 to 25 percent s 
Altavista silt loam..... 
Atkins silt loam.. 
Beason silt loam...... E 
Bland silt loam, 10 to 25 percent slopes = 
Bland silt loam, 25 to 50 percent slopes................ 
Bland-Rock outcrop complex, 25 to 50 
percent slopes. 
Brookshire loam, 20 to 40 percent slopes... 
Calvin silt loam, 5 to 20 percent slopes. 
Calvin silt loam, 20 to 40 percent slopes... 
‘Cataska-Rock outcrop complex, 35 to 75 
percent slopes...... 
Chagrin silt loam... Si 
Christian loam, 3 t cent slopes 
Christian loam, 12 to 25 percent slope: 
Christian clay loam, 12 to 25 percent slop 
severely eroded........... es 
Citico channery silt loam, 20 to 40 percent 
BOP OH E 
Dandridge shaly silty clay loam, 5 to 20 
percent slopes................... cessere 
Dandridge shaly silty clay loam, 20 to 35 
percent alopeg sees 
Dandridge shaly silty clay loam, 35 to 60 
percent slopes 
Decatur silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes 
Decatur silt loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes...... 
Decatur silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes 
eroded 
Decatur silty clay loam, 5 to 12 percent 
severely eroded. 
Decatur silty clay loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes, 
severely eroded. 
Dewey silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes... 
Dewey silt loam, 5 to 12 percent 810568 ... 
Dewey silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes, eroded.. 
Dewey silty clay loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes, 
severely eroded. 
Dewey silty clay loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes, 
severely eroded. 
Ditney loam, 12 to 25 percent slopes. 
Ditney loam, 25 to 60 percent slopes..... 
Dunmore silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes. 
Dunmore silt loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes.. 
Dunmore silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes, 
ROO ንበ ው ሌን ንን ኸኸ. 
Dunmore silt loam, 20 to 35 percent slopes, 
` eroded 
Dunmore silty clay loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes, 
severely eroded 
Dunmore silty clay loam, 12 to 20 percent 
slopes, severely eroded 
Dunning silty clay loam. 
Emory silt loam-..............-....-.-.------- 
Etowah silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes 
Etowah silt loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes.. 


pes... 
lopes. 


Farragut silty clay, 12 to 20 pe slop 
severely eroded.......... l. l... esse e: 
Fletcher silt loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes..........---- 


Area, 


Acres 


445 


1,665 
18,040 
3,875 
2,940 
4,920 


1,770 
7,085 


Extent 


Percent 


0. 


1 
9 


a 


= 


፦ 
mown da bo 5 ë -ኤ፻2:ሓኀ45 i» 20050 b ኤ RE N b a a CoU who 


= C 


Q) 


Oototo to ንንን ረሸድ ንን 


= 


wm 


Soil 


Fletcher silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes............ 
Fullerton cherty silt loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes.. 
Fullerton cherty silt loam, 12 to 20 percent 


Hamblen silt loam. o 
Hartsells fine sandy loam, 5 to 15 percent slopes.. 
Holston loam, 3 to 12 percent slopes...............-..---- 
Jefferson fine sandy loam, 3 to 12 percent slopes.. 
Jefferson fine sandy loam, 12 to 25 percent 
D) E ገ s. a.s. =- 
Jefferson fine sandy loam, 25 to 50 percent 


slopes 
Jefferson cobbly fine sandy loam, 12 to 25 
onde m een 
Jefferson cobbly fine sandy loam, 25 to 50 
ercent alopen EEN 
Jeffrey cobbly loam, 12 to 25 percent slopes. 
Jeffrey cobbly loam, 25 to 60 percent slopes. 
Leadvale silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes.... 
Linker loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes........ 
Litz shaly silt loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes 
Litz shaly silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes. 
Litz shaly silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes, 
severely eroded. 
Litz shaly silt loam, 20 to 35 percent slopes. 
Litz and DU ረሚ soils, gullied.... 
Lobdell silt logm......................... 
Minvaae silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes = 
Minvale silt loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes.............. 
Montevallo shaly silt loam, 12 to 30 percent 


Neubert loam... 
Newark silt ioam. 
Philo silt loam. 


1):2)..:))18፡114)፡፡፡ የ ም ም ስሮም ስ 
Ranger channery 811 loam, 12 to 25 percent 


Sequatchie loam...... 
Sequoia silt loam, 2 percent slopes............ 
Sequoia silt loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes, erod 
Sequoia silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes, eroded. 
Sequoia silty clay, 5 to 12 percent slopes, 
severely eroded. 
Sequoia silty clay, 12 to 20 percent slopes, 
severely er 
Shelocta silt loam, 3 to 12 percent slopes. 
Shelocta silt loam, 12 to 25 percent slopes 
Shouns silt loam, 12 to 25 percent slopes..... 
Spivey cobbly loam, 20 to 60 percent slopes 
Staser loam...... 
Statler loam... 
Steekee loam, 20 to 50 p pes.... 2 
8,160 channery silt loam, 25 to 65 perce 8.. 
Talbott silt loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes, eroded.. 
Talbott silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes, eroded.. 
Talbott clay, 5 to 12 percent slopes, severely 
oe e e WEE 
Talbott clay, 12 to 20 percent slopes, severely 
aa ea BE 
Talbott-Rock outcrop complex, 5 to 20 percent 


Extent 


Kä 


= 


3g 
Puesto io bo i 


ko h = 


Monroe County, TENNESSEE 15 


TABLE 4.—Approximate acreage and proportionate extent of the soils—Continued 


ee 


Soil Area Extent 
Talbott-Rock outcrop complex, 20 to 40 percent Acres Percent 
BLO POG ክስ ክችም ማን sia ,125 5 
Tellico loam, 12 to 20 percent slop: 3,510 9 
Tellico loam, 20 to 35 percent slopes. 2,405 6 
Tellico loam, 35 to 60 percent slopes..............--.... 15,920 3.7 
Tellico clay loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes, 
severely eroded............ J ..............————--====- 4,020 1.0 
Tellico clay loam, 20 to 35 percent slopes, 
severely eroded ss 4,210 1.0 
Tellico and Dewey soils, ደህ1164............... .......------------ 1,950 5 
Transylvania loam................—— e 1,195 3 
Unicoi cobbly loam, 30 to 65 percent slopes. 320 ዕይ) 
Wallen gravelly fine sandy loam, 20 to 60 
percent slopes... sess 2.7 


"Less than 0.05 percent. 


and medium for local roads. Capability unit ፲11፲6-1) 
woodland group 307. 

AaD—Alcoa loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes. This deep, 
well drained soil is in tracts of 3 to 10 acres on foot 
slopes below steep ridges in the section known as “red 
knobs." The surface layer is dark reddish brown or 
dark brown and is 5 to 7 inches thick. The upper part 
of the subsoil is dark reddish brown, friable clay loam 
to a depth of about 2 feet. Below this, it is dark reddish 
brown or dark red, friable clay that extends to a depth 
of 5 feet or more. Depth to shale or limestone bedrock 
is more than 5 feet. 

Included with this soil in mapping were small areas 
where bedrock is at a depth of 4 to 5 feet. In a few 
places the surface layer is fine sandy loam. Also in- 
cluded were spots that contain a few shale fragments 
and a few severely eroded areas less than 2 acres in 
size. 

This soil is suited to all crops and hay and pasture 
plants commonly grown in the county. The hazard of 
erosion is severe in cultivated areas. Because of the 
slope, the potential is medium for most urban use. 
Capability unit IVe-1; woodland group 307. 

AcC3—Alcoa clay loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes, se- 
verely eroded. This deep, well drained soil is in tracts 
of 2 to 5 acres below steep hillsides. The plow layer is 
dark reddish brown or dark red and is made up mainly 
of the former subsoil. The subsoil is dark reddish 
brown or dark red clay loam in the upper part and 
dark red or dark reddish brown clay in the lower part. 
A few areas were included in mapping where slopes 
are more than 12 percent. 

This soil is best suited to hay and pasture because 
of poor workability and the hazard of further erosion 
if cultivated. Tall fescue, orchardgrass, alfalfa, white 
clover, red clover, and sericea lespedeza are suited. Cul- 
tivated crops can be grown occasionally in a long 
cropping system without damage to the soil. The poten- 
tial is high for most urban use, such as dwellings with 
septic tank absorption fields. Low strength is a limita- 
tion for local roads. Capability unit IVe-1; woodland 
group 507. 

AcD3—Alcoa clay loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes, 
severely eroded. This deep, well drained soil is in 


Soil Area Extent 
Acres Percent 
Waynesboro loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes.............--- 410 1 
Waynesboro loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes... x: 3,320 
Waynesboro loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes. E 1,130 3 
Waynesboro loam, 20 to 35 percent slopes............ 665 T 
Waynesboro clay loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes, 
severely erode eee 670 1 
Waynesboro clay loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes, 
severely eroded............. as 890 2 
Whitwell logm.... 480 1 
Water... 1,665 4 
fT'otal.:.. eiecit 422,400 100.0 


tracts of 2 to 5 acres on foot slopes and benches. The 
plow layer is dark reddish brown or dark red and is 
made up mainly of the former subsoil The subsoil is 
dark reddish brown or dark red clay loam in the upper 
part and dark reddish brown or dark red clay in the 
lower part. 

Included with this soil in mapping were small areas 
where slopes are less than 12 percent or more than 20 
percent. Some tracts contain slightly eroded areas 
that have a dark brown or reddish brown, friable loam 
surface layer. Also included were a few gullied areas. 

This soil is best suited to perennial pasture or wood- 
land because of the moderately steep slopes, the hazard 
of further erosion if cultivated, and poor tilth. Tall 
fescue, white clover, red clover, Midland bermuda- 
grass, and sericea lespedeza are suited. The trees best 
suited are loblolly pine, Virginia pine, white pine, and 
shortleaf pine. Because of the slope, the potential is 
medium for most urban use. Capability unit VIe-1; 
woodland group 307. 


Allegheny Series 


The Allegheny series consists of deep, well drained, 
loamy soils. These soils are on low terraces along 
streams in the mountains. They formed in sediment 
derived from a variety of rocks, including sandstone, 
shale, phyllite, and slate. Elevation is 1,000 to 2,000 
feet. Slopes are 0 to 3 percent. 

In a representative profile the surface layer is brown 
loam about 8 inches thick. The subsoil is yellowish 
brown and strong brown, friable loam and clay loam 
to a depth of about 42 inches. The underlying material 
between depths of 42 and 58 inches is brown fine sandy 
loam that contains a few waterworn pebbles. 

Allegheny soils are easy to work and are rarely 
subject to flooding. Response to management 18 ex- 
cellent. These soils are strongly acid throughout the 
profile. Where limed, the surface layer is less acid. 
Permeability is moderate, and the available water ca- 
pacity is high. 

These soils are used for hay and pasture and small 
fields of row crops. 

Representative profile of Allegheny loam: 


16 SOIL SURVEY 


Ap—0 to 8 inches: brown (10YR 4/3) loam; moderate 
medium granular structure; friable; many roots; 
medium acid; clear smooth boundary. 

B1—8 to 12 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) loam; 
weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; com- 
mon roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. 

B21t—12 to 16 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; 
moderate fine and medium subangular blocky struc- 
ture; friable; few thin discontinuous clay films; few 
roots; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. 

B22t—16 to 38 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay 
loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; 
friable; few thin discontinuous clay films; few roots; 
strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. 

B3—38 to 42 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) loam; 
weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; 
very friable; strongly acid; clear irregular boundary. 

C—42 to 58 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) fine sandy loam; 
many medium and coarse distinct strong brown 
(7.5YR 5/6) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) mot- 
tles; massive; very friable; 5 percent gravel by vol- 
ume, less than one inch across; strongly acid. 


Depth to bedrock ranges from 4 to 10 feet or more. 
Content of coarse fragments in the A and B horizons 
ranges from 0 to 15 percent, by volume. Coarse fragments 
make up 5 to 35 percent, by volume, of the C horizon. In 
undisturbed areas, the Al horizon is dark brown or very 
dark grayish brown. The Ap horizon is brown, dark gray- 
ish brown, or dark brown loam, silt loam, or fine sandy 
loam. The B horizon is yellowish brown, strong brown, 
brown, or dark yellowish brown loam, silt loam, clay loam, 
silty clay loam, or fine sandy loam, Grayish mottles are 
below a depth of 30 inches. The C horizon is brown, yel- 
lowish brown, or brownish yellow mottled in shades of 
brown and gray. 


Ag—Allegheny loam. This is a deep, well drained 
soil on low terraces along streams in the mountains. 


It is in tracts of 2 to 10 acres. Slopes are 0 to 3 percent.. 


Included with this 801] in mapping were a few small 
areas where the surface layer and subsoil are gravelly. 
Also included were low spots where grayish mottles 
are between depths of 18 and 25 inches. 

This soil is productive and easy to work. It is suited 
to a wide range of crops, such as corn, small grain, hay, 
and pasture. Tobacco and alfalfa are not well suited 
because of rare flooding. Flooding restricts the poten- 
tialfor most urban use. Capability unit I-1; woodland 
group 207. 


Allen Series 


The Allen series consists of deep, well drained, loamy 
soils. These soils are on foot slopes and benches below 
steep hills and mountains. They formed in material 
that moved downslope from the higher mountains, 
mainly Starr Mountain. Slopes range from 5 to 25 
percent. 

In a representative profile the surface layer is dark 
grayish brown loam about 3 inches thick. The sub- 
surface layer is brown loam about 7 inches thick. The 
subsoil to a depth of 21 inches is yellowish brown and 
yellowish red, friable loam. Below this to a depth of 
80 inches it is yellowish red and red, friable clay loam. 
A few small fragments of sandstone are scattered 
throughout the soil. 

Allen soils are easy to work and respond well to 
management. These soils are strongly acid or very 
strongly acid throughout the profile. Where limed, the 


surface layer is less acid. Permeability is moderate, 
and the available water capacity is high. 
Most steeper areas of these soils are in forest. 
Cleared areas are used for row crops, hay, and pasture. 
Representative profile of Allen loam, 12 to 25 per- 
cent slopes: 


ጴ1--0 to 8 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loam; 
weak fine granular structure; very friable; common 
roots; few small fragments of sandstone; strongly 
acid; abrupt smooth boundary. 

A2—8 to 10 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loam; few fine 
faint pale brown mottles and common medium dis- 
tinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) mottles; weak 
fine granular structure; very friable; common roots; 
few small fragments of sandstone; strongly acid; clear 
wavy boundary. 

B1—10 to 15 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; 
common medium distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/6) 
mottles; weak fine subangular blocky structure part- 
ing to weak medium granular; friable; common roots; 
few small fragments of sandstone; strongly acid; 
clear smooth boundary. 

B21—15 to 21 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) loam; 
few fine faint pale brown mottles and few medium 
distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) mottles; weak 
fine and medium subangular blocky structure; fri- 
able; few roots; few small fragments of sandstone; 
very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. 

B22t—21 to 42 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) clay 
loam; few medium distinct strong brown (7.5 YR 5/6) 
and pale brown (10YR 6/3) mottles; weak fine and 
medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many 
discontinuous clay films; few small fragments of 
sandstone; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. 

B23t—42 to 52 inches; red (2.5YR 5/6) clay loam; streaks 
of yellowish red (5YR 4/6) and yellowish brown 
(10YR 5/4); weak medium subangular blocky struc- 
ture; friable; few thin discontinuous clay films; few 
fragments of sandstone as much as 6 inches across; 
very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. 

B24t—52 to 80 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) clay loam; few 
yellowish brown and pale brown sandy streaks; weak 
medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few 
thin discontinuous clay films on faces of peds; few 1- 
to 6-inch fragments of sandstone; very strongly acid. 


Depth to bedrock is 6 to 15 feet or more. Fragments of 
sandstone, 1 inch to 10 inches across, make up 0 to 15 
percent, by volume, of each horizon. The A2 or Ap horizon 
is brown, pale brown, or yellowish brown loam or fine 
sandy loam 5 to 10 inches thick. In severely eroded areas, 
the Ap horizon is strong brown or yellowish red clay loam. 
The B1 horizon is yellowish brown, strong brown, or yel- 
lowish red loam, clay loam, or sandy clay loam. The B2t 
horizon is yellowish red, red, or reddish yellow loam, sandy 
clay loam, or clay loam. 

AnC—Allen loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes. This deep, 
well drained soil is mainly on benches and foot slopes 
at the base of Starr Mountain. It formed in sediment 
moved downslope from soils underlain by sandstone. 
The surface layer is brown, very friable, and is about 
5 to 10 inches thick. The subsoil is dominantly yellow- 
ish red and red, friable clay loam several feet thick. 
Depth to bedrock is more than 6 feet. 

Included with this soil in mapping were small areas 
of 8 similar soil that has slopes of more than 12 per- 
cent. Also included were spots where the surface layer 
18- yellowish red clay loam because erosion has been 
severe. Some units include small areas of a 8011 that 18 
more than 15 percent cobblestones throughout the 
profile. 

This soil is suited to all crops commonly grown in 


Mounos County, TENNESSEE 17 


the county. The slope is the main management concern. 
Suitable erops are corn, soybeans, burley tobacco, small 
grain, and vegetables. Tall fescue, alfalfa, orchard- 
grass, white clover, red clover, and lespedeza are suit- 
able hay and pasture plants. The soil responds well to 
management. The potential is high for most urban 
use. Capability unit IIIe-3; woodland group 307. 

AnD—Allen loam, 12 to 25 percent slopes. This 
deep, well drained soil is on foot slopes, mainly at the 
base of Starr Mountain. It has the profile described as 
representative of the series. 

Included with this soil in mapping were patches of 
a severely eroded soil that has a yellowish red clay 
loam surface layer. Also included were small areas 
where slopes are more than 25 percent or less than 12 
percent and a few areas where the soil is more than 
15 percent sandstone fragments. 

The slope is the main limitation of this soil to farm- 
ing. The soil erodes easily if cultivated. It is suited to 
permanent pasture or woodland. Some suitable pasture 
plants are tall fescue, Midland bermudagrass, sericea 
lespedeza, white clover, and red clover. Because of the 
slope, the potential is medium for most urban use. 
Capability unit IVe-1; woodland group 307. 


Altavista Series 


The Altavista series consists of moderately well 
drained, loamy soils. These soils are on low terraces 
along streams in or near the mountains. They formed 
in sediment from a variety of rocks, including sand- 
stone, shale, phyllite, and slate. Elevation generally is 
1,000 to 2,000 feet. Slopes are 0 to 2 percent. 

In a representative profile the surface layer is dark 
grayish brown silt loam about 8 inches thick. The 
subsoil, to a depth of 34 inches, is yellowish brown, 
friable silt loam or silty clay loam mottled with gray 
in the lower part. The underlying material to a depth 
of 52 inches is yellowish brown gravelly loam mottled 
in shades of gray, brown, and yellow. A few pebbles 
are in the surface layer and increase to 20 percent, by 
volume, in the lower part of the profile. " 

Altavista soils respond well to good management. 
They are strongly acid throughout the profile. Where 
limed, the surface layer is less acid. Permeability is 
moderate, and the available water capacity is high. 

These soils are used mainly for corn, hay, and pas- 
ture. A few areas are in forest. 

Representative profile of Altavista silt loam: 

Ap—0 to 8 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)) silt 
loam; moderate medium granular structure; friable; 
few small gravel; many small roots; strongly acid; 
clear wavy boundary. 

Bi—8 to 14 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam; 
weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few 
small gravel, mainly quartzite; few roots; strongly 
acid; clear wavy boundary. 

B21t—14 to 24 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty 
clay loam; common medium strong brown (7.5YR 
5/6) and few fine faint gray mottles; moderate fine 
and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; 
few thin discontinuous clay films; few small shale, 
slate, and quartzite gravel; few fine roots; strongly 
acid; clear smooth boundary. 

B22t—24 to 34 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty 


clay loam; many medium light brownish gray (10YR 
6/2) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) mottles; moder- 
ate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; 
friable; many discontinuous clay films; few small 
gravel; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. 

C—34 to 52 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) gravelly 
loam; many medium to coarse distinct light brownish 
gray (10YR 6/2), strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and 
brown (7.5YR 4/4) mottles; weak fine subangular 
blocky structure; friable; 20 percent by volume coarse 
fragments, mainly siltstone, phyllite, slate, and quartz- 
ite gravel and an occasional cobble and angular stone; 
strongly acid. 


Coarse fragments, mainly waterworn gravel and cobbles, 
make up as much as 15 percent, by volume, of the A and 
B horizons and as much as 35 percent of the C horizon, 
Depth to bedrock ranges from 5 to 10 feet or more. Re- 
action is strongly acid. Where limed, the surface layer is 
less acid. The Ap horizon is dark grayish brown, brown, 
or yellowish brown. The B2t horizon is yellowish brown, 
light olive brown, brown, strong brown, dark yellowish 
brown, brownish yellow, or light yellowish brown. Gray 
mottles are within the upper 24 inches of the B2t horizon. 
The B2t horizon is silty clay loam, loam, or clay loam. 
The fine earth part of the C horizon ranges from loam 
to loamy sand. 

As—Altavista silt loam. This is a moderately well 
drained soil on low terraces along streams in or near 
the mountains in tracts of 2 to 10 acres. Slopes are 
0 to 2 percent. 

Included with this soil in mapping were small areas 

of a soil that does not have gray mottles. Also included 
were spots where the soil ig more than 15 percent 
gravel or coarse fragments throughout the profile. 
. The use of this soil is slightly limited by rare flood- 
ing and seasonal wetness. The soil is suited to most 
locally grown crops, except alfalfa, orchardgrass, small 
grain, and tobacco. The removal of excess water by 
open ditch or tile drainage broadens the use of this 
801] for farming. Because of the flooding and wetness, 
the potential is low for most urban use. Capability 
unit IIw-1; woodland group 2w8. 


Atkins Series 


The Atkins series consists of poorly drained, loamy 
soils on flood plains. These soils consist of sediment 
washed from mountains underlain by phyllite, slate, 
and sandstone. 

In a representative profile the surface layer is dark 
grayish brown silt loam about 6 inches thick. The sub- 
soil, to a depth of about 44 inches, is olive gray, friable 
loam and silt loam mottled in shades of brown and 
yellow. The underlying material to a depth of 60 inches 
e mottled gray and olive gray gravelly fine sandy 
oam. 

Atkins soils are occasionally flooded for short pe- 
riods, mainly in winter and spring. The water table 
stays near the surface for long periods during those 
seasons. The soils are strongly acid. Where limed, the 
surface layer is less acid. Permeability is moderate. 

These soils are used largely for pasture. Water- 
tolerant bushes grow in a few areas. 

Representative profile of Atkins silt loam: 

Ap—0 to 6 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt 


loam; many medium brown (7.5YR 4/4) stains along 
old root channels and common fine faint grayish 


18 SOIL SURVEY 


brown mottles; moderate medium granular structure; 
friable; many roots; strongly acid; clear smooth 
boundary. . 

B2g—6 to 24 inches; olive gray (5ኛ 5/2) silt loam; many 
medium distinct brown (7.5 YR 4/4) mottles and few 
fine dark gray mottles; weak fine subangular blocky 
structure; friable; many roots; strongly acid; gradual 
wavy boundary. 

B3g—24 to 44 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) loam; com- 
mon fine and medium distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) 
mottles and few medium distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) 
mottles; massive; friable; few roots; strongly acid; 
abrupt wavy boundary. I! 

Cg—44 to 60 inches; mottled gray (5Y 5/1) and olive 
gray (5Y 5/2) gravelly fine sandy loam; massive; 
very friable; 15 to 20 percent coarse fragments, 
mainly quartzite and phyllite gravel; strongly acid. 


Coarse fragments, mainly waterworn quartzite, phyllite, 
and sandstone gravel, make up as much as 15 percent, by 
volume, of the A and B horizons and as much as 40 per- 
cent of the C horizon. The A horizon is silt loam or loam. 
The Ap horizon is dark grayish brown, grayish brown, 
or dark gray. A few undisturbed areas have a very dark 
gray Al horizon 1 inch to 5 inches thick. The Bg horizon 
is mainly olive gray, gray, or light brownish gray silt 
loam, loam, fine sandy loam, or light silty clay loam. The 
C horizon is dominantly gray gravelly fine sandy loam, but 
is also stratified silt loam, loam, sandy loam, and gravel. 

At—-Atkins silt loam. This soil is in tracts of 2 to 3 
acres on flood plains of creeks and branches in the 
mountains. It is grayish and poorly drained. It is 
flooded occasionally, and the water table is near the 
surface for long periods during winter and spring. 
Slopes are 0 to 2 percent. Included in mapping were 
small areas of a slightly browner, better drained soil. 

Flooding and wetness are the main limitations to use. 
The soil is moderately permeable and can be drained 
by tile or open ditches. Drainage broadens its use to 
include such crops as corn and vegetables. Other crops, 
such as grain sorghum and soybeans, are better suited. 
Because of the wetness and occasional periods of flood- 
ing, the potential is low for such uses as dwellings, 
roadways, septic tank absorption systems, lagoons, and 
landfills. Capability unit IIIw-1; woodland group 2w9. 


Beason Series 


The Beason series consists of somewhat poorly 
drained soils. These soils formed in alluvium on low 
terraces and, to a lesser extent, on foot slopes and in 
depressions. Slopes are 0 to 2 percent. 

In a representative profile the surface layer is dark 
grayish brown, friable silt loam about 6 inches thick. 
The subsoil is 84 inches thick. It is yellowish brown, 
mottled silty clay loam in the upper part; yellowish 
brown, mottled clay in the next part; and gray, mot- 
tled clay in the lower part. The underlying material to 
a depth of 60 inches or more is light gray and strong 
brown silty clay loam. 

Beason soils are frequently flooded for brief periods. 
They are strongly acid throughout the profile. Where 
limed, the surface layer is less acid, Permeability is 
moderately slow, and the available water capacity is 
medium. 

These soils are used for corn, soybeans, hay, and 
pasture. i 

Representative profile of Beason silt loam: 


Ap—0 to 6 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt 


loam; weak fine granular structure; friable; strongly 
acid; abrupt smooth boundary. 

Bi—6 to 12 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty 
clay loam; few fine faint grayish brown mottles; mod- 
erate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; 
friable; few thin discontinuous clay films on faces of 
peds; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. 

B2t—12 to 30 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay; 
many coarse distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/6) and 
gray (5Y 6/1) mottles; moderate medium subangular 
blocky structure; firm; many thin discontinuous clay 
films on faces of peds; strongly acid; gradual smooth 
boundary. 

B3g—30 to 40 inches; gray (2.5Y 6/1) clay; many coarse 
distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) mottles; moderate 
medium subangular blocky structure; firm; strongly 
acid; gradual smooth boundary. 

Cg—40 to 60 inches; mottled light gray (10YR 7/1) and 
strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) silty clay loam; weak 
medium, subangular blocky structure; friable; strongly 
acid. 


The Ap horizon ranges from 5 to 9 inches in thickness. 
The B1 and B2t horizons are yellowish brown, brown, or 
light yellowish brown silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay. 
The B3g and Cg horizons are dominantly gray mottled in 
shades of brown and yellow or brown or yellowish brown 
morhed with gray. These horizons range from clay loam 
to clay. 


Ba—Beason silt loam. This is a somewhat poorly 
drained soil that has a clayey subsoil, It is in tracts of 
2 to 5 acres, mainly on low terraces. Slopes are 0 to 2 
percent. 

Included with this soil in mapping were a few spots 
where a fragipan has formed at a depth of about 2 feet. 
Also included were a few small areas where no grayish 
mottles occur in the upper 10 inches of the subsoil and 
a few areas where the upper part of the subsoil is 
dominantly gray. 

This soil is well suited to such crops as soybeans, tall 
fescue, grain sorghum, and annual lespedeza. Row 
crops can be grown every year because the soil is level 
and erosion is not a concern. If suitable outlets are 
available, a system of open ditches helps to remove 
the surface water and lower the water table. Improved 
drainage expands the use of the soil. The soil is too wet 
for such crops as small grain, tobacco, and alfalfa. 
Because of the wetness and flooding, the potential is 
low for such uses as septic tank absorption fields and 
sanitary landfills. Capability unit IIIw-3; woodland 
group 88. 


Bland Series 


The Bland series consists of well drained soils that 
formed in material weathered from reddish, argil- 
laceous limestone. In many places these soils occur as 
small patches between massive outcrops of reddish 
rock. Between the rocks, the soil is 20 to 40 inches 
deep. In some places the rocks have been exposed by 
the soil sliding off the bedrock and moving downslope. 
Slopes are 10 to 50 percent. 

In a representative profile the surface layer is dark 
reddish gray silt loam about 5 inches thick. The subsoil 
is weak red and reddish brown, firm and very firm, 
plastic clay that extends to the bedrock at a depth of 
25 inches. 

Bland soils are strongly acid, but range to neutral in 
the layer just above bedrock. The available water ca- 


Monroe County, TENNESSEE 19 


pacity is medium to low, and permeability is moder- 
ately slow. 

These soils are used largely for unimproved pasture. 
Much of the acreage is in forest, most of which is 
second growth. Some of the acreage is idle. 

Representative profile of Bland silt loam, 25 to 50 
percent slopes: 

Ap—O0 to 5 inches; dark reddish gray (5YR 4/2) silt 
loam; moderate medium and fine subangular blocky 
structure; friable; many roots; strongly acid; clear 
smooth boundary. 

B21t—5 to 8 inches; weak red (2.5YR 4/2) clay; strong 
medium subangular blocky structure; firm, plastic; 
common roots; few thin discontinuous clay films on 
the faces of peds; strongly acid; clear smooth 
boundary. 

B22t—8 to i3 inches; reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) clay; 
strong medium subangular blocky structure; very firm 
and plastic; common roots; few small fragments of 
reddish limestone; common thin discontinuous clay 
films on faces of peds; strongly acid; gradual smooth 
boundary. 

B23t—13 to 25 inches; weak red (2.5YR 4/2) clay; strong 
medium subangular blocky structure; very firm and 
plastic; few roots; common small fragments of red- 
dish limestone; few thin discontinuous clay films on 
faces of peds; medium acid. 

R—25 inches; reddish argillaceous limestone. 


Depth to bedrock ranges from 20 to 40 inches. The Ap 
horizon is dark reddish gray, reddish brown, or weak red 
silt loam or silty clay loam 4 to 7 inches thick. In a few 
severely eroded places it is yellowish red silty clay or clay. 
The B horizon is weak red, red, reddish brown, or yellow- 
ish red clay or silty clay. 

BdD—Bland silt loam, 10 to 25 percent slopes. This 
well drained soil is in tracts of 5 to 20 acres. The sur- 
face layer is dark reddish gray or reddish brown and 
is 4 to 6 inches thick. The subsoil is red or weak red, 
very firm or firm, plastic clay or silty clay that extends 
to rock. Depth to argillaceous limestone is 20 to 40 
inches. 

Included with this soil in mapping were a few se- 
verely eroded areas where the surface layer is clay, a 
few areas where depth to bedrock is less than 20 inches, 
and some areas of rock outcrops. Also included were 
some hilltops where slopes are less than 10 percent and 
a few areas where the subsoil is clay loam. 

This soil is suited to pasture and woodland. It is 
poorly suited to row crops because of the strong slope, 
the medium to low available water capacity, and the 
rapid erosion in cultivated areas. Tall fescue and ber- 
mudagrass are the best suited grasses. Eastern red- 
cedar, Virginia pine, and loblolly pine are suggested for 
planting. Because of the slope, the moderate depth over 
rock, and the moderately slow permeability, the poten- 
tial is low for most urban use. Capability unit VIe-2; 
woodland group 3c2. 

BdE—Bland silt loam, 25 to 50 percent slopes. This 
steep, well drained soil is mainly on hillsides in tracts 
of 5 to 30 acres. It formed in material weathered from 
reddish, argillaceous limestone. It has the profile de- 
scribed as representative of the series. 

Included with this soil in mapping were a few out- 
crops of reddish, argillaceous limestone. Also included 
were a few areas of a soil that is 40 to 50 inches deep 
over rock and has a loam and clay loam subsoil. 


This soil is best suited to woodland. Pasture is diffi- 
cult to establish. and maintain because of the steep 
slopes. Loblolly pine, Virginia pine, and eastern red- 
cedar are suggested for planting. Because of the steep 
slopes and the moderate depth over rock, the potential 
is low for most urban use. Capability unit VIIe-2; 
woodland group 3c8. 

BnE—Bland-Rock outcrop complex, 25 to 50 percent 
slopes. This mapping unit consists of small areas of 
Bland soils and Rock outcrop that are so intermingled 
they could not be separated at the scale selected for 
mapping. It is on hillsides. Areas are about 3 to 15 
acres in size. 

Bland soils make up about 40 to 65 percent of the 
unit. The surface layer is dark reddish gray silt loam 
about 5 inches thick. The subsoil is weak red and red- 
dish brown plastic clay that extends to the bedrock at 
a depth of 25 inches. These soils are strongly acid, but 
range from medium acid to neutral in the layer just 
above bedrock. Permeability is moderately slow, and 
the available water capacity is medium to low. 

Rock outcrop of reddish, argillaceous limestone 
makes up to 25 to 45 percent of the unit. It occurs as 
narrow bands generally parallel to the slopes. 

Included with: this unit in mapping were several 
small areas of a soil less than 20 inches deep over bed- 
rock and a few small severely eroded areas where the 
surface layer is silty clay or clay. Also included were a 
few narrow bands of a soil that is loam or clay loam 
throughout. 

Most of this mapping unit is in forest. Eastern red- 
cedar, Virginia pine, and mixed hardwoods are domin- 
ant. The potential is low for farming and urban use. 
Steep slopes, shallowness over bedrock, and rock out- 
crops are severe limitations. Capability unit VIIs-1; 
woodland group 4x3. 


Brookshire Series 


The Brookshire series consists of deep, well drained, 
loamy soils. These soils are on foot slopes and in coves 
in the mountains. They formed in sediment that moved 
downslope from 80118 weathered chiefly from sandstone, 
phyllite, and slate. Elevation is about 1,800 to 4,000 
feet. Slopes are 20 to 40 percent. 

In a representative profile the surface layer is very 
dark grayish brown and dark brown loam about 8 
inches thick. Below this to a depth of 52 inches is 
brown and dark yellowish brown, friable loam that is 
gravelly in the lower part. Common small fragments of 
phyllite and sandstone are scattered throughout the 
profile. Partly weathered sandstone or quartzite is at a 
depth of 52 inches and extends to hard sandstone at a 
depth of 58 inches. 

Brookshire soils are strongly acid throughout the 
profile. The available water capacity is high, and per- 
meability is moderate or moderately rapid. 

The soils are among the best suited in the county to 
trees. Practically all the acreage is high-quality forest. 

Representative profile of Brookshire loam, 20 to 40 
percent slopes: 


ል11---0 to 8 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) 


20 SOIL SURVEY 


loam; moderate fine granular structure; very friable; 
many roots; common dark sandstone and phyllite 
fragments as much as 2 inches across; strongly acid; 
clear smooth boundary. 

A12—8 to 8 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) loam; mod- 
erate medium granular structure; very friable; many 
roots; common phyllite and dark sandstone fragments 
as much as 2 inches across; strongly acid; clear 
smooth boundary. 

B1—8 to 16 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) loam, few coat- 
ings and streaks of dark brown (10YR 3/3); weak 
medium subangular blocky structure; friable; com- 
mon roots; common phyllite and dark sandstone frag- 
ments as much as 2 inches across; strongly acid; grad- 
ual smooth boundary. 

B2—16 to 86 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) loam; weak me- 
dium subangular blocky structure; friable; common 
roots; common phyllite and dark sandstone fragments 
as much as 2 inches across; strongly acid; clear 
smooth boundary. 

C—86 to 52 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) 
gravelly loam; massive; friable; few roots; about 25 
percent soft and hard dark sandstone and phyllite 
fragments as much as 4 inches across; strongly acid; 
gradual wavy boundary. 

R1—52 to 58 inches; partly weathered dark sandstone or 
weakly metamorphosed quartzite; dark yellowish 
brown loam coating rock fragments and extending into 
cracks; soft part of rock crushes into brown (10YR 
5/8) sandy loam. 

R2—58 inches; hard sandstone rock. 


Depth to hard bedrock ranges from about 3% to 6 
feet or more. The solum ranges from 30 to 55 inches in 
thickness. Coarse fragments of sandstone, conglomerate, 
slate, phyllite, and quartzite make up about 10 to 80 per- 
cent, by volume, of the A and B horizons and from about 
10 to 40 percent of the C horizon. The A horizon is very 
dark grayish brown or dark brown silt loam or loam 6 to 
10 inches thick. The B horizon is brown or dark yellowish 
brown silty loam or loam. The C horizon is dark yellowish 
brown, brown, or yellowish brown loam or silt loam. 

, BrE—Brookshire loam, 20 to 40 percent slopes. This 
isa deep, well drained soil on the lower parts of moun- 
tainsides. Typically, it is in coves or covelike positions 
below steep mountains underlain mainly by sandstone, 
phyllite, or slate. Included in mapping were some areas 
that have numerous cobblestones on the surface and 
throughout the profile. 

Practically all the acreage is forest. Yellow-poplar, 
northern red oak, sugar maple, yellow birch, and white 
pine are dominant. A very small part, generally the 
less sloping areas, is used for pasture and provides 
wildlife openings. The slope is the main limitation and 
restricts the potential of the soil for uses other than 
woodland. Roadbanks are unstable and subject to land- 
slides if cuts are made. Capability unit VIe-1; woodland 
group 2r8. 


Calvin Series 


The Calvin series consists of moderately deep, shaly, 
and excessively drained soils. These soils are on hill- 
sides and ridgetops. They formed in material weather- 
ed from maroon or reddish shale. Slopes are 5 to 40 
percent. 

In a representative profile the surface layer is dark 
reddish brown silt loam about 8 inches thick. Below 
this is reddish brown shaly silt loam that extends to 
shale bedrock at a depth of about 22 inches. 

Calvin soils are low in natural fertility and are 


strongly acid, except where limed. Response to man- 
agement is poor. The available water capacity is low, 
and permeability is moderately rapid. Runoff is me- 
dium to rapid. | 

These soils are used mainly for pasture and wood- 
land. 

Representative profile of Calvin silt loam, 20 to 40 
percent slopes: 

A1—0 to 3 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) silt 
loam; weak medium granular structure; very friable; 
many roots; 10 percent by volume fragments of red- 
dish shale; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. 

B1—3 to 10 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/3 shaly silt 
loam; moderate fine granular structure; friable; many 
roots; 15 percent by volume fragments of reddish 
shale; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. 

B2—10 to 14 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/3) shaly silt 
loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; 
few roots; 50 percent by volume fragments of reddish 
shale; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. 

C—14 to 22 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) shaly silt 
loam; massive; friable;. about 75 percent by volume 
fragments of reddish shale; strongly acid. 

R—22 inches; reddish shale. 


The A horizon is dark reddish brown or reddish brown 
silt loam, loam, or shaly silt loam 3 to 6 inches thick. The 
B horizon is reddish brown, dark reddish brown, or dusky 
red shaly silty clay loam or shaly silt loam. Depth to rock 
is about 24 inches in most places but ranges from 20 to 
40 inches. The content of reddish shale fragments ranges 
from 5 to 20 percent by volume, in the A horizon, 25 to 
55 percent in the B2 horizon, and 40 to 80 percent in the 
C horizon. 

CaD—Calvin silt loam, 5 to 20 percent slopes. This 
moderately deep, well drained, shaly soil is on narrow 
ridgecaps, chiefly in the Rural Vale community. The 
surface layer is reddish brown or dark reddish brown 
silt loam or loam about 8 to 6 inches thick. The subsoil 
is reddish brown, dark reddish brown, or dusky red 
shaly silt loam or shaly silty clay loam that is 25 to 50 
percent reddish shale fragments. 

Included with this soil in mapping on foot slopes and 
along narrow drainageways were small areas of a soil 
that is more than 40 inches deep over rock. Also in- 
cluded were some small areas where the surface layer 
is more than 15 percent shale fragments, a few areas 
where shallow gullies have formed, and some small 
areas on the points of ridges where the soil is less than 
20 inches deep over bedrock. 

The slope, the content of shale, and the low available 
water capacity limit the use of this soil for farming. 
Tall fescue, sericea lespedeza, and bermudagrass are 
some of the best suited pasture plants. The shale rock 
is p bedded and nearly. impervious to water and 
roots. 

This soil is best suited to trees, mainly Virginia pine, 
loblolly pine, and shortleaf pine. Hardwoods, such as 
southern red oak, redbud, sugar maple, and hickory, 
are only fairly well suited. Because of the slope and the 
moderate depth over shale bedrock, the potential is 
low for most urban use. Capability unit Vle-8; wood- 
land group 4f3. 

CaE— Calvin silt loam, 20 to 40 percent slopes. This 
moderately deep, well drained, shaly soil is on steep 
hillsides in areas underlain by maroon shale. It has the 
profile described as representative of the series. The 


Monroe County, TENNESSEE 21 


surface layer is reddish brown and is 3 to 6 inches 
thick. The subsoil is reddish brown, dark reddish 
brown, or dusky red shaly silty clay loam or shaly silt 
loam. Maroon or reddish shale bedrock is at a depth of 
ተቸ 22 inches, but the depth ranges from 20 to 40 
inches. 


Included with this soil in mapping were small areas - 


where the soil is less than 20 inches deep over bedrock. 
Also included were a few shallow gullies and a few 
spots where the soil material has washed away and 
exposed the bedrock. 

'The steep slopes, the moderate depth over rock, and 
the low available water capacity are severe limitations 
to farming. Pasture is diffieult to establish, and re- 
sponse to management is low. Tall fescue, sericea lespe- 
deza, and bermudagrass are suited. 

This soil is best suited to trees, mainly loblolly pine, 
shortleaf pine, and Virginia pine. Deep cuts can result 
in massive landslides. The potential is low for urban 
use. Capability unit VIIe-2; woodland group 475. 


Cataska Series 


The Cataska series consists of moderately deep, ex- 
cessively drained soils that formed in material weath- 
ered from phyllite or slate. These soils are on mountain- 
sides. Elevation is 2,000 to 4,500 feet. Slopes are 35 to 
75 percent. 

In a representative profile the surface layer is very 
dark grayish brown channery silt loam 1 inch thick. 
The subsurface layer is dark grayish brown channery 
silt loam 5 inches thick. The subsoil, to a depth of 16 
inches, is yellowish brown channery silt loam that is 
65 percent, by volume, phyllite fragments. Below this 
is soft phyllite that has seams and cracks filled with 
yellowish brown silt loam. Hard rock is at a depth of 
28 inches. 

Cataska soils are strongly acid or very strongly acid. 
Permeability is moderate, and the available water ca- 
pacity is low or very low. 

Practically all the acreage is forest. 

Representative profile of Cataska channery silt loam, 
in an area of Cataska-Rock outcrop complex, 35 to 75 
percent slopes: 


O2— 14 inch to 0; nearly black partly decomposed organic 
mat of hardwood leaves and pine needles. 

A1—0 to 1 inch; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) 
channery silt loam; weak fine granular structure; 
very friable; many roots; abrupt smooth boundary. 

A2—1 inch to 6 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) 
channery silt loam; weak medium and fine granular 
structure; friable; many roots; about 25 percent by 
volume fragments of phyllite less than % inch thick 
and ranging from 1 inch to 4 inches long; strongly 
acid; clear wavy boundary. 

B2—6 to 16 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) chan- 
nery silt loam; weak medium and fine subangular 
blocky and medium granular structure; friable; com- 
mon roots; about 65 percent by volume of fragments 
of phyllite as much as % inch thick and 1 inch to 8 
inches long; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. 

C—16 to 28 inches; nearly vertically tilted phyllite rock; 
can be removed with hard tools; narrow occasional 
cracks less than !4 inch wide filled with yellowish 
brown (10YR 5/6) silt loam; few large roots; some 
partings in the tilted rocks have only films or coatings 
of soil material on the rocks; strongly acid. 


R—28 inches; hard fractured phyllite. 


Depth to hard bedrock ranges from 20 to 40 inches. Soft 
rock is at a depth of less than 20 inches. The content of 
slate or phyllite fragments ranges from 25 to 75 percent 
in each horizon. The A2 horizon is dark grayish brown, 
grayish brown, or brown. The B horizon is yellowish brown, 
dark yellowish brown, brown, or strong brown, The~C 
horizon is similar in color and texture to the B horizon. 

CcF—Cataska-Rock outcrop complex, 35 to 75 per- 
cent slopes. This mapping unit consists of small areas 
of Cataska soil and Rock outcrop that are so inter- 
mingled they could not be separated at the scale se- 
lected for mapping. It is in the Unaka Mountains, 
mostly on the crests of ridges, in gorges, and on side 
slopes adjacent to streams. Elevation ranges from 
about 2,000 to 4,500 feet. 

The Cataska soil makes up about 45 to 65 percent of 
the unit. It has the profile described as representative 
of the Cataska series. Permeability is moderate, and 
the available water capacity is low to very low. The 
soil is strongly acid or very strongly acid. 

Rock outcrop of phyllite and slate makes up 25 to 40 
percent of the unit. 

Included with this unit in mapping were small areas 
of Syleo, Ditney, and Unicoi soils. Also included on 
ridgetops were some small areas where slopes are less 
than 35 percent. 

Most of the acreage is forest. The potential is low for 
farming and urban use. The steep slopes, rock outcrop, 
and shallowness over bedrock are severe limitations. 
Capability unit VIIs-1; woodland group 5f3. 


Chagrin Series 


The Chagrin series consists of deep, well drained, 
loamy soil on bottom land of creeks and rivers. These 
soils formed in sediment washed from soils underlain 
by limestone, shale, phyllite, and slate. Slopes are less 
than 2 percent. I 

In a representative profile the soil is brown, friable 
silt loam to a depth of 50 inches or more. À few peb- 
bles are scattered throughout the soil. 

Chagrin soils are medium acid to neutral throughout 
the profile. They are oceasionally flooded, generally for 
only a few hours and most commonly late in winter and 
early in spring. Permeability is moderate, and the 
available water eapacity is high. 

These soils are used for corn, tobacco, vegetables, 
hay, and pasture. They are among the most productive 
soils in the county. 

Representative profile of Chagrin silt loam: 

Ap—0 to 10 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; weak 
fine granular structure; very friable; neutral; clear 
smooth boundary. 

B—10 to 28 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; ped 
coatings of dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4); moder- 
ate fine and medium granular structure; friable; 
slightly acid; few pebbles; gradual wavy boundary. 

C—28 to 50 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; few 
medium faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) mot- 
tles; weak fine and medium granular structure; fri- 
able; slightly acid. 

The Ap horizon is brown or dark grayish brown, friable 

silt loam or fine sandy loam 7 to 12 inches thick. The B 

and C horizons are brown or yellowish brown silt loam, 

loam, or fine sandy loam. Mottles in shades of brown and 


22 SOIL SURVEY 


gray range from none to common below a depth of 24 
inches and become more numerous below a depth of 80 
inches. The content of gravel in the soil ranges from 
none to about 10 percent, by volume. 

Cg—Chagrin silt loam. This is a deep, well drained 
soil. It is in tracts of mostly 2 to 5 acres on the first 
bottoms of creeks and rivers. Slopes range from 0 to 
2 percent. 

Included with this soil in mapping were a few small, 
low-lying areas of a soil that has gray mottles between 
depths of 12 to 24 inches, Also included were a few 
small areas along drainageways of a soil that is red- 
dish and a few areas where slopes are more than 2 
percent. 

This is one of the most productive soils in the county. 
It is well suited to row crops every year. Occasional 
flooding is the main concern in use and management. 
All crops commonly grown are well suited. Because of 
flooding, the potential is low for most urban use. Capa- 
bility unit I-1; woodland group 207. 


Christian Series 


The Christian series consists of deep, well drained 
soils. These soils formed in material weathered from 
shale that contains appreciable amounts of sand. The 
landscape is one of moderately high, rounded hills dis- 
sected by deep, crooked drainageways or hollows. The 
soils most commonly are next to Dandridge and Tellico 
soils. Slopes are 8 to 25 percent. 

In a representative profile the surface layer is brown 
loam about 8 inches thick. The subsoil is about 47 
inches thick. It is yellowish red, friable clay loam in 
the upper part; yellowish red, firm clay in the next 
part; and mottled yellowish red, firm shaly clay loam 
in the lower part. Sandy shale is at a depth of 55 
inches. 

Christian soils erode easily and rapidly if cultivated. 
They are strongly acid or very strongly acid. Where 
limed, the surface layer is less acid. Permeability is 
moderate, and the available water capacity is medium. 

These soils are used mostly for pasture. Much of the 
acreage is idle or is in hardwood-and pine trees and 
bushes. 

Representative profile of Christian loam, 3 to 12 per- 
cent slopes: 

Ap—0 to 8 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loam; weak medium 
and fine granular structure; very friable; many roots; 
strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. 

B1—8 to 18 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) clay loam; 
moderate medium and fine subangular blocky struc- 
ture; friable; common roots; few thin discontinuous 
clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid; clear smooth 


boundary. 
B21t—13 to 21 inches; yellowish red (BYR 5/6) clay loam: 


strong medium subangular blocky structure; firm; . 


common roots; few discontinuous clay films on faces 
of peds; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. 

B22t—21 to 26 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) clay; 
few fine faint strong brown and yellowish brown mot- 
tles; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; 
firm; few roots; few thin discontinuous clay films on 
faces of peds; very strongly acid; gradual smooth 
boundary, 

B28t—26 to 44 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) clay; 
few fine and medium faint yellowish brown and red 


mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky struc- 
ture; firm; few fine roots; few thin discontinuous clay 
films on faces of peds; very strongly acid; gradual 
smooth boundary. 

B3—44 to 55 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) shaly clay 
loam; common medium distinct yellowish brown 
(10YR 5/6) and red (2.5YR 5/6) mottles; weak me- 
dium subangular blocky structure, some of which 
parts along shale bedding planes; firm; about 25 per- 
cent by volume fragments of soft sandy shale ; very 
strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. 

R—55 to 70 inches; soft brownish and yellowish sandy 
Shale; can be dug with a spade. 


The A horizon is brown or light yellowish brown loam 
or fine sandy loam 4 to 8 inches thick. In severely eroded 
areas, it is strong brown or yellowish red clay loam. The 
B1 horizon is strong brown or yellowish red loam or clay 
loam. The B2 and B3 horizons are yellowish red or red 
clay loam or clay. The content of soft shale fragments 
ranges from 10 to 85 percent in the B3 horizon. Depth 
to sandy shale ranges from 4 to 7 feet. 


ChC—Christian loam, 3 to 12 percent slopes. This 
well drained soil is mainly on the tops of hills and is 
deep over rock. Most areas are less than 6 acres in size. 
The soil has the profile described as representative of 
the series. The surface layer ranges from 4 to 8 inches 
in thickness. Included in mapping were a few areas of 
a soil that is about 20 to 80 inches deep over shale. 

More than 50 percent of the acreage is idle and 
under bushy vegetation. Because most areas are small 
and irregular in shape, they are not suitable for use.as 
separate fields. The soil, however, is suited to most of 
the locally grown crops, such as corn, tobacco, small 
grain, tall fescue, orchardgrass, and white clover. The 
hazard of erosion is the main limitation to cultivation. 
The potential is medium for most urban use. Capability 
unit IIIe-3; woodland group 307. 

ChD—Christian loam, 12 to 25 percent slopes. This 
soil is on fairly short hillsides in tracts of 5 to 20 acres. 
It formed in material weathered from shale that con- 
tains appreciable amounts of sand. The surface layer is 
brown, friable, and 4 to 8 inches thick. The subsoil is 
yellowish red clay loam or clay. Depth to sandy shale 
rock is about 4 to 7 feet. 

Included with this soil in mapping were a few very 
small areas of a soil that is about 20 to 30 inches deep 
over shale. Also included were numerous small, severely 
eroded areas that have a yellowish red clay loam sur- 
face layer. 

The slope and high erodibility are the main conside- 
rations in the use and management of this soil. If 
cultivated or disturbed, the loamy surface layer erodes 
rapidly. The soil is not suited to cultivated crops ከው ' 
cause it is susceptible to erosion. It is suited to hay 
and pasture if adequately fertilized. Tall fescue, ber- 
mudagrass, white clover, annual lespedeza, and sericea 
lespedeza are suited. The potential is medium or low 
for most urban use. Capability unit IVe-1; woodland 
group 307, 

CnD3— Christian clay loam, 12 to 25 percent slopes, 
severely eroded. This moderately steep soil is in tracts 
of 8 to 6 acres on hillsides. It is deep, well drained, and 
is about 4 to 5 feet deep over sandy shale rock, The 
surface layer is yellowish red and is 4 to 6 inches thick. 
The subsoil is yellowish red clay loam or clay. 


Mowrog County, TENNESSEE 23 


Included with this soil in mapping were spots where 
3 or 4 inches of the surface layer is the original brown 
loam. Also included were some areas where a few shal- 
low gullies have formed and a few where the soil is 
about 15 to 30 inches deep over shale rock. 

This soil is fairly well suited to hay or pasture. Tall 
fescue, bermudagrass, white clover, and sericea lespe- 
deza are suited. Fertilizer requirements are high. Be- 
cause of the moderately steep slopes and the hazard of 
further erosion, this soil is poorly suited to tilled crops. 
Much of the acreage is idle or is reverting to woodland. 
The soil is best suited to trees, particularly Virginia 
pine and loblolly pine. The potential is low for urban 
use. Capability unit VIe-1; woodland group 4ር86. 


Citico Series 


The Citico series consists of deep, well drained, 
loamy soils in the mountains. These soils formed in 
material that crept downslope over a long period of 
time. They are in coves and on the lower parts of steep 
mountainsides underlain by phyllite or slate rock. 
Slopes range from about 20 percent on the foot slopes 
or benchlike positions to about 40 percent on the steep- 
est mountainsides. 

In a representative profile the surface layer is very 
dark grayish brown and brown channery silt loam 
about 7 inches thick. Below this is yellowish brown and 
brown, friable channery silt loam that extends to phy- 
llite bedrock at a depth of 48 inches. Channers or thin 
flat phyllite and slate fragments range from less than 
1 inch to about 4 inches in length. 

Citico soils are strongly acid. The available water 
capacity is high, and permeability is moderate. 

Nearly all the acreage is high-quality forest, chiefly 
yellow-poplar, white oak, northern red oak, sugar 
maple, red maple, hickory, white pine, and hemlock. 

Representative profile of Citico channery silt loam, 
20 to 40 percent slopes: 


01—2 inches to 1 inch; pine needles and hardwood leaves 
and twigs. 

O2—1 inch to 0; black organic mat of partly decomposed 
leaf litter. 

A1—0 to 2 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) 
channery silt loam; moderate medium granular struc- 
ture; friable; many roots; about 15 percent by volume 
fragments of thin phyllite as much as 2 inches long; 
strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. 

A3-—2 to 7 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) channery silt loam; 
moderate medium granular and weak fine subangular 
blocky structure; friable; many roots; about 15 per- 
cent by volume fragments of phyllite as much as 3 
inches long and % inch thick; strongly acid; gradual 
wavy boundary. 

B2—7 to 19 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) chan- 
nery silt loam; weak medium subangular blocky struc- 
ture; friable; common roots; about 20 percent by vol- 
ume fragments of phyllite 85 much as 3 inches long 
and !4 inch thick; strongly acid; gradual wavy 
boundary. 

B3—19 to 38 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) chan- 
nery silt loam; weak medium subangular blocky struc- 
ture; friable; common roots; 20 percent by volume 
fragments of phyllite as much as 4 inches long and VW 
inch thick; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. 

C-—38 to 48 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) channery silt loam; 
massive; friable; few roots; 40 percent by volume 


fragments of phyllite as much as 12 inches long and 1 
inch thick; strongly acid. 
R-—48 inches; hard phyllite rock. 


Depth to bedrock, largely phyllite, ranges from 40 to 
60 inches. The content of coarse phyllite and slate frag- 
ments ranges from 15 to 35 percent in the A and B hori- 
zons and from 15 to 45 percent in the C horizon. The 
soil is strongly acid. The A horizon is channery silt loam 
or channery loam. The B horizon is yellowish brown, 
brown, strong brown, or dark yellowish brown channery 
silt loam. The C horizon is similar to the B horizon in 
color and texture, but in some places it contains a few 
grayish brown or yellowish red mottles. 

CtE—Citico channery silt loam, 20 to 40 percent 
slopes. This is a deep, well drained soil on the lower 
mountainsides, typically in concave areas and in coves. 
The surface layer is brown and the subsoil is yellowish 
brown, friable channery silt loam. The flagstones con- 
sist mainly of thin, flat phyllite, but some are sandstone 
and quartzite. Included in mapping were soils where 
slopes are more than 40 percent or less than 20 percent. 

Most of the acreage of this productive soil is forest. 
Yellow-poplar, white oak, northern red oak, sugar 
maple, red maple, hickory, white pine, and hemlock are 
dominant. A few of the smoother slopes are suited to 
hay and pasture. Because of the steep slopes, the poten- 
tial is low for most farm and urban use. Capability unit 
VIe-1; woodland group 2r8. 


Dandridge Series 


The Dandridge series consists of shallow, excessively 
drained, shaly soils. These soils are on highly dissected 
hills and ridges. They formed in material weathered 
from calcareous shale. The soils are locally called 
“black slate land." Slopes are 5 to about 60 percent. 

In a representative profie the surface layer is dark 
grayish brown shaly silty clay loam about 6 inches 
thick. The subsoil is yellowish brown shaly silty clay 
about 8 inches thick. Caleareous shale is at a depth of 
14 inches. 

Dandridge soils are rather difficult to work, but are 
fairly responsive to good management. They are 
slightly acid, neutral, or mildly alkaline. Permeability 
is moderately slow, and the available water capacity is 
low. 

These soils are used mainly for pasture. Small 
patches of corn, hay, and tobacco are also grown. 
About one-fourth of the acreage is in forest. 

Representative profile of Dandridge shaly silty clay 
loam, 5 to 20 percent slopes: 

Ap—0 to 6 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) shaly 
silty clay loam; moderate and strong medium granular 
structure; friable; many fine roots; 20 percent by 
volume fragments of shale; neutral; clear wavy 
boundary. 

B—6 to 14 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) shaly 
silty elay; moderate medium subangular blocky struc- 
ture; firm; common fine roots; 45 percent by volume 
fragments of calcareous shale; neutral; clear wavy 
boundary. 

R1—14 to 17 inches; calcareous shale and a few thin 
coatings of brownish clayey soil material on shale 
fragments and seams extending into cracks. 

R2—17 inches; hard calcareous shale bedrock. 


The Ap horizon is dark grayish brown, brown, or yel- 
lowish brown shaly silt loam or shaly silty clay loam 4 


24 SOIL SURVEY 


to 6 inches thick. Fragments of shale, 1 inch to 5 inches 
in diameter, make up as much as 15 to 50 percent of all 
horizons. In wooded areas, the A horizon is dark grayish 
brown shaly silt loam about 2 inches thick. The B horizon 
is yellowish brown, strong brown, or dark yellowish brown 
shaly silty clay loam or shaly silty clay. Depth to shale 
bedrock is 6 to 20 inches. 

DaD—Dandridge shaly silty clay loam, 5 to 20 per- 
cent slopes. This soil is mainly on the tops of high 
hills. It formed in material weathered from calcareous 
shale, which is locally called “black slate." The soil is 
about 6 to 20 inches deep over hard shale rock. It has 
the profile described as representative of the series. 

Included with this soil in mapping were small areas 
where the surface layer is shaly silty clay and a few 
areas where it is shaly silt loam. Also included on broad 
hilltops were a few nearly level spots of soils that have 
& fragipan. 

This soil is best suited to pasture and some hay crops. 
Plants generally make good growth during spring when 
moisture is plentiful, but growth is very limited in 
summer, Tall fescue, white clover, sericea lespedeza, 
and bermudagrass are best suited. The soil erodes 
easily if cultivated. Suitable trees are Virginia pine, 
white pine, and eastern redcedar. Fields left idle gener- 
ally revert to Virginia pine and eastern redcedar. 

Because of the moderately slow permeability, this 
soil is suited as sites for ponds or lakes, but fill material 
for the dam is frequently scarce. Because the soil is 
shallow over bedrock, the potential is low for most 
urban use. Capability unit VIe-3; woodland group 4d2. 

DaE—Dandridge shaly silty clay loam, 20 to 35 per- 
cent slopes. This steep soil is on rounded hillsides. It 
is about 6 to 20 inches deep over hard calcareous shale. 
The surface layer is brown shaly silty clay loam 4 to 6 
inches thick. The subsoil is yellowish brown shaly silty 
clay. Fragments of soft and hard shale, 1 inch to 5 
inches long, make up about 50 percent of the soil, by 
volume. 

Included. with this soil in mapping were some very 
small areas of a soil that is 20 to 30 inches deep and has 
a yellowish red subsoil. Also included were a few spots 
where the soft shale is exposed. 

This soil is fairly well suited to pasture. Tall fescue, 
bluegrass, and sericea lespedeza make good growth in 
spring and early in summer. Because of the low avail- 
able water capacity, pasture is highly susceptible to 
overgrazing. The steep slopes and the hazard of erosion 
are the main limitations to cultivation. The soil is suited 
to trees, mainly oak, hickory, locust, pine, and cedar. 
Virginia pine and redcedar seed voluntarily in idle 
fields, The potential is low for urban use, such as dwell- 
ings, septic tank absorption fields, and local roads. 
Capability unit VIe-3; woodland group 403. 

DaF—-Dandridge shaly silty clay loam, 35 to 60 per- 
cent slopes. This very steep soil is on dissected shale 
hillsides. Some areas adjacent to creeks form bluffs. 
The soil is about 6 to 20 inches deep over calcareous 
shale rock, and fragments of shale are throughout the 
soil. The surface layer is brown and is 4 to 6 inches 
thick. The subsoil is yellowish brown sandy silty clay 
that extends to bedrock. 

Included with this soil in mapping were & few spots 


of a soil that has ይ yellowish red subsoil and is 20 to 30 
inches deep over rock. Also included were a few areas 
of a similar soil that formed in residuum from sandy 
shale. In these areas the surface layer is loam. 

Practically all areas are forested and the soil is well 
suited to this use. Low-quality Virginia pine and east- 
ern redcedar are dominant. The potential is low for 
most farm and urban use. Capability unit VIIe-2; 
woodland group 408. 


Decatur Series 


The Decatur series consists of deep, well drained 
soils. These soils are on low hills in the limestone valley 
uplands. They formed either in deep noncherty lime- 
stone residuum or in old alluvium. Slopes are 2 to 20 
percent. 

In a representative profile the surface layer is dark 
reddish brown silt loam about 6 inches thick. The upper 
8 inches of the subsoil is dark reddish brown silty clay 
loam, and the lower 58 inches is dark red clay. Lime- 
stone bedrock is at a depth of more than 6 feet. 

Decatur soils are fairly easy to work and respond 
well to good management. They are strongly acid or 
very strongly acid throughout the profile. Where limed, 
the surface layer is less acid. Permeability is moderate, - 
and the available water capacity is medium. 

These soils are used for corn and tobacco and are 
especially well suited to small grain, hay, and pasture. 

Representative profile of Decatur silt loam, 2 to 5 
percent slopes: 


Ap—0 to 6 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2) silt 
loam; weak medium granular structure; friable; 
many medium and fine roots; medium acid; abrupt 
smooth boundary. 

B1—6 to 14 inches; dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) silty 
clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky struc- 
ture; friable; many medium and fine roots; medium 
acid; clear smooth boundary. 

B21t—14 to 20 inches; dark red (2.5YR 3/6) clay; moder- 
ate medium subangular blocky structure; firm, slightly 
sticky and slightly plastic; few thin continuous clay 
films on faces of peds; few soft dark brown concre- 
tions; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. 

B22t—-20 to 40 inches; dark red (10R 3/6) clay; moderate 
medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; firm, 
sticky and plastic; common thin continuous clay films 
on faces of peds; few fine brown concretions; strongly 
acid; gradual smooth boundary. 

B28t—40 to 60 inches; dark red (10R 3/6) clay, dark red- 
dish brown (2.5YR 3/4) crushed; moderate medium' 
and coarse subangular blocky structure; firm, sticky 
and plastic; few thin continuous clay films on faces 
of peds; few fine brown concretions; strongly acid; 
gradual smooth boundary. 

B24t—60 to 72 inches; dark red (2.5YR 3/6) clay; weak 
coarse subangular blocky structure; firm, sticky and 
plastic; few thin continuous clay films on faces of 
peds; common fine brown concretions; strongly acid. 


The ዲክ horizon is dark reddish brown or dark red silt 
loam, silty clay loam, or, rarely, loam 8 to 10 inches thick. 
The B horizon is dark red, dark reddish brown, or dusky 
red silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay several feet thick. 
Depth to limestone is more than 6 feet. 

DcB—Decatur silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes. This 
deep, well drained soil is in tracts of 2 to 10 acres on 
the tops of low rolling hills. It has the profile described 
as representative of the series. The surface layer is 4 


Monroes County, TENNESSEE 25 


to 8 inches thick. In most areas, some subsoil material 
has been mixed into the surface layer by plowing. In- 
cluded in mapping were small eroded areas where the 
surface layer is silty clay loam and a few areas where 
it is dark brown and the subsoil is red. 

This soil is well suited to all crops commonly grown 
in the county. It is suited to row crops, hay, and pas- 
ture. Corn, soybeans, small grain, alfalfa, burley to- 
bacco, orchardgrass, tall fescue, clovers, annual lespe- 
deza, sericea lespedeza, and vegetables are suited. The 
hazard of erosion is a slight limitation to cultivated 
crops. The potential is high for dwellings, industrial 
use, and other urban use. Capability unit IIe-2; wood- 
184 group 307. 

DeC—Decatur silt loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes. This 
deep, well drained soil is on low, rolling hilltops in the 
limestone valleys. It is in tracts of 2 to 15 acres. The 
surface layer is dark. reddish brown and is about 4 to 
7 inches thick. In most cultivated areas, some of the 
subsoil has been mixed into the surface layer. The sub- 
soil is dark red clay several feet thick. Limestone bed- 
rock is at a depth of more than 6 feet. Included in map- 
ping were some small severely eroded areas where the 
surface layer is dark red silty clay loam or clay. 

This soil is well suited to all locally grown crops, such 
as corn, soybeans, small grain, alfalfa, burley tobacco, 
orchardgrass, tall fescue, annual lespedeza, sericea les- 
pedeza, white clover, and red clover. The response to 
management is excellent. The hazard of erosion is the 
main limitation to farming. The potential is high for 
dwellings and other urban use. Capability unit IIIe-2; 
woodland group 307. 

DcD2—Decatur silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes, 
eroded. This deep, well drained, moderately steep soil 
is on low-lying hillsides in the smoother limestone val- 
leys. It 18 in tracts of 2 to about 15 acres, The surface 
layer is dark reddish brown and is about 5 to 7 inches 
thick. In most cultivated areas, some of the subsoil ma- 
terial has been mixed into the surface layer. The sub- 
soil is dark red clay several feet thick. Depth to lime- 
stone rock is more than 6 feet. 

Included with this soil in mapping were small, se- 
verely eroded areas where the surface layer is silty clay 
loam or clay. Also included were a few small areas 
where the surface layer is dark brown silt loam and the 
subsoil is red silty clay or clay and a few areas where 
slopes are more than 20 percent. 

This soil is fairly well suited to all commonly grown 
row crops, such as corn, tobacco, small grain, and vege- 
tables. It is especially well suited to hay and pasture 
plants, such as tall fescue, orchardgrass, annual lespe- 
deza, sericea lespedeza, alfalfa, and most clovers. The 
slope is the main limitation to cultivated crops and 
other uses. In cultivated areas, erosion is serious and 
soil-conserving measures are important. No-till plant- 
ing is an example of a conservation practice that de- 
creases the hazard of erosion. The potential is medium 
for most urban use, but is low for lagoons and light 
industry. Capability unit IVe-2; woodland group 307. 

DdC3—-Decatur silty clay loam, 5 to 12 percent 
slopes, severely eroded. This deep, well drained soil is 
in small areas on the tops of low, rolling hills. It is in 


tracts of 2 to 5 acres on convex side slopes. The plow 
layer is dark reddish brown and dark red and is about 
4 to 7 inches thick. The subsoil is dark red clay several 
feet thick. Depth to limestone bedrock is more than 6 
feet. A few shallow gullies occur in this soil. Included 
in mapping were a few small areas where the surface 
layer is clay and a few areas where it is silt loam. 

This soil is fairly well suited to all crops commonly 
grown in the county. Because of erosion, the plow layer 
is somewhat clayey and is difficult to work. Germination 
and seedling establishment are difficult. Controlling 
erosion is the main management concern. Runoff and 
soil loss can be reduced by a suitable cropping system. 
Corn, burley tobacco, small grain, grain sorghum, al- 
falfa, annual lespedeza, sericea lespedeza, tall fescue, 
orchardgrass, white clover, and red clover are suited. 
The potential is high for dwellings with septic tank 
absorption systems, but is medium for most other 
rig use. Capability unit IVe-2; woodland group 

c3e. 

DdD3—Decatur silty clay loam, 12 to 20 percent 
slopes, severely eroded. This deep, well drained soil is 
in tracts of 2 1010 acres on low-lying hillsides in the 
broader limestone valleys. The surface layer is dark red 
and dark reddish brown and is 3 to 5 inches thick. The 
subsoil is dark red clay several feet thick. Depth to 
limestone bedrock is more than 6 feet. A few shallow 
gullies occur in this soil. 

Included with this soil in mapping were a few small 
areas where the surface layer is silt loam and many 
small areas where it is dark red clay. Also included 
were some areas where slopes are more than 20 percent. 

This soil is fairly well suited to all commonly grown 
crops. The slope, the thin surface layer, and the hazard 
of erosion are the main management concerns in farm- 
ing. The soil is well suited to hay and pasture, such as 
alfalfa, sericea lespedeza, orchardgrass, tall fescue, 
Midland bermudagrass, white clover, and red clover. 
Seedbed preparation and establishment of sod are 
sometimes difficult because of the poor workability and 
the thin surface layer. The potential is medium for 
most urban use, such as dwellings, sanitary landfills, 
roads, and septic tank absorption fields. It is low for 
sewage lagoons and light industry. Capability unit 
VIe-1; woodland group 4c3e. 


Dewey Series 


The Dewey series consists of very deep, well drained 
soils. These soils are on ridgetops and hillsides of the 
broad limestone valley (fig. 4). They formed in 1 foot 
to 2 feet of old alluvium and the underlying residuum 
weathered from limestone. Slopes are 2 to 20 percent. 

In a representative profile the surface layer is dark 
reddish brown silt loam about 6 inches thick. The upper 
4 inches of the subsoil is dark reddish brown, friable 
silty elay loam. Below this to à depth of 72 inches is 
firm, red, dark red, and dark reddish brown clay. 

Dewey soils are strongly acid throughout the profile. 
Where limed, the surface layer is less acid. The avail- 
able water capacity is medium, and permeability is 
moderate. 


26 SOIL SURVEY 


Figure 4.—Tall fescue on sloping Dewey soils. These soils are excellent for hay and pasture. 


These soils are used largely for hay and pasture. A 
small acreage is used for corn, small grain, tobacco, and 
vegetables. The soils are among the best in the county 
for grasses and legumes. 

Representative profile of Dewey silt loam, 2 to 5 
percent slopes: 


Ap—0 to 6 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 8/4) silt 
loam; moderate medium granular structure; friable; 
medium acid; clear smooth boundary. 

B1—-6 to 10 inches; dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) silty 
clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; 
friable; many roots; strongly acid; clear smooth 
boundary. 

B21t—10 to 15 inches; dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) 
clay; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; firm; 
common roots; thin continuous clay films on faces of 
peds; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. z 

B22t—15 to 22 inches; dark red (2.5YR 3/6) clay; mod- 
erate medium angular blocky structure; firm; com- 
mon roots; thin continuous clay films on faces of peds; 
few fragments of chert; strongly acid; gradual 
smooth boundary. 

B23t—22 to 35 inches; red (2.5 YR 4/6) clay; common me- 
dium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) mottles; 
moderate medium angular blocky structure; firm, plas- 
116; thin continuous clay films on faces of peds; few 
fragments of chert; strongly acid; gradual smooth 
boundary. 

B24t—3b to 49 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) clay; common me- 
dium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) mottles; 
moderate medium angular blocky structure; firm, plas- 
tic; thin continuous clay films on faces of peds; 10 


percent by volume fragments of chert; strongly acid; 
gradual smooth boundary. 

B3—49 to 72 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) clay; many medium 
distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and yellowish 
brown (10YR 5/6) mottles; weak medium subangular 
blocky structure; very firm, plastic; 15 percent by 
volume fragments of chert; strongly acid. 

Depth to bedrock is more than 6 feet. Deep borings in 
nearby counties indicate that depth to rock is as much 
as 75 feet in many places. The content of chert or gravel 
fragments ranges from 0 to 15 percent throughout the 
501. The Ap horizon is dark reddish brown and dark 
brown. In severely eroded areas, it is red or yellowish red 
silty clay loam or silty clay 4 to 8 inches thick. The B2 
horizon is red, dark red, yellowish red, or dark reddish 
brown in the upper part and red or yellowish red in the 
lower part. It is clay or silty clay. ` 


DeB—-Dewey silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes. This 
soil is in tracts of 3 to 7 acres on broad hilltops. It has 
the profile described as representative of the series. 
The surface layer is 4 to 8 inches thick. 

Included with this soil in mapping were a few areas 
where slopes are 5 to 10 percent. Some areas have 
eroded spots where the surface layer is silty clay loam. 

This soil is suited to all crops commonly grown, in- 
cluding corn, tobacco, soybeans, and small grain. The 
Slope and the slight hazard of erosion are the main 
management concerns in farming. The soil is one of 
the most desirable in the county for hay and pasture 
crops, such as alfalfa, orchardgrass, tall fescue, annual 


Monros County, TENNESSEE 27 


lespedeza, white clover, and red clover. Because of the 
moderate permeability, ponds do not ordinarily hold 
water well and require chemical treatment for sealing. 
The potential is high for most urban use. Capability 
unit IIe-2; woodland group 307. 

DeC—Dewey silt loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes. This 
soil is in tracts of 3 to 10 acres, mostly on short hill- 
sides. It is deep and well drained. The surface layer is 
reddish brown or dark brown and is 4 to 7 inches thick. 
The subsoil, which is many feet thick, is mainly red, 
plastic clay. The upper foot or two, however, ranges to 
dark red or dark reddish brown silty clay loam. Lime- 
stone sinks are in a few areas. 

Included with this soil in mapping were a few areas 
where slopes are slightly more than 12 percent or less 
than 5 percent. Also included were a few severely eroded 
areas where the surface layer is silty clay loam or clay. 

This soil is especially well suited to hay and pasture. 

Well suited grasses and legumes are alfalfa, orchard- 
' grass, tall fescue, annual lespedeza, sericea lespedeza, 
white clover, and red clover. Row crops, such as corn, 
tobacco, soybeans, grain sorghum, and vegetables are 
fairly well suited. Because of the slope, erosion is a 
hazard. Permeability is moderate, and ponds generally 
require chemical treatment for sealing. The potential 
is high for most urban use. Capability unit IIIe-2; 
woodland group 307. 

DeD2—Dewey silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes, 
eroded. This soil is on hillsides in limestone valleys in 
tracts of 5 to 10 acres. Some areas surround limestone 
sinks. The surface layer is dark reddish brown or dark 
brown and is 4 to 7 inches thick. The subsoil is red clay 
many feet thick. 

Included with this soil in mapping were a few areas 

` where slopes are more than 20 percent. Also included 
were small severely eroded areas where the surface 
layer is reddish and clayey. 

The strong slopes are the main management concern 
in farming and urban use. Pasture and hay crops are 
well suited. Erosion is a severe hazard in cultivated 
areas. No-till rowcropping decreases the hazard of 
erosion and conserves moisture. 

The potential is medium for most urban use. The 
moderate permeability causes excessive seepage in 
ponds and lakes, and chemical treatment is generally 
needed for reservoirs. Capability unit IVe-2; woodland 
group 807. 

DgC3-—Dewey silty clay loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes, 
severely eroded. This is a deep, well drained soil on 
short hillsides in the limestone valley. In most places, 
the surface layer is former subsoil material. It is red- 
dish brown, dark reddish brown, or red silty clay loam 
or clay. The subsoil is red clay many feet thick. Some 
areas surround sinkholes. Included in mapping were a 
few areas where slopes are less than 5 percent or more 
than 12 percent. 

This soil is best suited to hay and pasture because of 
poor workability and the hazard of erosion. Tall fescue, 
orchardgrass, alfalfa, white clover, red clover, and 
sericea lespedeza are suitable hay and pasture plants. 
Cultivated crops can be grown occasionally in a long 
rotation and more frequently in a no-till cropping 
system. 


The potential is high or medium for most urban use. 
The moderate permeability causes excessive seepage, 
and chemical treatment is needed for most water im- 
ኝን ኤኔ ጨሌ Capability unit IVe-2; woodland group 

c3e. 

DgD3—-Dewey silty clay loam, 12 to 20 percent 
slopes, severely eroded. This soil is on hillsides in tracts 
of 3 to 10 acres. In some areas it occurs as rims around 
sinkholes. The surface layer is somewhat clayey be- 
cause most of the original silt loam surface layer has 
washed off. It is red and is about 6 inches thick. The 
subsoil is red clay that is many feet deep over limestone 
bedrock. 

A few tracts where slopes are 20 to 30 percent were 
included with this soil in mapping. ል180 included were 
soils where the surface layer is red clay. 

The moderately steep slopes, the medium available 
water capacity, and the amount of clay in the surface 
layer are the main management concerns in farming 
and urban use. The soil is well suited to pasture and 
hay crops, such as alfalfa, tall fescue, Midland bermu- 
dagrass, and sericea lespedeza. In the establishment of 
new stands, heavy rates of seeding and mulch help to 
overcome poor germination and high seedling mortal- 
ity. The potential is medium for most urban use. Ca- 
pability unit VIe-1; woodland group 4c3e. 


Ditney Series 


The Ditney series consists of moderately deep, well 
drained, loamy soils on high mountains. These soils 
formed in residuum weathered chiefly from arkose 
sandstone and conglomerate and lesser amounts of 
phyllite, quartzite, slate, and graywacke. Elevation 
ranges from about 2,500 to 4,800 feet. Slopes are 12 to 
60 percent. 

In a representative profile the surface layer is dark 
grayish brown loam about 2 inches thick. The subsur- 
face layer is yellowish brown loam about 5 inches thick. 
The subsoil, to a depth of 30 inches, is dark yellowish 
brown and brown, very friable loam. It is underlain by 
bedrock. The content of arkosic sandstone fragments 


ranges from about 15 percent in the upper part of the 


subsoil to 25 percent in the lower part. 

Ditney soils are strongly acid or very strongly acid 
throughout the profile Permeability is moderately 
rapid, and the available water capacity is medium. 

Practically all areas of these soils are in forest. 

Representative profile of Ditney loam, 12 to 25 per- 
cent slopes: 


ል1---0 to 2 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loam; 
weak medium granular structure; very friable; many 
roots; 10 percent by volume fragments of arkosic 
sandstone as much as 2 inches in size; strongly acid; 
abrupt smooth boundary. 

A2—2 to 7 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; 
moderate medium granular structure; very friable; 
many roots; about 10 percent by volume angular frag- 
ments of arkosic sandstone mostly less than 3 inches 
in size; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. 

B1—7 to 12 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) 
loam; weak medium and fine subangular blocky struc- 
ture; very friable; many roots; about 15 percent by 
volume angular fragments of arkosic sandstone 1 
inch to 5 inches across; very strongly acid; clear wavy 
boundary. 


28 SOIL SURVEY 


B2—12 to 25 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) loam; weak me- 
dium subangular blocky structure; very friable; many 
roots; about 15 percent by volume angular fragments 
of arkosie sandstone 1 inch to 8 inches across; very 
Strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. 

B3—25 to 80 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) cobbly loam; 
weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very fri- 
able; common roots; about 25 percent by volume frag- 
ments of arkosic sandstone 1 inch to 10 inches across; 
very strongly acid. I 

R—30 inches; arkosic sandstone bedrock; rock has abun- 
dant feldspars. 


Depth to bedrock ranges from 20 to 40 inches. Frag- 
ments of arkosic sandstone make up 10 to 35 percent of 
the A and B horizons. The Al horizon is very dark grayish 
brown or dark grayish brown. The A2 horizon is yellow- 
ish brown or brown. The A horizon is loam or, rarely, 
sandy loam. The B horizon is brown, yellowish brown, 
strong brown, or dark yellowish brown. The fine earth 
fraction of the B horizon is loam or sandy loam. 

DhD—Ditney loam, 12 to 25 percent slopes. This 
moderately deep, well drained anil ja on mountaintops 
and upper side slopes. Some sandstone fragments are 
on the surface and throughout the soil. The soil has the 
profile described as representative of the series. 

Included with this soil in mapping were a few small 
areas where the lower horizons are more than 35 per- 
cent sandstone fragments. Also included were a few 
areas where the surface layer is silt loam and a few 
nus the subsoil is yellowish red, channery silty clay 
oam. 

Most of the acreage is forest. Suitable trees include 
Virginia pine, white pine, shortleaf pine, chestnut oak, 
and scarlet oak. The steep slopes and the depth over 
rock are the main limitations to use and management. 
The potential is low for most urban use. Capability unit 
IVe-1; woodland group 4r3. 

DhF—Ditney loam, 25 to 60 percent slopes. This 
moderately deep, well drained soil 1s on mountainsides. 
It is dominantly brown or yellowish brown loam. The 
content of fragments of sandstone ranges from about 
10 to 35 percent, by volume, throughout the soil. These 
fragments range from less than 1 inch to about 8 inches 
in size and generally increase in number and size with 
increasing depth. Depth to arkosie sandstone bedrock 
ranges from 20 to 40 inches. 

Included with this soil in mapping were areas where 
slopes are less than 25 percent or more than 60 percent. 
A few tracts have a silt loam surface layer underlain by 
siltstone or phyllite. Also included were some areas 
less than 20 inches deep over bedrock that are more 
than 85 percent, by volume, coarse fragments. 

Practically all the acreage is forest, mainly Virginia 
pine, pitch pine, chestnut oak, and scarlet oak. The soil 
is well suited to this use. Because of the steep slopes 
and the moderate depth over rock, the potential is low 
for farming and urban use. Capability unit VIIe-2; 
woodland group 4r3. 


Dunmore Series 


The Dunmore series consists of deep, well drained 
soils. These soils are on low, rolling to steep hills in the 
limestone valleys. Sinks and depressions are in many 
places. The soils formed in material weathered from 
dolomitic limestone. Slopes are 2 to 85 percent. 


In a representative profile the surface layer is brown 
silt loam about 7 inches thick. The upper 4 inches of the 
subsoil is strong brown silty clay loam. Below this to 8 
depth of 65 inches is yellowish red, firm clay. Dolomitic 
limestone bedrock is at à depth of more than 6 feet. 

Dunmore soils are easy to work, and except where 
severely eroded, respond very well to good manage- 
ment. They are strongly acid or very strongly acid 
throughout the profile. Where limed, the surface layer 
is less acid. Permeability is moderate, and the available 
water capacity is medium. 

These soils are used for corn, tobacco, small grain, 
hay, and pasture, but the largest part of the acreage is 
voa for pasture. Some tracts are in small farm wood- 
ots. 

Representative profile of Dunmore silt loam, 5 to 12 
percent slopes: 


Ap—0 to 7 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; moder- 
ate medium granular structure; friable; medium acid; 
abrupt smooth boundary. 

Bi—7 to 11 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) silty clay 
loam; moderate medium subangular blocky struc- 
ture; firm; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. 

B21t—11 to 36 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) clay; 
strong medium subangular blocky structure; firm, 
plastic; thin continuous clay films on faces of peds; 
strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary, 

B22t—36 to 50 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/8) clay; 
common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) 
mottles; strong medium subangular blocky structure; 
firm, plastic; thin continuous clay films on faces of 
peds; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. 

B23t—50 to 65 inches; yellowish red (BYR 5/8) clay; many 
medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and 
strong brown (7.5 YR 5/6) mottles; moderate medium 
and coarse subangular blocky structure; firm, plastic; 
thick continuous clay films on faces of peds; very 
strongly acid. 


The Ap horizon is mainly brown or yellowish brown silt 
loam or loam 5 to 10 inches thick, In severely eroded areas, 
however, it is strong brown or yellowish red silty clay loam 
or clay. The B1 horizon is dark yellowish brown, strong 
brown, or yellowish red silt loam, loam, or silty clay loam 
3 to 6 inches thick. It does not occur in some profiles. The 
B2 horizon is yellowish red or red clay or silty clay. Depth 
to limestone is more than 6 feet. The content of chert 
fragments ranges from none to 10 percent, by volume, 
throughout the soil, 

DmB—Dunmore silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes. 
This deep, well drained soil is in tracts of 2 to 5 acres 
on the tops of low-lying hills (fig. 5). The soil formed 
in residuum derived from dolomitic limestone. Depth to 
bedrock is more than 6 feet. Generally, the surface 
layer is brown silt loam about 5 to 8 inches thick. The 
subsoil is yellowish red, plastic clay several feet thick. 

Included with this soil in mapping were small eroded 
areas where the surface layer is reddish silty clay loam. 
Also included were a few areas of a soil that has nu- 
merous fragments of chert and a few areas where the 
surface layer is loam. 

This soil is suited to all locally grown crops, includ- 
ing row crops, small grain, hay, and pasture. Erosion 
is a slight hazard if row crops are grown. Many areas 
are not large enough for a separate field and are used 
with adjacent steeper sloping areas. The moderate per- 
meability and underground cavernous rock limit this 
soil for such uses as pond reservoirs. The potential is 


Monroe County, TENNESSEE 29 


Figure 5.—Small grain on gently sloping Dunmore silt loam, If well managed, this soil produces excellent yields of small grain, 
hay, and pasture and most row crops. 


medium for most urban use. Capability unit IIe-2; 
woodland group 307. 

DmC—Dunmore silt loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes. 
This soil is in tracts of 8 to 10 acres on the tops of 
low-lying hills and on short upland side slopes. Some 
areas surround shallow depressions and limestone 
sinks. This soil, which is many feet thick, formed in 
material weathered from dolomitic limestone. It has the 
profile described as representative of the series. 

Included with this soil in mapping were eroded 
patches where the surface layer is yellowish or reddish 
and clayey. These patches give a plowed field a mottled 
color pattern. A few areas were included where the 
surface layer is dark brown loam. Also included were 
small areas in depressions and along drainageways 
where the soil is dark brown silt loam to a depth of 2 
feet or more. 

This soil is suited to all crops commonly grown in 
the county, including corn, burley tobacco, sorghum, 
soybeans, orchardgrass, tall fescue, annual lespedeza, 
white clover, and red clover. The slope is the main man- 
agement concern in row cropped areas. If cultivated, 
soil-conserving measures are needed that reduce runoff 
and erosion. The potential is medium for most urban 
use. Capability unit IITe-2; woodland group 307. 

DmD2—Dunmore silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes, 


eroded. This deep, well drained, moderately steep soil 
is on short upland side slopes. Some areas are deeply 
pitted by limestone sinks and depressions. The surface 
layer is brown, and the subsoil is yellowish red, firm 
and plastie clay. Depth to dolomitic limestone bedrock 
is more than 6 feet. 

Included with this soil in mapping were numerous, 
small severely eroded areas where the surface layer is 
reddish silty clay loam or clay and a few small cherty 
areas. Also included were small areas of a soil in sinks 
and along narrow, crooked drainageways that are 
brown silt loam to à depth of 2 feet or more. In a few 
places, especially along the base of slopes, there are 
some outcrops of limestone. 

The moderately steep slopes are the main concern in 
use and management. The soil is well suited to small 
grain, hay, and pasture. Row crops require long rota- 
tional cropping systems and other soil-conserving mea- 
sures, such as no-till cropping to control further ero- 
sion. Suitable crops are alfalfa, tall fescue, orchard- 
grass, annual lespedeza, sericea lespedeza, white clover, 
and red clover. The potential is medium for most urban 
use. Capability unit IVe-2; woodland group 307. 

DmE2—Dunmore silt loam, 20.to 35 percent slopes, 
eroded. This steep soil is in tracts of 5 to 25 acres on 
the moderately high hillsides in the limestone valleys. 


80 SOIL SURVEY 


In some areas it forms rims around limestone sinks. 
The surface layer is brown and is about 4 to 8 inches 
thick. The subsoil is yellowish red, firm, plastic clay 
several feet thick. The lower part of the subsoil is 
mottled with yellow and brown. Depth to dolomitic 
limestone rock is more than 6 feet. 

Included with this soil in mapping were a few small 
areas that have numerous chert fragments on the sur- 
face and throughout the soil. Also included were a few 
areas where the surface layer is yellowish silty clay 
loam and a few hillsides where slopes are more than 35 
percent. In a few places, particularly near the base of 
slopes, there are some outcrops of limestone. 

The steep slopes severely limit this soil for farming. 
The soil is fairly well suited to pasture, but establish- 
ment of sod and maintenance is difficult. All climatic- 
ally suited pasture plants are well suited. The soil is 
also well suited to trees. Because of the steep slopes, 
the potential is low for most urban use. Capability unit 
VIe-1; woodland group 3r8. 

Dn€3—Dunmore silty clay loam, 5 to 12 percent 
slopes, severely eroded. This well drained soil is on 
the tops of low-lying hills and on short upland side 


slopes. In some places there are limestone sinks and 


shallow depressions. The surface layer is yellowish red 
and is 4 to 6 inches thick. The subsoil is yellowish red, 
firm and plastic clay. Depth to dolomitic limestone 
bedrock is more than 6 feet. 

Included with this soil in mapping were small areas 
in depressions and along drainageways where the soil is 
brown or dark brown silt loam to a depth of 2 feet or 
more. Also included were a few outcrops of rock and a 
few areas that have numerous fragments of chert 
throughout. 

The surface layer has poor tilth and is somewhat 
difficult to work into a favorable seedbed. Poor germi- 
nation and loss of seedlings are likely. The moderately 
low available water capacity and the slope are main 
concerns in use and management. The soil is suited to 
small grain, hay, and pasture. The potential is medium 
for such urban use as dwellings without basements, 
septic tank absorption fields, light industry, and roads. 
Pond reservoirs frequently need chemical treatment to 
prevent excess seepage. Capability unit IVe-2; wood- 
land group 4c3e. 

DnD3—Dunmore silty clay loam, 12 to 20 percent 
slopes, severely eroded. This deep, well drained soil is 
on low hillsides in tracts of 2 to about 5 acres. In some 
places it surrounds limestone sinks. The surface layer 
18 yellowish red and is about 5 inches thick. The subsoil 
is yellowish red, firm, plastic clay several feet thick. 
Depth to dolomitic limestone bedrock is more than 6 
feet. Gullies, 2 to 3 feet deep and 10 to 40 feet apart, 
occur in a few areas. Between the gullies the surface 
layer is silty clay loam or clay. Included in mapping 


were a few areas that have numerous chert fragments | 


and a few areas that have outcrops of limestone. 

This soil is poorly suited to row crops. It is better 
suited to permanent sod crops, such as tall fescue, white 
clover, Midland bermudagrass, and sericea lespedeza. 
The slope and the texture of the surface layer are the 
main concerns in use and management. Because the 


moderate permeability and underground cavernous 
rock cause excessive seepage, chemical treatment is 
needed in building pond reservoirs. The potential is 
medium for most urban use, such as septic tank absorp- 
tion fields, dwellings, and roads. Capability unit VIe-1; 
woodland group 4c3e. 


Dunning Series 


The Dunning series consists of dark, poorly drained, 
nearly level soils. These soils are on bottom land, typ- 
ically well away from the stream channel and near the 
base of upland side slopes. Slopes are 0 to 2 percent. 

In a representative profile the upper 9 inches of the 
surface layer is very dark grayish brown, friable silty 
clay loam. Below this, to a depth of 16 inches, is very 
dark gray, firm, silty clay loam mottled with gray and 
reddish brown. The subsoil to a depth of 55 inches is 
gray, massive, firm silty clay loam and clay mottled 
with reddish brown, yellowish brown, yellowish red, 
and olive brown. i 

Dunning soils are occasionally flooded for very brief 
periods. They are neutral or slightly acid. The available 
water capacity is medium, and permeability is slow. 

The total acreage of these soils is small and most of 
it has been cleared. Much of the cleared acreage is in 
permanent pasture, mainly tall fescue. 

Representative profile of Dunning silty clay loam: 

Ap—0 to 9 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) 
silty clay loam; few fine faint gray and reddish 
brown mottles; moderate fine and medium subangular 
blocky structure; friable; few mica flakes; slightly 
acid; gradual smooth boundary. 

Alg—9 to 16 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty 
clay loam; common medium distinct gray (10YR 5/1) 
and reddish brown (5YR 4/4) mottles; moderate fine 
and medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few 
mica flakes; slightly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. 

Blg—16 to 23 inches; gray (N 5/0) silty clay loam; 
common medium distinct reddish brown (5YR 4/4) 
and yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) mottles; massive; 
firm, plastic; few mica flakes; neutral; gradual 
smooth boundary. 

B2g—23 to 55 inches; gray (N 5/0) clay; common medium 
distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4), yellowish red 
(5YR 5/6), and light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) mottles; 
massive; firm, plastic; neutral. 


Depth to bedrock ranges from 4 to 10 feet or more. The 
A horizon is very dark grayish brown, very dark gray, 
very dark brown, or black silt loam or silty elay loam. The 
B horizon is gray or dark gray silty clay loam, silty clay, 
or clay mottled with yellowish brown, reddish brown, and 
olive brown. 

Du—Dunning silty clay loam. This poorly drained 
soil is in tracts of 2 to 5 acres on the bottom land. It 
is away from the stream channel and at the edge of 
bottoms adjacent to steep uplands. Slopes are 0 to 2 
percent. Included in mapping were small areas that 
are slightly better drained. 

This soil is suited to crops that can be planted late, 
such as soybeans and sorghum, and to plants that 
tolerate wetness, such as tall fescue. Improved drain- 
age expands the use of the soil to include corn and 
helps ensure the success of other crops. If suitable out- 
lets are available, a system of open ditches removes 
surface water and lowers the water table. Suitable row 


Monroe County, TENNESSEE 31 


crops can be grown every year because the soil is nearly 
level and not likely to erode. Harvesting is sometimes 
difficult because of wetness. The slow permeability 
favors use of this soil for water impoundments. Be- 
cause of the wetness, the slow permeability, and the 
occasional flooding, the potential is low for most urban 
use. Capability unit IIIw-2; woodland group 2w9. 


Emory Series 


The Emory series consists of deep, well drained 
loamy soils along small drainageways and in depres- 
sions. These soils formed in sediment washed from 
reddish soils of the limestone uplands. Slopes are 0 to 3 
percent. 

In a representative profile the surface layer is dark 
reddish brown silt loam about 9 inches thick. Below 
this to a depth of 55 inches is dark reddish brown and 
reddish brown, friable silt loam. . 

Emory soils are highly productive and are responsive 
to good management. They are strongly acid or me- 
dium acid. Where limed, the surface layer is less acid. 
Many low-lying areas are subject to occasional flood- 
ing for short periods. Permeability is moderate, and 
the available water capacity is high. 

These soils are used for tobacco, corn, garden crops, 
hay, and pasture. 

Representative profile of Emory silt loam: 

Ap—0 to 9 inches; dark reddish brown (BYR 3/8) silt 
loam; weak fine granular structure; friable; slightly 
acid; clear smooth boundary. 

B1—9 to 20 inches; dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) silt 
loam; moderate medium granular structure; friable; 
strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. 

B2—20 to 31 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) silt 
loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure parting 
to moderate medium granular; friable; strongly acid; 
gradual smooth boundary. 

C—81 to 55 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) silt loam; 


SE medium granular structure; friable; strongly 
acid. 


The Ap horizon is dark brown or dark reddish brown 
silt loam or silty clay loam 6 to 14 inches thick. In some 
profiles, a dark brown buried À horizon is below 8 depth 
of 20 to 30 inches. The B horizon is dark reddish brown 
or reddish brown silt loam or silty clay loam. In some 
places there are mottles in shades of yellow, brown, and 
gray below a depth of 25 to 30 inches. 

Em—Emory silt loam, This deep, well drained soil is 
on small benches or foot slopes along small drainage- 
ways and in depressions. It is dark reddish brown, 
friable silt loam to a depth of 3 feet or more. 

Included with this soil in mapping were a few small 
areas of a soi] where the surface layer is brown and 
the subsoil is yellowish red silty clay loam. Also in- 
cluded were a few areas where the surface layer is 
loam and a few areas of cherty soils. 

This is one of the most productive soils in the county. 
It is well suited to all the locally grown crops. The root 
zone is deep. The available water capacity is high. The 
soil is easy to work and crops respond well to manage- 
ment. Generally, flooding is not a hazard in farming. 
The moderate permeability causes excessive seepage, 
and water impoundments generally require chemical 
treatment. Where protection. from occasional flooding 


or standing water is feasible, the potential is high for 
most urban use. Capability unit I-1; woodland group 
207. 


Etowah Series 


The Etowah series consists of deep, well drained, 
loamy soils on terraces and foot slopes. These soils 
formed in sediment deposited by streams, as well as 
sediment that moved downslope. Slopes are 2 to 20 
percent. 

In a representative profile the surface layer is dark 
brown, friable silt loam about 7 inches thick. The sub- 
soil to a depth of 60 inches or more is reddish brown 
and yellowish red, friable silty clay loam. Limestone 
bedrock is at a depth of 6 feet or more. 

Etowah soils are easy to work and are among the 
most productive in the county. They are strongly acid 
throughout the profile. Where limed, the surface layer 
18 less acid. Permeability is moderate, and the available 
water capacity is high. 

These soils are used for corn, tobacco, soybeans, 
small grain, hay, and pasture. i 

Representative profile of Etowah silt loam, 2 to 5 
percent slopes: 

Ap—0 to 7 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) silt loam; 
weak fine granular structure; very friable; medium 
acid; abrupt smooth boundary. . 

Bi—7 to 13 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) silty clay 
loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; 
friable; medium acid; gradual smooth boundary. 

B21t—13 to 18 inches; reddish brown (5YR 5/4) silty clay 
loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; 
friable; few thin discontinuous clay films on faces 
of peds; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. 

B22t—18 to 23 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) silty clay 
loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; 
friable; few thin discontinuous clay films on faces 
of peds; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. 

B23t—23 to 60 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) silty clay 
loam: moderate medium subangular blocky structure; 
friable; few thin discontinuous clay films on faces 
of peds; strongly acid. 


The Ap horizon is dark brown or dark reddish brown 
silt loam or loam 5 to 12 inches thick. The upper 2 feet 
or more of the B horizon is strong brown, brown, yellowish 
red, or reddish silty clay loam or clay loam. The lower 
part is reddish brown, yellowish red, or red silty clay loam, 
clay loam, or clay. Depth to limestone bedrock is more 
than 6 feet. The content of waterworn gravel or chert 
fragments ranges from 0 to about 15 percent, by volume. 


EtB—Etowah silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes. This 
deep, well drained soil is on terraces and benches in 
the upland. It has the profile described as representa- 
tive of the series. The surface layer is dark brown and 
is 7 to 12 inches thick, and the subsoil is yellowish red 
or a brown, friable silty clay loam several feet 
thick. 

Included with this soil in mapping were a few small 
areas where the surface layer is brown cherty or grav- 
elly silt loam and the subsoil is yellowish red cherty 
or gravelly silty clay loam. Also included were a few 
areas of brown loamy soils along small drainageways. 

This soil 18 well suited to all crops commonly grown 
in the county, including corn, alfalfa, burley tobacco, 
soybeans, white clover, red clover, orchardgrass, tall 


32 SOIL SURVEY 


fescue, sorghum, annual lespedeza, sericea lespedeza, 
and small grain. The root zone is deep. The available 
water capacity is high. This soil is highly productive 
and is easy to work and keep in good tilth, but erosion 
is a slight hazard. As a result of the moderate perme- 
ability, chemical treatment is needed to seal ponds or 
lakes. The potential is high for most urban use. Capa- 
bility unit IIe-1; woodland group 207. 

EitC—Etowah silt loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes. This 
deep, well drained soil is on terraces high above pres- 
ent streams and on foot slopes in the upland. The sur- 
face layer is dark brown, friable, and about 5 to 9 
inches thick. The subsoil is reddish brown or yellowish 
red, friable silty clay loam several feet thick. 

Included with this soil in mapping were a few small 
areas of soils that are 10 to 20 percent, by volume, 
gravel and a few areas where the surface layer is light 
brown and the subsoil is yellowish red. Also included 
were a few strips of brown loamy soils along drainage- 
ways. 

This soil is well suited to all locally grown crops. 
Corn, tobacco, alfalfa, annual lespedeza, sericea lespe- 
deza, small grain, tall fescue, orchardgrass, white 
clover, and red clover are well suited. The hazard of 
erosion is the main limitation in cultivated areas. The 
potential is high for most urban use, such as dwellings 
or roads. Capability unit IIIe-1; woodland group 267. 

EtD—Etowah silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes. This 
deep, well drained soil is on terraces and benches and 
foot slopes near the base of higher hills, which are 
made up of reddish soil developed from limestone. 
The surface layer is dark brown silt loam about 5 to 8 
inches thick. The subsoil is reddish brown or yellowish 
red, friable silty clay loam several feet thick. Depth to 
bedrock is more than 6 feet. 

Included with this soil in mapping were a few small 
areas of soils that contain a large volume of chert or 
gravel. Also included were a few eroded spots where 
the surface layer is reddish brown silty clay loam. 

This soil is suited to all crops commonly grown in 
the county. The hazard of erosion is severe in culti- 
vated areas. Runoff and soil loss can be reduced by 
growing row crops in a long rotational cropping sys- 
tem. Other soil-conserving measures, such as no-till 
cropping, are also needed to control erosion. The soil 
is best suited to hay and perennial pasture. Alfalfa, 
orchardgrass, tall fescue, lespedeza, white clover, and 
red clover are well suited. The potential is medium for 
most urban use. Capability unit IVe-1; woodland group 
207. 


Farragut Series 


The Farragut series consists of deep, well drained 
Soils in shale valleys. These soils formed in old allu- 
vium, 2 to 3 feet thick, and in the underlying residuum 
weathered from shale. Slopes are about 5 to 20 percent. 

In a representative profile the surface layer is dark 
reddish brown, friable silt loam about 5 inches thick. 
The subsoil is firm, plastic clay that extends to soft 
shale at a depth of about 45 inches. It is dark red in the 
upper part and yellowish red in the lower part. A few 
chips of soft shale are in the lower part of the subsoil. 


Except in severely eroded areas, Farragut soils are 
easy to work. Where the original surface layer has 
washed off, the plow layer is clayey and cloddy and is 
difficult to work. The soils are strongly acid or very 
strongly acid throughout the profile. Where limed, the 
surface layer is less acid. Permeability is moderate in 
the upper 2 feet, but moderately slow below that depth. 
The available water capacity is medium. 

These soils are used mainly for hay and pasture. 
À few small fields are used for corn, small grain, and . 
tobacco. 

Representative profile of Farragut silt loam, 5 to 12 
percent &lopes, eroded: 

Ap—0 to 5 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) silt 
loam; moderate medium granular structure; friable; 
many roots; medium acid; clear smooth boundary. 

B21t—5 to 18 inches; dark red (2.5YR 3/6) clay; moder- 
ate medium and fine subangular blocky structure; 
firm and plastic; common roots; thin discontinuous 
clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid; clear 
smooth boundary. : 

B22t—18 to 25 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) clay; moderate 
medium angular blocky structure; firm and plastic; 
few roots; thin continuous clay films on faces of 
peds; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. 

B23t— 25 to 45 inches; yellowish red (BYR 4/6) silty clay; 
moderate medium angular blocky structure; firm and 
plastic; few soft shale chips and few yellowish brown 
and strong brown mottles which appear to be weath- 
ered shale; thin continuous clay films on faces of 
peds; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. 

C—45 to 60 inches; soft acid shale containing seams and 
coatings of silty clay loam mottled in shades of red, 
yellow, and brown, 


Depth to soft shale ranges from about 40 to 65 inches. 
The Ap horizon is dark reddish brown, dark brown, or 
dark red silt loam. In severely eroded areas, it ranges to 
silty clay loam or is finer textured. The upper part of the 
B horizon is dark red or red clay, silty clay, or silty clay 
loam. The lower part is yellowish red or red clay, silty 
clay, or silty clay loam. The lower part is yellowish red 
or red silty clay that contains few to common soft shale 
chips. 

FaC2—Farragut silt loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes, 
eroded. This is a deep, well drained soil that has a 
clayey subsoil. It is underlain by soft shale at a depth 
of about 315 to 5 feet. It is in tracts of 3 to 7 acres in 
the shale valleys. It has the profile described as repre- 
sentative of the series. 

Included with this soil in mapping were a few red- 
dish, clayey spots where the original surface layer was 
removed by erosion. Also included were small areas 
where slopes are less than 5 percent, a few severely 
eroded spots where the surface layer is reddish and 
clayey, and a few areas where shale rock is near the 
surface. 

The slope is the main management concern. All 
commonly grown plants are suited, but the soil erodes 
easily if cultivated. Corn, soybeans, burley tobaeco, 
vegetables, small grain, annual lespedeza, orchard- 
grass, tall fescue, alfalfa, white clover, and red clover 
are suited. Response to management is limited by the 
medium available water capacity. The impervious shale 
rock favors such uses as pond reservoir sites; The 
potential is low to medium for most urban use. Capa- 
bility unit IITe-2; woodland group 307. 

FgD3—Farragut silty clay, 12 to 20 percent slopes, 


Monroe County, TENNESSEE 33 


severely eroded. This is a deep, well drained clayey 
soil on short hillsides. It is underlain by soft shale rock 
at a depth of 8 to 5 feet. The soil is silty clay or clay 
throughout. It is dark red or red in the upper 12 to 24 
inches and yellowish red below that depth. Some shal- 
low gullies occur in a few areas. 

Included with this soil in mapping were some less 
eroded patches, less than 14 acre in size, where the 
surface layer is silt loam. Also included were a few 
areas where slopes are more than 20 percent or less 
than 12 percent. 

The clayey surface layer, the medium available water 
capacity, and the strong slopes are the main limitations 
in farming. The hazard of further erosion is severe 
if cultivated crops are grown. The soil is best suited 
to perennial pasture or trees. Grasses and legumes 
grow fairly well once seedlings become established. 
Both pine and hardwood grow on this soil. Virginia 
pine generally seeds areas that are left idle. The mod- 


erately slow permeability favors the soil as sites for 


water impoundments. The potential is low or medium 
for most urban use. Capability unit VIe-1; woodland 
group 4c3e. 


Fletcher Series 


The Fletcher series consists of moderately deep, 
well drained, loamy soils. These soils formed in residu- 
um from phyllite on mountaintops and mild side slopes. 
Elevation is about 1,200 to 2,000 feet. Slopes are 5 to 
20 percent. 

In a representative profile the surface layer is dark 
grayish brown silt loam about 1 inch thick. The sub- 
surface layer is brown silt loam about 6 inches thick. 
The subsoil, to a depth of 32 inches, is yellowish red 
and strong brown, friable silt loam and silty clay loam. 
It is underlain by weak red, soft phyllite that crushes 
to silt loam. Hard phyllite rock is at a depth of 44 
inches. 

Fletcher soils are strongly acid throughout the pro- 
file. The available water capacity is medium, and per- 
meability is moderate. 

Much of the acreage has been cleared and is used for 
row crops, hay, and pasture. Many of the less sloping 
areas are still used for row crops, mainly corn and 
vegetables. A few areas are idle, and some have re- 
verted to mixed pine and hardwood forest. 

Representative profile of Fletcher silt loam, 12 to 
20 percent slopes: 

ጴጌ---0 to 1 inch; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt 
loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; 
many roots; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. 

A2—1 inch to 7 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; 
moderate medium granular structure; friable; many 
roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. 

B1—7 to 11 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) silt loam; 
moderate fine and medium subangular blocky struc- 
ture; friable; common roots; strongly acid; clear 
smooth boundary. 

B21t—11 to 18 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) silt loam; 
moderate fine and medium subangular blocky struc- 
ture; friable; common roots; thin discontinuous clay 
films on faces of peds; strongly acid; clear smooth 
boundary. 


B22t—18 to 32 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) silty clay 
loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; 
friable; common roots; thin discontinuous clay films 
on faces of peds; about 5 percent by volume thin frag- 
ments of phyllite; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. 

C—82 to 44 inches; weak red (10R 4/3) soft phyllite which 
crushes easily to silt loam that has a greasy feel; few 
fragments of moderately hard phyllite rock; strongly 
acid; clear irregular boundary. 

R—44 inches; hard phyllite rock. 


Depth to hard bedrock ranges from 3 to about 6 feet. 
Thin chips of phyllite or siltstone make up 2 to 10 percent 
of the A and B horizons. In cultivated areas, the A2 or 
Ap horizon is brown or yellowish brown silt loam 4 to 
8 inches thick. The B horizon is strong brown, yellowish 
red, or red silt loam or silty clay loam. The C horizon is 
soft red, brown, and gray siltstone or phyllite that crushes 
easily to silt loam that has a greasy feel. It is in shades 
of red, brown, and gray. 


FhC—Fletcher silt loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes. This 
is a moderately deep, well drained loamy soil in tracts 
of 8 to 15 acres on ridgetops and mild slopes in the 
mountains. It formed from the underlying phyllite 
rock. Slopes range from 5 to 12 percent, but commonly 
are not more than 10 percent. The surface layer is 
brown and is 5 to 10 inches thick. The subsoil is yellow- 
ish red, friable silt loam or silty clay loam. Depth to 
bedrock is 40 to 65 inches. 

Included with this soil in mapping were areas where 
slopes are more than 12 percent or less than 5 percent. 
Also included were some deep soils along narrow drains 
and a few tracts where the 801] has phyllite chips 
throughout and is less than 40 inches deep over rock. 

Most areas of this soil have been cleared and are used 
for a variety of crops and pasture, such as corn, to- 
bacco, small grain, orchardgrass, tall fescue, lespedeza, 
garden vegetables, white clover, and red clover. The 
slope and the moderate depth are the main limitations. 
The hazard of erosion is the main limitation if the soil 
is cultivated. Perennial pasture and hay grow well if 
adequately fertilized and managed. The potential is 
high or medium for most urban use. Capability unit 
IIIe-3; woodland group 207. 

FhD—Fletcher silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes. 
This moderately deep, well drained loamy soil is on 
mountainsides. It has the profile described as represen- 
tative of the series. 

Included with this soil in mapping were small areas 
of Fletcher silt loam where slopes are less than 12 
percent or more than 20 percent and some areas where 
the soil has phyllite chips throughout and is less than 
8 feet deep over rock. Also included were narrow strips 
of deeper, browner soils along narrow drainageways. 

The moderately steep slopes and the moderate depth 
over rock are the main limitations in farming. The 
moderately steep slopes are suited to perennial pas- 
ture and hay crops, such as tall fescue, orchardgrass, 
sericea lespedeza, Midland bermudagrass, white clover, 
and red clover. The steeper slopes are best suited to 
hardwood and pine. The hazard of erosion is severe 
if the soil is cultivated. The potential is medium for 
most urban use. Capability unit IVe-1; woodland group 
207, 


84 SOIL SURVEY 


Fullerton Series 


The Fullerton series consists of deep, well drained, 
cherty soils on hills and ridges in the western valley 
part of the county. These soils formed in material 
weathered from cherty limestone. Slopes are 5 to 40 
percent. 

In a representative profile the surface layer is brown 
cherty silt loam about 2 inches thick. The subsurface 
layer is yellowish brown cherty silt loam about 11 
inches thick. The subsoil is yellowish red cherty silty 
clay loam to a depth of about 28 inches. Below this it 
is red cherty clay to a depth of 60 inches or more. Lime- 
stone bedrock is at a depth of more than 6 feet. 

Fullerton soils are strongly acid or very strongly 
acid throughout the profile. Where limed, the surface 
layer is less acid. The chert fragments somewhat hin- 
der cultivation with machinery and make the soil 
slightly droughty. Permeability is moderate, and the 
available water capacity is medium. 

These soils are used for corn, small grain, hay, and 
pasture, mainly tall fescue and white clover. 

Representative profile of Fullerton cherty silt loam, 
12 to 20 percent slopes: 


A1—0 to 2 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) cherty silt loam; 
weak fine granular structure; very friable; medium 
acid; clear smooth boundary. 

A2—2 to 7 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) cherty 
silt loam; moderate medium granular structure; very 
friable; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. 

A8—7 to 18 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) cherty 
silt loam; moderate medium granular structure; very 
friable; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. 

B21t—13 to 19 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/8) cherty 
silty clay loam; light yellowish brown ped coatings; 
weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; 
15 percent by volume fragments of chert % inch to 
2 inches in diameter; thin discontinuous clay films; 
friable; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. 

B22t—19 to 23 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) cherty 
silty clay loam; few medium strong brown (7.5YR 
5/6) mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky 
structure; firm; 15 percent by volume fragments of 
chert % inch to 2 inches in diameter; thin discon- 
tinuous clay films; strongly acid; clear smooth 
boundary. 

B23t—23 to 60 inches; red (2.5YR 5/8) cherty clay; coat- 
ings on yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) peds; moderate 
medium subangular and angular blocky structure; 
firm; 20 percent by volume fragments of chert % 
inch to 6 inches in diameter; thin continuous clay 
films; strongly acid. 


In cultivated areas, the Ap horizon is brown or dark 
grayish brown cherty silt loam or cherty loam about 7 
inches thick. In severely eroded places, it is strong brown 
or yellowish red cherty silty clay loam. The A2 horizon 
is brown, yellowish brown, or strong brown. The. upper 
part of the B2t horizon is yellowish red, red, or reddish 
yellow cherty silty clay loam or cherty clay loam. The 
lower part is red or yellowish red cherty clay. The con- 
tent of chert fragments is mostly 15 to 25 percent through- 
out the profile, but ranges from 15 to 35 percent. Depth 
to bedrock is more than 6 feet. 


FtC—Fullerton cherty silt loam, 5 to 12 percent 
slopes. This deep, well drained soil is on the rounded 
crests of high ridges that are underlain by dolomitic 
limestone. It formed in material weathered from sim- 
ilar rock. The surface layer is brown or yellowish 
brown and is 5 to 10 inches thick. The subsoil is yellow- 


ish red cherty silty clay loam in the upper 12 to 24 
Ges and is red or yellowish red cherty clay below 
this. 

A few areas of soils that have less than 16 percent 
chert throughout were included with this soil in map- 
ping. Also included were a few spots of Fullerton soils 
where slopes are more than 12 percent and a few de- 
pressional areas less than 1 acre in size that have a 
fragipan. 

Because of the content of chert in the surface layer, 
the medium available water capacity, and the slope, 
this soil has medium potential for row crops, such as 
soybeans, corn, and tobacco. It is better suited to small 
grain, orchardgrass, tall fescue, lespedeza, and alfalfa. 
Many isolated areas on hilltops are impractical as 
separate fields. The potential is high for most urban 
use. Capability unit IIIe-4; woodland group 307. 

FtD—Fullerton cherty silt loam, 12 to 20 percent 
slopes. This deep, well drained soil is on long hillsides, 
mainly on the south faces of rounded hills and linear 
ridges underlain by dolomitic limestone. It has the 
profile described as representative of the series. 

Included with this soil in mapping were a few small 
areas that have very little chert content and a few 
areas of very cherty soils. Also included were some 
narrow bands of steeper Fullerton soils that border 
sinkholes and deep drainageways and some severely 
eroded areas where the surface layer is yellowish 
brown or red and clayey. 

The steep slopes and the hazard of erosion are the 
main limitations in cultivated areas. This soil is well 
suited to all locally grown hay or pasture plants, such 
as orchardgrass, tall fescue, alfalfa, sericea lespedeza, 
white clover, and red clover. Response to management 
is fair. Excessive seepage is a concern for most water 
impoundments unless treated. The potential is medium 
for most urban use. Capability unit IVe-3; woodland 
group 5807. 

FtE—Fullerton cherty silt loam, 20 to 40 percent 
slopes. This well drained, deep soil is on long, steep 
hillsides of high linear ridges and rounded hills under- 
lain by dolomitic limestone. The surface layer is brown 
or yellowish brown and is 5 to 10 inches thick. The 
subsoil is reddish, cherty silty clay loam that grades to 
cherty clay at a depth of 2 feet or more. Depth to bed- 
rock is more than 6 feet. 

ል few areas that have very little chert content were 
included with this soil in mapping. Also included were 
a few areas of very cherty soils, a few strips that have 
scattered bedrock outcrops, and severely eroded patches 
where the surface layer is yellowish brown or yellowish 
red silty clay loam. 

Because of the steep slopes, this soil is poorly suited 
to row crops and hay. It is fairly well suited to pasture, 
mainly tall fescue and white clover. It is suited to trees, 
and both hardwood and pine make moderate growth. 
The slope is the main limitation to farming and urban 
use. Pasture is difficult to seed and maintain because 
of the difficulty in using machinery. The potential is 
low for most urban use. Capability unit VlIe-1; wood- 
land group 3r8. 


MouzoE County, TENNESSEE. 35 


Gladeville Series 


The Gladeville series consists of well drained, clayey 
soils on low rolling hillsides. These soils are very shal- 
low over thin-layered limestone. 

In a representative profile the surface layer is very 
dark grayish brown flaggy silty clay loam about 5 
inches thick. The underlying material is brown flaggy 
clay that extends to thin bedded limestone bedrock at a 
depth of 8 inches. 

Gladeville soils are neutral to moderately alkaline. 
Common fragments of slabby rock and a large amount 
of clay in the surface layer make cultivation imprac- 
ticable. Permeability is moderate, and the available 
water capacity is low. 

Most of these soils support scrubby timber, consist- 
ing chiefly of eastern redcedar and some hickory. Very 
little of the acreage has been cleared and much of that 
is now idle or has reverted to eastern redcedar. 

Representative profile of Gladeville flaggy silty clay 
loam, in an area of Gladeville-Rock outcrop complex, 
5 to 25 percent slopes: 

Ap— O0 to 5 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) 


flaggy silty clay loam; moderate fine and medium 
granular structure; friable; common fine and coarse 


BR Y "a 


roots; limestone fragments less than 4 inches across 
make up about 40 percent by volume; neutral; clear 
smooth boundary. 

ር--6 to 8 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) flaggy clay; weak 
fine and medium subangular and angular blocky 
structure; very firm; 40 percent by volume limestone 
fragments less than 1 inch across; mildly alkaline. 

R—8 inches; limestone bedrock. 

Depth to bedrock ranges from about 3 to 12 inches. In 
most places, the dark-colored layer extends to bedrock. Free 
calcium carbonate is commonly in the lower 1 inch to 4 
inches of the profile. The amount of slablike or nodular 
fragments of limestone ranges from about 35 to 65 percent, 
by volume. The A horizon is very dark grayish brown, 
dark brown, or very dark gray. A thin, brown or dark 
grayish brown C horizon is in some profiles. The texture 
of the profile is silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay. The 
upper 2 inches of the A horizon ranges to silt loam. 


GdD—Gladeville-Rock outerop complex, 5 to 25 per- 
cent slopes. This mapping unit consists of small areas 
of Gladeville soil and Rock outcrop that are so inter- 
mingled they could not be separated at the scale se- 
lected for mapping (fig. 6). It is on low rolling hills. 
Areas range from about 2 to 5 acres in size. 

Gladeville flaggy silty clay loam makes up 45 to 60 
percent of the unit. Typically, the soil consists of 5 
inches of very dark grayish brown flaggy silty clay 


Figure ፅ.--ፔከ15 Gladeville soil is shallow over layered limestone. Scrubby timber, mostly eastern redcedar and hickory, is dominant. 


36 SOIL SURVEY 


loam over 3 inches of brown flaggy clay. Limestone 
bedrock is at 8 depth of about 8 inches. This soil is 
neutral to moderately alkaline. The root zone is very 
shallow. The available water capacity is low, and per- 
meability is moderate. 

Rock outerop of flat limestone makes up 25 to 35 
percent of the unit. It extends no more than 1 foot 
above the surface. 

This mapping unit has a low potential for farming 
and urban use. The shallow depth over bedrock and 
rockiness are severe limitations that are difficult to 
overcome for most uses. The potential is low for trees, 
but the unit is best suited to this use. Eastern redcedar 
and mixed hickory and oak are dominant. Capability 
unit VIIs-2; woodland group 5x8. 


Greendale Series 


The Greendale series consists of deep, loamy, well 
drained soils. These soils are in long and narrow areas 
along drainageways and in saucer-shaped depressions. 
They are near Fullerton and Dunmore soils on uplands. 
Slopes are 0 to 3 percent. 

In a representative profile the surface layer is 
brown, friable silt loam about 10 inches thick. The 
subsoil to a depth of 55 inches is yellowish brown, 
friable silt loam mottled with pale brown below a 
depth of 22 inches. Limestone bedrock is at a depth 
of more than 6 feet. 

Greendale soils are easy to work and respond ex- 
tremely well to good management. The soils are rarely 
subject to flooding. They are strongly acid throughout 
the profile. Where limed, the surface layer is less acid. 
Permeability is moderate, and the available water 
capacity is high. 

These soils are used for corn, vegetables, tobacco, 
hay, and pasture. : 

Representative profile of Greendale silt loam: 

Ap—0 to 10 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam; weak 
fine granular structure; very friable; medium acid; 
clear smooth boundary. 

B21—10 to 22 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt 
loam; moderate medium granular structure; friable; 
strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. 

B22—22 to 55 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt 
loam; few fine distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3) mot- 


tles; moderate medium granular structure; friable; 
strongly acid. 


The A horizon is brown, yellowish brown, or dark yel- 
lowish brown silt loam. The B horizon is yellowish brown, 
dark yellowish brown, brown, or strong brown silt loam 
or silty clay loam. The content of chert fragments ranges 
from about 0 to 15 percent, by volume, in each horizon 
and normally increases with increasing depth. In some 
places, gray mottles are below a depth of about 22 inches. 
Depth to bedrock is more than 6 feet. 

Gr—Greendale silt loam. This deep, loamy, well 
drained soil is in tracts of 2 to 3 acres along drainage- 
ways and in saucer-shaped depressions. Slopes are 0 to 
3 percent. 

Included with this soil in mapping were a few small 
areas that have a large amount of chert throughout. 
Also included were some small areas of soils that have 
gray mottles within 1 foot of the surface and a few 
Spots of a soil that has a fragipan. 


This productive soil is suited to all crops commonly 
grown in the county, including burley tobaeco, corn, 
soybeans, small grain, annual lespedeza, vegetables, 
and most grasses and legumes. Rare flooding and over- 
wash from adjacent upland slopes occur in some areas. 
These features have little effect on crops, but they 
need further investigation before using the soil for 
building sites. The potential is moderate for most 
urban use. In areas that do not flood or where the haz- 
ard of flooding can be eliminated, the potential is high. 
Capability unit I-1; woodland group 207. 


Hamblen Series 


The Hamblen series consists of moderately well 
drained, loamy soils on bottom land. These soils formed 
in loamy sediment from watersheds dominated by 
shale, sandstone, and limestone. Slopes range from 0 
to 2 percent, but are dominantly less than 1 percent. 

In a representative profile the surface layer is brown, 
friable silt loam about 7 inches thick. The subsoil, to a 
depth of 29 inches, is brown, friable silt loam mottled 
in shades of brown and gray. Below this to a depth of 
55 inches is light brownish gray and grayish brown, 
friable silt loam. 

Hamblen soils are occasionally flooded during winter 
and spring. Flooding generally lasts from 1 or 2 hours 
to about 1 day. These soils are medium acid to neutral. 
Permeability is moderate, and the available water. 
capacity is high. 

These soils are used for corn, hay, and pasture. 

Representative profile of Hamblen silt loam: 


Ap—0 to 7 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; weak fine 
granular structure; friable; many roots; neutral; 
clear smooth boundary. 

B1—7 to 12 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; few 
faint pale brown (10YR 6/3) mottles and few me- 
dium distinct reddish brown (5YR 4/4) mottles; weak 
fine subangular blocky structure parting to weak me- 
dium granular structure; friable; many roots; few 
dark concretions; neutral; clear smooth boundary. 

B21—12 to 20 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam; com- 
mon medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) 
and reddish brown (5YR 4/4) mottles; weak fine sub- 
angular blocky structure; friable; common roots; few 
fine dark coneretions; neutral; clear smooth boundary. 

B22—-20 to 29 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam; many 
medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) and 
strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) mottles; weak fine subangu- 
lar blocky structure; friable; few roots; common fine 
dark concretions; neutral; clear smooth boundary. 

B3—29 to 41 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) silt 
loam; common medium distinct dark brown (7.5YR 
4/4) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) mottles; weak 
fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few roots; 
common fine dark concretions; neutral; clear smooth 
boundary. 

C—41 to 55 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam; 
many medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) 
mottles and common medium distinct very dark gray- 
ish brown (10YR 3/2) mottles; massive; friable; 
common fine dark concretions; few roots; neutral. 


Depth to bedrock ranges from 3% to 6 feet or more. 
Content of coarse fragments is less than 10 percent, by 
volume. The A horizon is brown or dark grayish brown 
silt loam, loam, or sandy loam 6 to 10 inches thick. The 
upper part of the B horizon is brown, yellowish brown, 
or dark yellowish brown silt loam, loam, clay loam, or 
silty clay loam. It has few to common mottles in shades 


Monroe County, TENNESSEE 37 


of gray, brown, or reddish brown. The lower part of the 
B horizon and the C horizon are mainly some shade of 
brown or gray silt loam, silty clay loam, or clay loam. 
They have common to many brown, gray, yellow, and red 
mottles or are profusely mottled in shades of those colors. 

Ha—Hamblen silt loam. This deep, moderately well 
drained, loamy soil is in tracts of 2 to 5 acres on bottom 
land. Slopes are 0 to 2 percent. 

Small areas of well drained and somewhat poorly 
drained soils adjacent to this soil were included in 
mapping. Also included were spots of a soil that has 
a sandy subsoil. 

A fluctuating water table and occasional, very brief 
flooding limit this soil for farming and urban use. 
Crops not likely to be damaged by flooding are very 
productive. Most crops are well suited, except small 
grain, alfalfa, and tobacco. Improved drainage helps 
ensure greater success with other crops. If suitable out- 
lets are available, open ditch or tile drainage, or both, 
removes surface water and generally lowers the water 
table. Row crops can be grown every year. Because of 
wetness and occasional flooding, the potential is low for 
most urban use. Capability unit IIw-2; woodland group 
2w8. 


Hartsells Series 


The Hartsells series consists of well drained, loamy 
soils on the broad rolling top of Starr Mountain. Eleva- 
tion is 1,500 to 2,300 feet. Slopes are 8 to 15 percent. 

In a representative profile the surface layer is dark 
grayish brown fine sandy loam about 2 inches thick. 
The subsurface layer is brown fine sandy loam about 
6 inches thick. The subsoil is yellowish brown and 
strong brown, friable loam and clay loam that extends 
to sandstone bedrock at a depth of 33 inches. 

Hartsells soils are strongly acid or very strongly 
acid. Permeability is moderate, and the available water 
capacity is medium. 

Practically all the acreage is forest. 

Representative profile of Hartsells fine sandy loam, 
5 to 15 percent slopes: 


ል1--0 to 2 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) fine 
sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very fri- 
able; few sandstone gravel and an occasional angular 
sandstone cobble; many roots; strongly acid; abrupt 
smooth boundary. 

A2—2 to 8 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) fine sandy loam; 
weak fine and medium granular structure; very fri- 
able; few small sandstone fragments; many roots; 
strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. 

B1—8 to 16 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; 
weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; 
friable; few angular sandstone fragments; common 
roots; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. 

B21t—16 to 27 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) clay 
loam; few fine faint strong brown, yellowish brown, 
and red mottles in lower 5 inches; weak medium sub- 
angular blocky structure; friable; few patchy clay 
films on faces of peds; few angular sandstone frag- 
ments; few roots; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. 

B22t—27 to 88 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay 
loam; common fine faint brown, brownish yellow, and 
red mottles; weak medium subangular blocky struc- 
ture; friable; few patchy clay films on faces of peds; 
few angular sandstone fragments, mainly 1 inch to 6 
inches across; few roots; strongly acid. 

R—33 inches; acid sandstone bedrock. 


Depth to bedrock ranges from 20 to 40 inches. Content 
of coarse fragments ranges from less than 1 percent to 
about 15 percent, by volume. The A horizon is dark gray- 
ish brown, pale brown, brown, or yellowish brown fine 
sandy loam or loam 4 to 8 inches thick. The B horizon is 
yellowish brown, strong brown, or brown sandy loam, 
loam, clay loam, or sandy clay loam. In some places, there 
is a sandy loam or gravelly loam C horizon 1 inch to 4 
inches thick. 

HeC—Hartsells fine sandy loam, 5 to 15 percent 
slopes. This soil is on the top of Starr Mountain. It is 
20 to 40 inches deep over sandstone rock. 

Included with this soil in mapping were a few areas 
of a soil that has numerous fragments of sandstone on 
the surface and throughout the soil. Also included were 
patches of a soil less than 20 inches deep over sand- 
stone rock and a few areas where the subsoil is shaly 
silty clay loam underlain by shale rock. 

This soil is somewhat inaccessible, and practically 
all the acreage is now forest. Because the soil has de- 
sirable physical properties, a wide variety of plants re- 
spond well to fertilization and other good management. 
The moderate depth over rock and the gently sloping 
and moderately steep slopes are the main management 
concerns in farming. The potential is medium for most 
urban use. Capability unit IIIe-3; woodland group 401. 


Holston Series 


The Holston series consists of deep, well drained, 
loamy soils on old stream terraces. These soils formed 
in old river sediment washed from watersheds domi- 
nated by sandstone, shale, siltstone, and limestone rock. 

In a representative profile the surface layer is brown 
loam about 9 inches thick. The subsoil to a depth of 
48 inches is yellowish brown and strong brown, friable 
loam and clay loam. Below this to a depth of 60 inches 
it is yellowish brown, friable silty clay loam. 

Holston soils are easy to work. They have low nat- 
ural fertility, but respond well to management. They 
are strongly acid or very strongly acid throughout the 
profile. Where limed, the surface layer is less acid. The 
available water capacity is high, and permeability is 
moderate. . 

These soils are used for corn, soybeans, small grain, 
hay, tobacco, and pasture. À few small tracts are still 
in hardwood timber. 

Representative profile of Holston loam, 3 to 12 per- 
cent slopes: 

ልኙ--0 to 9 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loam; weak fine 
granular structure; very friable; many roots; me- 
dium acid; abrupt smooth boundary. 

B1—9 to 16 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; 
weak medium granular structure; friable; many 
roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. 

B21t—16 to 27 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) clay 
loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; 
common roots; few thin patchy clay films; strongly 
acid; gradual smooth boundary. 

B22t—27 to 37 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay 
loam; few fine faint yellow and red mottles; weak 
fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few roots; 
few thin patehy clay films; strongly acid; gradual 
smooth boundary. 

B23t—37 to 48 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay 
loam; common fine and medium strong brown (7.5YR 
5/6), pale brown (10YR 6/3), and yellowish red 


38 SOIL SURVEY 


(5YR 5/6) mottles; weak fine and medium subangular 
blocky structure; few thin patchy clay films; very 
strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. 

B3—48 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty 
clay loam; common medium distinct pale brown (10YR 
6/8) mottles; weak medium subangular blocky struc- 
ture; friable; very strongly acid. 


Depth to rock, most commonly shale, is 5 to 10 feet or 
more. The A horizon is brown or yellowish brown loam 5 
to 12 inches thick. The B horizon is yellowish brown, brown, 
or strong brown loam or clay loam to a depth of about 4 
feet. Below this is silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay. The 
content of rounded sandstone gravel or cobblestones ranges 
from 0 to 10 percent, by volume, throughout the soil. 

HoC—Holston loam, 3 to 12 percent slopes. This 
deep, well drained soil is on short side slopes, some of 
which are banks that lead from the river bottom up 
to the high terraces. 

Included with this soil in mapping were a few areas 
of a similar soil where slopes are 12 to 20 percent and 
a few tracts where the soil is mottled silty clay within 
a depth of 80 inches and is 8 to 5 feet deep over shale 
bedrock. Also included were some areas that have 
numerous cobblestones and gravel on the surface and 
throughout the soil. 

This soil has low natural fertility, but crops respond 
well to management. It is well suited to most crops, 
such as corn, soybeans, burley tobacco, small grain, 
annual lespedeza, orchardgrass, tall fescue, and most 
clovers. The hazard of erosion 18 the main limitation 
if the soil is cultivated. The potential is high for most 
urban use, such as dwellings and septic tank absorption 
systems. Capability unit IIIe-3; woodland group 807. 


Jefferson Series 


The Jefferson series consists of deep, loamy, well 
drained soils on benches, fans, and foot slopes. These 
soils formed in thick deposits of material that rolled 
from the higher slopes of sandstone and siltstone 
mountainsides. Slopes are 3 to about 50 percent. 

In a representative profile the surface layer is brown 
fine sandy loam 2 inches thick. The subsurface layer is 
yellowish brown fine sandy loam 5 inches thick. The 
subsoil, to a depth of 43 inches, is strong brown loam. 
The underlying material to a depth of 60 inches is 
strong brown gravelly sandy loam. 

Jefferson soils are naturally low in fertility, but re- 
sponse to liming, fertilization, and other management 
practices is good. The soils are very strongly acid or 
strongly acid throughout the profile. Where limed, the 
surface layer is less acid. Permeability is moderately 
rapid, and the available water capacity is medium. 

Practically all of the acreage is forest. Small, more 
nearly level areas that are cleared are used for pasture 
and row crops. 

Representative profile of Jefferson fine sandy loam, 
12 to 25 percent slopes: 

A1—0 to 2 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) fine sandy loam; 
weak fine granular structure; very friable; many 
roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. 

A2—2 to 7 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine sandy 
loam; weak fine granular structure; friable; many 


roots; 10 percent by volume fragments of sandstone 
less than 1 inch across; strongly acid; clear boundary. 


B1— to 16 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) loam; mod- 
erate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; com- 
mon roots; 15 percent by volume fragments of sand- 
stone less than 2 inches across; strongly acid; gradual 
smooth boundary. 

B21t—16 to 25 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) loam; 
few medium distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3) mottles; 
moderate medium subangular blocky structure; fri- 
able; few roots; few thin patchy clay films on faces 
of peds; 15 percent by volume fragments of sand- 
stone; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. 

B22t—25 to 48 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) loam; 
common medium distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3) 
and yellowish red (5YR 5/6) mottles; friable; few 
roots; many thin patchy clay films on faces of peds; 
15 percent by volume fragments of sandstone; strongly 
acid; clear smooth boundary. 

C—43 to 60 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) gravelly 
sandy loam; common medium distinct yellowish red 
and pale brown mottles; 45 percent by volume frag- 
ments of sandstone; friable; strongly acid. 


The content of coarse fragments, mainly sandstone, is 
as much 88 85 percent, by volume, of each horizon, but 
ranges to 50 percent in the C horizon. The A1 horizon is 
brown or dark grayish brown fine sandy loam or loam. The 
A2 horizon is yellowish brown, dark yellowish brown, or 
brown fine sandy loam or loam. The B and C horizons are 
strong brown, yellowish brown, dark yellowish brown, 
brownish yellow, or, rarely, brown loam, sandy loam, or 
clay loam or their cobbly or gravelly counterparts. Depth 
to bedrock is more than 6 feet. 


JeC—Jefferson fine sandy loam, 3 to 12 percent 
slopes. This deep, well drained soil is on benches and 
fans near the foot of sandstone and siltstone ridges. 
It formed in material that washed or rolled from the 
Steeper slopes. The surface layer is brown and yellow- 
ish brown and is 5 to 10 inches thick. The subsoil is 
strong brown, friable loam or clay loam a few feet 
thick and has some angular fragments of sandstone 
scattered throughout. 

Included with this soil in mapping were a few small 
areas of a brown loamy soil along small, narrow drain- 
ageways and a soil that has a fragipan in a few de- 
pressional spots. Also included were small areas where 
the surface layer is cobbly and gravelly and a few 
areas where slopes are more than 12 percent. 

This soil is well suited to all locally grown crops. It 
is in small tracts and is especially suited to tobacco and 
home gardens. It responds well to management. Be- 
cause of the slope, erosion is a moderate hazard if 
cultivated crops are grown. Hay and pasture crops, 
such as orchardgrass, tall fescue, annual lespedeza, 
sericea lespedeza, white clover, and red clover are well 
suited. The moderately rapid permeability makes chem- 
ical treatment necessary to minimize seepage in pond 
and lake reservoirs. The potential is high for most 
urban use. Capability unit IIIe-8; woodland group 307. 

JeD—Jefferson fine sandy loam, 12 to 25 percent 
slopes. This deep, well drained soil is on foot slopes and 
in mountain coves. It is mainly in the vicinity of Starr 
Mountain, but extends intermittently northeast across 
the county. It has the profile described as representa- 
tive of the series. 

Included with this soil in mapping were small areas 
where slopes are less than 12 percent or more than 25 
percent. Also included were some small areas of soils 
that are shallower and more sandy. 


MONROE County, TENNESSEE 39 


Very little of this soil has been cleared. The soil is 
well suited to trees and pasture. ዲ few areas are used 
for corn, burley tobacco, and home gardens. If the soil 
is cultivated, the hazard of erosion is severe. The mod- 
erately steep slopes are the main management concern 
for both farming and urban use. The potential is me- 
dium for most urban use. Capability unit IVe-1; wood- 
land group 307. 

JeE—Jefferson fine sandy loam, 25 to 50 percent 
slopes. This deep, well drained soil is on the lower parts 
of mountainsides and in coves. The surface layer is 
dominantly brown and is about 5 to 10 inches thick. 
The subsoil is yellowish brown or strong brown, friable 
loam or clay loam. A few small fragments of sandstone 
are scattered throughout. 

Included with this soil in mapping were small areas 
where slopes are less than 25 percent or more than 50 
percent. Also included were some narrow areas of a 
soil less than 20 inches deep over bedrock that is more 
sandy and small areas that have numerous sandstone 
fragments. 

Practically all the acreage is forest, and the soil is 
well suited to this use. Areas that were once cleared 
have reverted to trees or are idle. The steep slopes are 
the main management concern. The potential is low for 
most urban use. Roadbanks are unstable and subject 
a noue Capability unit VIe-1; woodland group 

፲8. 

JfD—Jefferson cobbly fine sandy loam, 12 to 25 
percent slopes. This deep, well drained soil is on foot 
slopes and benches, mainly in the Starr Mountain area. 
'The surface layer is brown and is 6 to 10 inches thick. 
The subsoil is strong brown, yellowish brown, or 
brownish yellow, friable cobbly loam or clay loam. 
. Numerous fragments of sandstone, 1 inch to 10 inches 
ከ) are on the surface and throughout the 
soil. 

Included with this soil in mapping were a few areas 
where slopes are less than 12 percent or more than 25 
percent. Some areas contain less than 15 percent cob- 
blestones in the surface layer. Also included were a 
few small areas of a soil less than 20 inches deep over 
sandstone rock. 

Only a small acreage has been cleared, and most has 
reverted to woodland. The cleared acreage is used 
mainly for pasture. Tall fescue, orchardgrass, sericea 
lespedeza, and white clover are suited. Because of the 


cobblestones in the surface layer and the moderately - 


steep slopes, this soil is poorly suited to cultivated 
crops. The potential 18 medium or low for many urban 
uses. Capability unit VIs-1; woodland group 3x8. 
JfE— Jefferson cobbly fine sandy loam, 25 to 50 per- 
cent slopes. This deep, well drained soil is on lower 
parts of mountainsides and in coves. The surface layer 
is brown and is 5 to 10 inches thick. The subsoil is 
strong brown, yellowish brown, or brownish yellow 
cobbly loam or cobbly clay loam. Numerous cobble- 
stones are on the surface and throughout the soil. 
Included with this soil in mapping were a few areas 
of a soil that has very few cobblestones. Also included 
were a few narrow ledges of sandstone, a few areas 
of a soil less than 20 inches deep over bedrock, and a 


few areas of a soil underlain by shale at a depth of 20 
to 80 inches. 

The entire acreage is forest, which is the most suit- 
able use. The steep slopes and cobblestones are the 
main limitations to use and management. The poten- 
tialis low for most urban use. Road cuts are unstable 
and landslides commonly oceur. Capability unit VIs-1; 
woodland group 3x8. 


Jeffrey Series 


The Jeffrey series consists of well drained loamy 
soils. These soils formed in residuum from arkosic 
sandstone, graywacke, conglomerate, slate, and phyl- 
lite, They are in the high mountains. Elevation is 5,000 
to 5,000 feet. Slopes are 12 to 60 percent. 

In a representative profile the surface layer is very 
dark grayish brown and dark brown cobbly loam about 
8 inches thick. The subsoil, to a depth of 55 inches, is 
brown or dark yellowish brown cobbly loam. The 
underlying material is brown cobbly sandy loam that 
extends to arkosic sandstone bedrock at a depth of 82 
inches. 

Jeffrey soils are strongly acid or very strongly acid 
throughout the profile. Permeability is moderate or 
moderately rapid, and the available water capacity is 
medium. 

Nearly all the acreage is forest, consisting of yellow- 
poplar, black cherry, oak, hemlock, buckeye, birch, 
beech, and white pine. Red spruce and Fraser fir are 
at the higher elevations. 

Representative profile of Jeffrey cobbly loam, 25 to 
60 percent slopes: 


ል1ጌ---0 to 8 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) 
cobbly loam; weak fine and medium granular struc- 
ture: very friable; many roots; about 20 percent by 
volume fragments of phyllite and dark sandstone 
fragments 1 inch to 6 inches in diameter; strongly 
acid; clear wavy boundary. 

A12—8 to 8 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) cobbly loam; 
weak medium granular structure; friable; many 
roots; about 20 percent by volume fragments of phyl- 
lite and sandstone 1 inch to 6 inches in diameter; 
strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. 

B1—8 to 13 inches; brown (10 YR 4/3) cobbly loam; weak 
medium subangular blocky and medium granular 
strueture; friable; common roots; about 25 percent 
by volume fragments of phyllite and sandstone 1 
inch to 6 inches in diameter; strongly acid; clear 
wavy boundary. 

B2—13 to 25 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) 
cobbly loam; weak medium subangular blocky struc- 
ture; friable; common roots; about 30 percent frag- 
ments of phyllite and sandstone 1 inch to 6 inches in 
diameter; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. 

C—25 to 32 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) cobbly sandy loam; 
structureless; massive; about 85 percent by volume 
fragments of dark sandstone and slate 1 inch to 
5 inches in diameter; strongly acid; clear wavy 
boundary. 

R—32 inches; arkosic sandstone rock. 


Depth to bedrock ranges from 20 to 40 inches, The 
solum ranges from 18 to 30 inches in thickness. The sur- 
face area and the solum are 12 to 30 percent coarse frag- 
ments of angular stones, cobbles, or pebbles of arkosic 
sandstone, phyllite, or slate. The C horizon is 15 to 50 
percent coarse fragments. The A horizon is very dark 
grayish brown, dark brown, or very dark brown loam or 


40 SOIL SURVEY 


fine sandy loam 5 to 10 inches thick. The B horizon is 
brown, dark yellowish brown, or yellowish brown loam or 
fine sandy loam. The C horizon is similar in color and tex- 
ture to the B horizon, but commonly has more and larger 
rock fragments. 

JyD—Jeffrey cobbly loam, 12 to 25 percent slopes. 
This moderately deep, well drained soil is on ridge- 
tops and the upper parts of mountainsides. The sur- 
face layer is very dark grayish brown cobbly loam or 
cobbly fine sandy loam 5 to 10 inches thick. Common 
gravel and stones of arkosic sandstone, slate, and phyl- 
lite are on the surface and throughout the profile. 

Included with this soil in mapping were areas where 
slopes are more than 25 percent and areas that have 
only a few fragments of rock. Also included were some 
areas of a soil more than 40 inches deep over bedrock. 

Nearly all the acreage is forest. Yellow-poplar, 
mixed oak, white pine, maple, black cherry, birth, hem- 
lock, and beech are dominant. A very small acreage is 
used for pasture and wildlife plantings. Because of 
the slope and the depth over bedrock, the potential is 
low for farming and many urban uses. Permanent 
streams, good cover, and ample food supply are condu- 
cive to wildlife propagation. The area is suited to hunt- 
ing, fishing, and other recreational activities. Capabil- 
ity unit IVs-1; woodland group 4x9. 

JyF—Jeffrey cobbly loam, 25 to 60 percent slopes. 
This moderately deep, well drained soil is on mountain- 
Sides in the higher sandstone mountain areas. It has 
the profile described as representative of the series. 

Included with this soil in mapping were small areas 
of a similar soil that is more than 40 inches deep over 
bedrock. Also included were small areas, mostly on the 
points of ridges, that are less than 20 inchés deep over 
rock and that have a few rock outcrops. 

Practically all the acreage is forest. Oak, yellow- 
poplar, birch, beech, sugar maple, white pine, and 
hemlock are dominant. ል few cleared areas are used 
for pasture and wildlife plantings. Because of the steep 
slopes and depth over bedrock, the potential is low for 
most uses. Capability unit VIIs-1; woodland group 4x9. 


Leadvale Series 


The Leadvale series consists of moderately well 
drained soils that have a fragipan. These soils are on 
benches, fans, and toe slopes below hillsides under- 
lain by shale. They formed in material that moved 


downslope from the hillsides. Slopes are 2 to 5 percent. ` 


In à representative profile the surface layer is brown 
silt loam about 8 inches thick. The subsoil to a depth 
of 23 inches is yellowish brown, friable silt loam and 
silty clay loam. A fragipan of firm, brittle silty clay is 
between depths of 28 and 88 inches. It is mottled in 
shades of gray and brown. The underlying material to 
a depth of 55 inches is mottled, firm silty clay that 
weathered from shale. 

Leadvale soils are easy to work and respond fairly 
well to management, but are slower to dry out in spring 
than well drained soils. A perched water table is just 
above the fragipan during periods of high rainfall. 
The soils are strongly acid or very strongly acid 
throughout the profile. Where limed, the surface layer 


is less acid. Permeability is moderately slow, and the 
available water capacity is medium. 

These soils are used for corn, small grain, tobacco, 
hay, and pasture. A few tracts are in small farm 
woodlots. 

Representative profile of Leadvale silt loam, 2 to 5 
percent slopes: 


Ap—0 to 8 inches; brown (10YR 4/8) silt loam; weak 
fine granular structure; very friable; medium acid; 
abrupt smooth boundary. 

B1—8 to 16 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silt loam; 
weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; 
strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. 

B2t—16 to 23 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty 
clay loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky 
structure; friable; few fine dark: concretions; thin 
patchy clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid; 
clear smooth boundary. 

'Bx1—23 to 27 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty 
clay loam; common medium distinct pale brown (10YR 
6/3) mottles; weak coarse prismatie structure part- 
ing to weak medium platy; compact, brittle; few dark 
concretions; very strongly acid; gradual smooth 
boundary. 

Bx2—27 to 35 inches; mottled light yellowish brown (10YR 
6/4) and light gray (10YR 7/2) silty clay loam; 
weak coarse prismatic structure parting to weak me- 
dium platy; compact, brittle; black concretionary 
stains; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. 

C—35 to 55 inches; mottled yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), 
strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), light olive brown (2.5Y 
5/6), and light gray (10YR 7/2) silty clay; massive; 
very firm; strongly acid. 


Depth to the fragipan ranges from 20 to 32 inches. 
Depth to shale bedrock ranges from 40 to 72 inches or 
more. The A horizon is brown or yellowish brown silt loam 
6 to 10 inches thick. The B1 and B2 horizons are yellow- 
ish brown or strong brown silt loam or silty clay loam. 
The Bx horizon is yellowish brown, brownish yellow, strong 
brown, or light yellowish brown silt loam or silty clay 
loam. It 18 mottled in shades of brown and gray. The C 
horizon is similar in color to the Bx horizon and many 
profiles are mottled without a dominant color. The C hori- 
zon is silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay. 

LeB—Leadvale silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes. This 
moderately well drained soil is on terraces, on foot 
slopes, and at the heads of drainageways below shale 
hills (fig. 7). It formed in material washed from the 
adjacent soils of the uplands. 

Included with this soil in mapping were small areas 
of gray, somewhat poorly drained soils in depressional 
areas. Also included were small areas where slopes 
are 0 to 2 percent and a few areas where slopes are 
more than 5 percent. 

This soil is fairly well suited to most of the locally 
grown crops. In periods of extremely high rainfall, 
crops such as tobacco and alfalfa are damaged because 
of insufficient aeration of the rooting zone. The poten- 
tial is low for residential developments that depend 
upon septic tank disposal systems for sewage treat- 
ment. It is medium for most other urban use. Capa- 
bility unit IIe-6; woodland group 307. 


Linker Series 


The Linker series consists of moderately deep, well 
drained, loamy soils on mountaintops. Elevation is 
1,200 to 2,500 feet. The soils formed in residuum 
weathered from sandstone. Slopes are 5 to 12 percent. 


Monroe County, TENNESSEE 41 


Figure 7.—hbLeadvale silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes. 


In a representative profile the surface layer is very 
dark grayish brown loam about 1 inch thick. The sub- 
surface layer is yellowish brown loam about 5 inches 
thick. The subsoil is yellowish red. It is friable loam 
in the upper part, friable clay loam in the next part, 
and friable gravelly clay loam in the lower part. Hard 
sandstone bedrock is at a depth of 34 inches. 

Linker soils are strongly acid or very strongly acid. 
Where limed, the surface layer is less acid. Permeabil- 
ity is moderate, and the available water capacity is 
medium. 

Practically all the acreage is forest. 

Representative profile of Linker loam, 5 to 12 per- 
cent slopes: 


ልጌ---0 to 1 inch; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) 
loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; 
many roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. 

A2—1 inch to 6 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; 
moderate fine and medium granular structure; very 
friable; many roots; few small pebbles of sandstone 
and quartzite; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. 

B1—6 to 9 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) loam; weak 
fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few small 
pebbles of sandstone and quartzite; strongly acid; 
clear wavy boundary. 

B21t—9 to 14 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/8) loam; 
moderate fine and medium subangular blocky struc- 


ture; friable; few thin patchy clay films on faces of 
peds; few small pebbles of sandstone and quartzite; 
common roots; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. 
B22t—14 to 28 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) clay 
loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; 
friable; many thin patchy clay films on faces of 
peds; 5 percent by volume small pebbles of sand- 
stone and quartzite; few roots; strongly acid; clear 
wavy boundary. ` 
B23t—28 to 34 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) gravelly 
clay loam; few fine strong brown and yellowish brown 
mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky struc- 
ture; friable; few thin patchy clay films on faces of 
peds; 15 percent by volume fragments of sandstone 
1 inch to 6 inches in diameter; few roots; strongly 


acid. 
R—34 inches; hard sandstone. 


Bedrock is at a depth of 20 to 40 inches, Coarse frag- 
ments of sandstone and quartzite make up to about 15 per- 
cent, by volume, of each horizon. The A horizon ranges 
from 4 to 7 inches in thickness. The A2 horizon is yellow- 
ish brown, brown, or grayish brown loam or fine sandy 
loam. The B2 horizon is yellowish red or red clay loam, 
loam, or sandy clay loam. In some profiles there is a light 
clay loam or loam B3 horizon that frequently contains 
areas or pockets of sandy loam. In a few profiles, there 
is a C horizon mainly of mottled yellow, brown, and 
red sandy loam or gravelly sandy loam. 


LkC—Linker loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes. This mod- 
erately deep, well drained soil is on mountaintops. It 


42 SOIL SURVEY 


has the profile described as representative of the series. 
Depth to sandstone rock is 20 to 40 inches. 

Included with this soil in mapping were a few areas 
of ዉ soil that is gravelly or cobbly throughout. Bedrock 
crops out in a few places. Also included were small 
areas where the subsoil is yellowish and small areas 
that are underlain by silt loam, silty clay loam, or silty 
clay at a depth of about 30 inches. 

This soil has favorable physical properties for a 
variety of plants. Crops respond well to lime and fer- 
tilizer. Most areas are small and within the boundary 
of the national forest. Tree growth is fair. The moder- 
ate depth over rock and the slope are the main limita- 
tions. Because of the depth over bedrock, the potential 
is low for such uses as septic tank absorption fields, 
sanitary landfills, and lagoons. It is medium for such 
uses as roads and light industry. Capability unit 1116-6 ) 
woodland group 401. 


Litz Series 


The Litz series consists of moderately deep, well 
drained soils that formed in residuum weathered from 
acid shale. These soils are in areas of highly dissected 
uplands that are underlain by shale. Slopes are 5 to 35 
percent. : 

In a representative profile the surface layer is yel- 
lowish brown shaly silt loam about 8 inches thick. The 
subsoil to a depth of 22 inches is yellowish brown shaly 
silt loam. It is about 40 percent fragments of soft shale. 
The underlying material to a depth of 36 inches is gray, 
soft acid shale and brownish, yellowish, and reddish 
soil material that is underlain by rippable acid shale. 

Litz soils are strongly acid or very strongly acid. 
Where limed, the surface layer is less acid. Permeabil- 
ity is moderate, and the available water capacity is low. 

These soils are used mostly for pasture and hay. 
A few areas are idle, and some are in mixed hardwood 
and pine forest. . . 

Representative profile of Litz shaly silt loam, 5 to 12 
percent slopes: 

Ap—0 to 8 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) shaly 
silt loam; moderate medium granular structure; 
friable; 25 percent by volume fragments of soft 
shale; common fine roots; strongly acid; clear smooth 
boundary. 

B—8 to 22 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) shaly 
silt loam; few fine distinct yellowish red mottles; 
moderate medium subangular blocky structure; fri- 
able; 40 percent by volume fragments of soft 
shale; few fine roots; strongly acid; clear irregular 
boundary. 

C—22 to 86 inches; soft acid shale that can be dug with 
& spade; it is mainly gray and brownish, yellowish, and 
reddish soft material in cracks and as coating on 
shale fragments; fines make up about 10 percent of 
the mass. 

R—386 inches; rippable acid shale bedrock. 

Depth to rippable shale ranges from 20 to 40 inches. 

The content of shale fragments ranges from about 10 to 

30 percent, by volume, in the A horizon and from 30 to 50 

percent in the B horizon. The Ap horizon is yellowish 

brown or brown silt loam, shaly silt loam, or shaly silty 
clay loam 4 to 8 inches thick. In unplowed areas, there 
is a dark grayish brown Al horizon 1 inch to 2 inches 
thick. The B horizon is yellowish brown, strong brown, 
or yellowish red shaly silt loam or shaly silty clay loam. 


The C horizon is mostly weathered shale in shades of gray 
and brown. It is soft enough to dig with a spade. 

LiC—Litz shaly silt loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes. This 
moderately deep, well drained soil is in tracts of 5 to 10 
acres on the tops of rolling hills. It has the profile de- 
Scribed as representative of the series. Rippable shale 
is between a depth of 20 and 40 inches. 

Included with this soil in mapping were areas less 
than 2 acres in size where the subsoil is yellowish red 
silty clay. Also included were a few areas of a medium 
m to neutral soil that is underlain by calcareous 
shale. 

This soil is best suited to hay, pasture, and trees. 
Tall fescue, sericea lespedeza, and bermudagrass are 
suited. The depth to the root zone, the rapid runoff, 
and the low available water capacity limit the use of 
this soil for most crops. Because of the depth over 
shale and the slow downward movement of water, the 
potential is low for most urban use, such as septic tank 
filter fields. The impermeable shale favors the soil as 
sites for reservoirs, Capability unit IVe-4; woodland 
group 3f8. 

LtD—Litz shaly silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes. 
This moderately deep, well drained soil is on short 
hillsides underlain by shale. The surface layer is yel- 
lowish brown, friable, and 4 to 7 inches thick. The 
subsoil is yellowish brown shaly silt loam or shaly 
silty clay loam. Soft weathered shale is at a depth of 
about 20 inches, and depth to rippable shale is about 
86 inches. 

Included with this soil in mapping were small areas 
of a soil where the subsoil is reddish and clayey. Also 
included were areas of a similar soil that is underlain 
by partly weathered calcareous shale. 

This soil is suited to hay, pasture, and trees. The 
depth over bedrock and the slope are severe limitations 
in cultivated areas. The underlying shale is nearly 
impervious, which is an important consideration in 
selecting sites for pond reservoirs and septic tank 
absorption fields. Because of this feature, the potential 
is low for septic tank absorption fields. Capability 
unit VIe-3; woodland group 3f8. 

LiD3—Liiz shaly silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes, 
severely eroded. This soil is on hilltops and short hill- 
sides. Numerous fragments of shale are on the surface 
and throughout the soil. The surface layer is yellowish 
brown and is 4 to 6 inches thick. The subsoil is yellow- 
ish brown shaly silt loam 6 to 10 inches thick. Weath- 
ered shale is at a depth of about 12 inches, and shale 
rock is at a depth of about 24 inches. Included in map- 
ping were some areas that have gullies 2 feet deep 
and a few areas where shale rock is exposed. | 

The low available water capacity, the depth over 
rock, and the moderately steep slopes are the main 
limitations. The soil is fairly well suited to pasture 
and trees, but pasture is difficult to establish. The 
upper part of the shale rock is rippable and deep plow- 
ing, or subsoiling, is possible. If left idle, the soil gen- 
erally seeds to Virginia pine. Although the soil is mod- 
erately permeable, the undisturbed shale rock is nearly 
impervious to water, which is an important feature in 
engineering uses. The potential is low for septic tank 


Monroe County, TENNESSEE 43 


' absorption fields, but is favorable for water impound- 
ments. Capability unit VIe-3; woodland group 4c3e. 

LtE—Litz shaly silt loam, 20 to 35 percent slopes. 
This moderately deep, well drained soil is on fairly 
short hillsides. It formed in material weathered from 
shale. The surface layer is yellowish brown and is 4 to 
6 inches thick. The subsoil is yellowish brown shaly silt 
loam and extends to a depth of about 20 inches. Below 
this is soft weathered shale extending to rippable shale 
at a depth of about 33 inches. Included in mapping 
were a few small areas where shale bedrock is at the 
surface and a few areas of a soil where the subsoil is 
yellowish red silty clay. 

The steep slopes, the low available water capacity, 
and the shale fragments are the main limitations. The 
soil is fairly well suited to pasture and trees, but pas- 
ture is difficult to establish and maintain because over- 
grazing is common during dry periods. Tall fescue is 
one of the best suited grasses, and pine and hardwood 
are suited. Virginia pine seeds naturally. The shale 
is rippable in the upper part, and deep plowing, or 
subsoiling, is possible. Water moves through the soil 
at a favorable rate, but the shale rock is nearly im- 
pervious to water. This feature causes high runoff 
during heavy rain. Because of the steep slopes and 
the depth over bedrock, the potential is low for urban 
use, such as dwellings and septic tank absorption 
fields. Capability unit VIe-3; woodland group 3f8. 

LY—Litz and Sequoia soils, gullied. This mapping 
unit consists of moderately shallow and deep soils on 
uplands that have many shallow to deep gullies. The 
soils formed in material weathered from shale. Slopes 
range from 10 to 35 percent. Some areas contain both 
Litz and Sequoia soils and some contain only one or 
the other. Gullies commonly are 1 foot 10 8 feet deep 
and make up about 50 to 70 percent of the unit. Typi- 
cally, the exposed subsoil is yellowish brown or yellow- 
ish red shaly silt loam, shaly silty clay loam, or silty: 
clay. Shale bedrock commonly is exposed at the bottom 
of gullies. 

Litz soils have a silt loam, shaly silt loam, or shaly 
silty clay loam surface layer 4 to 7 inches thick. Depth 
to shale bedrock ranges from 20 to 40 inches, but is 
generally 20 to 30 inches. 

Sequoia soils have a silt loam, silty clay loam, silty 
clay, or shaly silty clay loam surface layer about 4 to 
8 inches thick. Depth to soft shale ranges from 20 to 
40 inches. 

The soils in this unit are strongly acid or very 
strongly acid throughout the profile. The available 
water capacity is medium to low, and permeability is 
slow to moderately slow. 

This mapping unit has low potential for farming and 
most urban use. The depth to shale rock, the hazard 
of erosion, the lack of available water, the slope, and 
the slow to moderately slow permeability are the main 
limitations. Capability unit VIIs-1; woodland group 
4ር86. 


Lobdell Series 


The Lobdell series consists of deep, moderately well 
drained soils along streams that originate in the moun- 


tains. These soils formed in recent loamy sediment 
derived chiefly from phyllite, siltstone, sandstone, and 
limestone. Slopes are 0 to 2 percent. I 

In a representative profile the surface layer is brown, 
very friable silt loam about 10 inches thick. Brown and 
dark yellowish brown, friable loam and silt loam faintly 
mottled in shades of gray and brown is between depths 
of 10 and 41 inches. Below this, to a depth of 55 inches, 
is mottled shades of gray and brown gravelly fine 
sandy loam. 

Lobdell soils have good tilth, have moderate to high 
fertility, and respond well to good management. They 
are occasionally flooded for brief periods. They are 
medium acid or slightly acid throughout the profile. 
Movement of water and air is goad. Permeability is 
moderate, and the available water capacity is high. 
Runoff is moderately slow. 

These soils are used for row crops, hay, and pasture. 
Most crops are well suited. Alfalfa, tobacco, and small 
grain, which are the crops affected by wetness and 
occasional flooding, are not well suited. 

Representative profile of Lobdell silt loam: 

Ap—0 to 10 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; weak 
fine granular structure; very friable; many roots; 
slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. 

B2—10 to 19 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4): 
silt loam; few fine faint brown mottles; moderate 
medium granular structure; friable; many roots; 
slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. 

B3—19 to 29 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam; com- 
mon medium faint light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) 
and dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) mottles; moderate me- 
dium granular structure; friable; common roots; 
slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. 

C1—29 to 41 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loam; common 
medium faint light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) and 
dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) mottles; weak medium 
granular structure; friable; medium acid; few small 
pebbles; gradual smooth boundary. 

C2—41 to 55 inches; mottled brown (10YR 5/3), light 
brownish gray (10YR 6/2), and yellowish brown 
(10YR 5/6) gravelly fine sandy loam; massive; me- 
dium acid. 

Depth to bedrock is 5 to 12 feet or more. The soil is 
loam or silt loam and an occasional thin layer of fine sandy 
loam. The A horizon is brown or dark grayish brown. The 
B horizon is brown, dark yellowish brown, or yellowish 
brown mottled in shades of brown and gray. The C hori- 
zon is grayish brown or brown mottled in shades of gray, 
brown, yellow, and red. Round pebbles and other coarse 
oo range from 0 to 15 percent, by volume, in each 
ayer. 

Lz-—Lobdell silt loam. This deep, moderately well 
drained soil is on the bottoms of streams that orig- 
inate in the mountains. It formed in recent sediment 
derived from soils underlain by sandstone, siltstone, 
phyllite, and limestone. Slopes are 0 to 2 percent. 

Included with this soil in mapping were small areas 
of a soil that is dominantly gray below the surface 
layer. Also included were small areas of soils that are 
gravelly throughout. 

This soil is well suited to most row crops, hay, and 
pasture plants, except alfalfa, small grain, and tobacco. 
A seasonal high water table and occasional flooding 
are the main management concerns in farming and 
urban use. A system of open ditches or tile, or both, 
helps to remove the surface water and lower the water 
table. Because of the high water table and the occa- 


44 SOIL SURVEY 


sional brief periods of flooding, the potential is low 
for most urban use. Capability unit IIw-2; woodland 
group 2w8. 


Minvale Series 


The Minvale series consists of deep, well drained, 
loamy soils. These soils are on foot slopes and benches 
below Fullerton and Dunmore soils, which are on adja- 
cent hillsides. Slopes are 2 to 12 percent. 

In a representative profile the surface layer is brown, 
friable silt loam about 6 inches thick. The subsoil to 8 
depth of about 48 inches is strong brown or yellowish 
red, friable silty clay loam. Below this to a depth of 
about 60 inches or more it is red, friable clay. 

Minvale soils are strongly acid or very strongly 
acid throughout the profile. Where limed, the surface 
layer is less acid. Crops respond well to management. 
The available water capacity is high, and permeability 
is moderate. 

These soils are used for a variety of crops and pas- 
ture. Very little acreage is in forest. 

Representative profile of Minvale silt loam, 2 to 5 
percent slopes: 


Ap—0 to 6 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; weak 
fine granular structure; very friable; many roots; 
medium acid; clear smooth boundary. 

B1—6 to 11 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silt loam 
and seams of brown (10YR 5/3); weak fine and me- 
dium subangular blocky structure; friable; common 
roots; few small fragments of chert as much as 1 
inch across; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. 

B21t—11 to 20 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) silty 
clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky struc- 
ture; friable; common roots; few thin discontinuous 
clay films; few small fragments of chert as much as 
1 inch across; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. 

B22t—20 to 32 inches; yellowish red (SYR 5/6) silty clay 
loam; few fine light yellowish brown mottles; moder- 
ate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; com- 
mon roots; few thin discontinuous clay films; few 
fragments of chert as much as 1 inch across; strongly 
acid; gradual smooth boundary. 

B23t—32 to 48 inches; yellowish red (BYR 4/6) silty 
clay loam; few medium yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) 
and red (2.5YR 5/6) mottles; moderate medium sub- 
angular and angular blocky structure; friable; few 
thin discontinuous clay films; few fragments of chert 
as much as 1 inch across; strongly acid; gradual 
smooth boundary. 

B3t—43 to 60 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) clay; few medium 
distinct light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) mottles; 
moderate fine and medium subangular blocky struc- 
ture; friable; few thin discontinuous clay films; few 
i ር of chert as much as 1 inch across; strongly 
acid. 


Depth to rock, most commonly limestone, is more than 
6 feet. Chert fragments make up about 5 to 15 percent, 
by volume, of each horizon. The surface layer is yellow- 
ish brown, brown, or strong brown silt loam or silty clay 
loam 6 to 10' inches thick. The BI horizon is yellowish 
brown or strong brown silt loam or silty clay loam. The 
B2 horizon is yellowish red, red, or, rarely, strong brown. 
The B3 horizon is yellowish red or red silty clay loam or 
clay. These soils contain fewer coarse fragments than is 
defined for the series, but this difference does not alter 
their use and behavior. 


MnB—Minvale silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes. This 
deep, well drained soil is in tracts of 2 to 5 acres on 


foot slopes and benches below hillsides, It has the pro- 
file described as representative of the series. 

Included with this soil in mapping were small areas 
that are more than 15 percent, by volume, fragments 
of chert throughout. Also included were a few small, 
level or slightly depressed areas where the soil has 
grayish mottles in the subsoil and a weakly developed 
fragipan is evident. Some areas are crossed by drain- 
ageways, and along these drains are narrow strips of 
brown silt loam a few feet thick. 

This soil is well suited to all crops commonly grown 
in the county. It responds well to a high level of man- 
agement. The hazard of erosion is the dominant limita- 
tion to farming. The potential is high for most urban 
use. Capability unit IIe-1; woodland group 307. 

MnC—Minvale silt loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes. This 
deep, well drained soil is on foot slopes and benches. 
Most areas are 2 to 5 acres in size. The surface layer 
is brown and is 6 to 10 inches thick. The subsoil is 
strong brown and yellowish red, friable silty clay loam 
to a depth of about 43 inches and is red clay below that 
depth. A few chert fragments are on the surface and 
throughout the soil. 

Included with this soil in mapping were spots where 
the soil is 15 to 20 percent chert fragments. Also in- 
cluded were a few severely eroded areas where the 
surface layer is reddish silt loam or silty clay loam. 

This soil is not difficult to manage. The moderate 
slopes and the hazard of erosion are the only significant 
limitations to farming. All commonly grown crops are 
well suited. The potential is high for most urban use. 
Capability unit IIIe-1; woodland group 307. 


Montevallo Series 


The Montevallo series consists of shallow, well 
drained shaly soils. These soils formed in material 
weathered from acid shale. Slopes are 12 to 30 per- 
cent. 

In ዉ representative profile the surface layer 18 dark 
grayish brown silt loam about 2 inches thick. The sub- 
surface layer is brown shaly silt loam about 4 inches 
thick. The subsoil to a depth of 17 inches is light yel- 
lowish brown shaly silt loam. Shale fragments increase 
in size and volume with depth. Fractured shale and 
silt loam in cracks and seams extends to rippable acid 
shale at a depth of 32 inches. 

Montevallo soils are strongly acid or very strongly 
acid. The available water. capacity is low, and per- 
meability is moderate. 

Farm use of these soils is limited by the slope, the 
shallow depth to bedrock, and the low available water 
capacity. The soils are best suited to trees and most 
cleared areas have reverted to Virginia pine or mixed 
hardwoods. 

Representative profile of Montevallo shaly silt loam, 
12 to 80 percent slopes: 

A1—0 to 2 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) shaly 
silt loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; 
many roots; 15 percent by volume brown, olive, and 
red shale fragments about % inch long; very strongly 


acid; abrupt smooth boundary. 
A2—2 to 6 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) shaly silt loam; 


Monroe County, TENNESSEE 45 


weak fine granular structure; very friable; many 
roots 20 percent by volume shale fragments; very 
strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. 

B1—6 to 12 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) 
shaly silt loam; weak fine subangular blocky struc- 
ture; friable; common roots; 85 percent by volume 
shale fragments; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth 
boundary. 

B2—12 to 17 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) 
shaly silt loam; weak fine subangular blocky struc- 
ture; friable; 50 percent by volume shale fragments; 
common roots along seams and cracks in shale; very 
strongly acid; gradual irregular boundary. 

C—17 to 32 inches; fractured shale that contains light 
yellowish brown silt loam in seams and cracks; few 
large roots; very strongly acid; clear irregular 
boundary. 

R—32 inches; rippable acid shale. 


Depth to soft shale ranges from 10 to 20 inches. Depth 
to hard rock is 20 to 36 inches. The A horizon is grayish 
brown, dark grayish brown, or brown shaly silt loam that 
is 15 to 35 percent or more, by volume, shale fragments. 
The B horizon is yellowish brown, light yellowish brown, 
or strong brown shaly silt loam or shaly silty clay loam 
that is between 35 and 60 percent, by volume, fragments 
of shale. 

MtE—Montevallo shaly silt loam, 12 to 30 percent 
slopes. This shallow, well drained soil is on strongly 
dissected hillsides and on knobby outliers of the moun- 
tains. 

Included with this soil in mapping were a few areas 
where shale bedrock is at the surface. Also included 
were a few areas on narrow ridgecaps where slopes are 
less than 12 percent. 

Because of the slope, the depth over rock, and the 
low available water capacity, this soil is poorly suited 
to farming. It is generally best suited to trees. Because 
of the slope and the depth over bedrock, the potential 
is low for most urban use. Capability unit VIIs-1; 
woodland group 409. 


Neubert Series 


The Neubert series consists of deep, well drained, 
loamy soils. These soils are on narrow bottoms along 
intermittent streams and on foot slopes. They formed 
in sediment washed mainly from Tellico and Steekee 
80118, Slopes are 0 to about 8 percent. 

In a representative profile the surface layer is dark 
reddish brown, friable loam about 7 inches thick. Be- 
low this to a depth of more than 63 inches is dark 
reddish brown, friable loam, silt loam, and fine sandy 
loam. 

Neubert soils are medium acid or slightly acid 
throughout the profile. Response to management is 
very good. Overwash of sediment from adjacent slopes 
is common. These soils are subject to rare, very brief 
flooding. Permeability is moderate, and the available 
water capacity is high. 

Most areas have been cleared and are used for corn, 
small grain, tobacco, hay, and pasture. Some small 
narrow strips are idle or have reverted to forest. 

Representative profile of Neubert loam: 

Ap—0 to 7 inches; dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) loam; 
weak medium granular structure; very friable; many 


roots; few soft reddish sandstone fragments about 1 
inch across; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. 


C1—7 to 18 inches; dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) 
loam; weak medium granular structure or massive; 
thin dark brown horizontal strata or bedding planes; 
very friable; common roots; few reddish sandstone 
fragments less than 2 inches across; slightly acid; 
gradual smooth boundary. 

C2—18 to 28 inches; dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) 
fine sandy loam; massive; very friable; thin dark 
brown bedding planes; common roots; few reddish frag- 
ments of sandstone 1 inch to 2 inches across; slightly 
acid; abrupt smooth boundary. 

C8—28 to 88 inches; dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) silt 
loam; massive; friable; few roots; thin dark brown 
bedding planes; slightly acid; abrupt smooth 
boundary. 

C4—88 to 48 inches; dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) loam; 
few fine faint dark red and dark brown mottles; mas- 
sive; faint bedding planes; very friable; few roots; 
few reddish sandstone fragments as much as 2 inches 
across; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. 

C5—43 to 63 inches; dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) 
loam; few medium distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4, 10YR 
4/3) and pale brown (10YR 6/3) mottles; massive; 
friable; few reddish sandstone fragments as much as 
2 inches across; slightly acid. 


The soil is dark reddish brown, dusky red, and reddish 
brown loam or fine sandy loam and has a thin subhorizon 
of silt loam. The content of reddish sandstone or sandy 
limestone fragments ranges from 1 to 10 percent, by 
volume. Few to common mottles in shades of brown, red, 
yellow, and gray are below a depth of 25 to 80 inches in 
some profiles. Depth to bedrock is more than 6 feet. 

Ne—Neubert loam. This deep, well drained soil is 
along small streams and drainageways. Most areas 
range from 1 acre to 5 acres in size. Slopes are 0 to 
about 3 percent. 

Included with this soil in mapping were spots of a 
soil that has a few gray mottles about 20 inches below 
the surface. Also included were a few small areas that 
are 15 to 20 percent, by volume, sandy limestone frag- 
ments. 

Overwash of sediment from adjacent slopes and 
rare, very brief flooding are the main limitations to use 
of this soil. Most row crops commonly grown are 
suited, and tobacco and vegetables are well suited. The 
soil is nearly level and can be row cropped every year. 
Many areas are small and odd shaped and are not suit- 
able for use as separate fields. The potential is medium 
for most urban use. Capability unit I-1; woodland 
group 207. 


Newark Series 


The Newark series consists of somewhat poorly 
drained soils. These soils are on flood plains in low 
areas away from the stream channels. They formed in 
sediment deposited by rivers and creeks. Slopes are 0 
to 2 percent. 

In a representative profile the surface layer is brown, 
friable silt loam about 12 inches thick. The subsoil to 
a depth of 24 inches is grayish brown mottled silt loam. 
The underlying material to a depth of 60 inches is 
grayish brown and gray, friable silt loam mottled in 
shades of yellow, olive, and brown. 

Except in areas where the water table is at or near 
the surface for long periods in winter and spring, 
Newark soils have good tilth. The movement of air and 
water is restricted by the seasonal water table. The 


46 BOIL SURVEY 


soils are medium acid to mildly alkaline throughout the 
profile. Most areas are occasionally flooded for very 
brief periods. Permeability is moderate, and the avail- 
able water capacity is high. Runoff is very slow. 
These soils are used for hay, pasture, and to a lesser 
extent, corn. Most of the larger areas are cleared. 
Representative profile of Newark silt loam: 

Ap—0 to 12 inches; brown (10YR 5/8) silt loam; few 
fine faint light brownish gray mottles; moderate fine 
granular structure; neutral; clear smooth boundary. 

B2g—12 to 24 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt 
loam; common fine faint yellowish brown and strong 
brown mottles; weak medium granular structure; fri- 
able; neutral; gradual smooth boundary. 

Clg—24 to 81 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silt 
loam; common medium distinct light olive brown 
2.5Y 6/4) mottles; massive; friable; common fine 
black concretions; clear smooth boundary. ` . 

C2g—31 to 60 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) silt loam; light olive 
brown (2.5Y 5/4) root seams and ped faces; mas- 
sive; friable; neutral. 


The A horizon is dark yellowish brown, brown, or dark 
grayish brown silt loam. The B horizon commonly is gray- 
ish brown or light brownish gray silt loam and has brown- 
ish and yellowish mottles. The C horizon ranges from 
grayish brown to gray silt loam or silty clay loam. Thin 
subhorizons of loam are in some pedons. 

Nk—Newark silt loam. This somewhat poorly 
drained soil is on flood plains. It is commonly in slight- 
ly depressional areas away from the channels. Slopes 
are 0 to 2 percent. The water table is at or near the 
surface during most of winter and spring, and the soil 
is occasionally flooded for very brief periods. Included 
in mapping were small areas of a grayer and more 
poorly drained soil and a few spots of a soil that is 
moderately well drained. 

Use of this soil is limited by wetness and occasional 
flooding. The soil is suited to crops that can be planted 
late, such as soybeans, and to crops that can tolerate 
wetness, such as tall fescue. Because the soil is nearly 
level, erosion is no hazard, even when the soil is row 
cropped each year. Open ditch or tile drainage broad- 
ens the use of the soil and insures greater success of 
most suited crops. The potential is low for most urban 
use. Capability unit IIw-3; woodland group 2w8. 


Philo Series 


The Philo series consists of moderately well drained 
soils on flood plains. These soils formed in sediment 
washed mainly from soils underlain by phyllite, slate, 
sandstone, and shale. Slopes are 0 to 2 percent. 

In a representative profile the surface layer is 
brown, friable silt loam about 10 inches thick. The 
subsoil to a depth of about 30 inches is yellowish 
brown, friable silt loam mottled in shades of brown and 
gray. The underlying material to a depth of about 50 
inches is dominantly gray, mottled loam and sandy 
loam that contains some sandstone gravel. 

Philo soils are occasionally flooded, mostly late in 
winter and early in spring, for very brief periods. They 
are strongly acid. Where limed, the surface layer is 
less acid. The available water capacity is high and 
permeability is moderate. 

These soils are used for corn, hay, and pasture. Some 


very narrow areas along intermittent drains are still 
in forest. 
Representative profile of Philo silt loam: 

Ap—0 to 10 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; weak 
and medium granular structure; friable; few small 
gravel; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. 

B1—10 to 18 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt 
loam; many brown (10YR 4/3) and few grayish 
brown (10YR 5/2) mottles; moderate medium granu- 
lar and weak fine subangular blocky structure; fri- 
able; few small gravel; strongly acid; clear wavy 
boundary. 

B2—18 to 30 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt 
loam; many fine to coarse grayish brown (10YR 5/2) 
and light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) mottles; weak 
fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few small 
gravel; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. 

C1—30 to 38 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) 
loam; many yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and brown 
(7.5YR 4/4) mottles; massive; friable; 10 percent by 
volume small gravel; strongly acid. 

C2—38 to 52 inches; mottled brown, grayish brown, yel- 
lowish brown, and light brownish gray gravelly fine 
sandy loam; massive; very friable; 20 to 30 percent 
by volume coarse fragments, mainly waterworn 
gravel; few mica flakes; strongly acid. 


The A and B horizons are silt loam and loam that are 
as much as 15 percent coarse fragments. The fragments, 
mainly waterworn gravel and channery fragments, make 
up as much as 40 percent of the C2 horizon. The A hori- 
zon is brown or dark grayish brown. The B horizon is 
brown or yellowish brown. It has few to common mottles 
in the upper 6 inches. Below a depth of about 24 inches, 
mottles are common to many. Mica content is generally 
low, but ranges to medium. 

Ph—Philo silt loam. This is a deep, moderately well 
drained soil in long, narrow-shaped areas along creeks 
and branches in the mountains. Slopes are 0 to 2 per- 
cent, 

Included with this soil in mapping were a few spots 
where the surface layer is sandy loam and gravelly 
sandy loam. In a few places the soil is gravelly through- 
out. 

Occasional, brief flooding and the high water table 
during part of winter and spring are the main man- 
agement concerns. Tobacco, alfalfa, and small grain 
are not generally suited because of the hazard of 
flooding. The soil is suited to all plants commonly 
grown that are not easily damaged by excess water. 
Because of flooding and wetness, the potential is low 
for most urban use, Capability unit IIw-2; woodland 
group 2w8. 


Pope Series 


The Pope series consists of deep, well drained loamy 
soils on flood plains and along drainageways on the 
narrow bottoms in the low mountain area. These soils 
formed in sediment washed from soils underlain by 
phyllite and slate. Elevation is 1,000 to 2,000 feet. 
Slopes are dominantly 0 to 3 percent. 

In a representative profile the soil is brown and 
yellowish brown, friable loam to a depth of about 36 
inches. Below this to a depth of 56 inches is yellowish 
brown, friable fine sandy loam. The profile throughout 
is about 8 to 15 percent small pebbles. 

Pope soils are strongly acid. Where limed, the sur- 


Monroe County, TENNESSEE 47 


face layer is less acid. Occasional flooding occurs in 
winter and late in spring, but generally lasts only a few 
hours. Permeability is moderate or moderately rapid, 
and the available water capacity is high. 
Most of the larger areas have been cleared and are 
used for corn, tobacco, vegetables, hay, and pasture. 
Representative profile of Pope loam: 

Ap—0 to 8 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loam; weak fine 
granular structure; friable; 5 percent by volume small 
gravel; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. 

B21—8 to 86 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; 
weak medium granular structure; friable; 10 percent 
by volume small gravel; strongly acid; clear wavy 
boundary. 

B22—36 to 46 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine 
sandy loam; common fine pale brown and light yel- 
lowish brown mottles; weak medium granular struc- 
ture; very friable; 15 percent by volume small gravel; 
strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. 

C—46 to 56 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine sandy 
loam; many medium pale brown (10YR 6/3) and 
brown (10YR 4/3) mottles; massive; very friable; 
15 percent by volume gravel; strongly acid. 


Coarse fragments, mainly waterworn gravel and chan- 
nery fragments, make up 8 to 15 percent, by volume, of 
each horizon, but range to as much as 40 percent below a 
depth of about 40 inches. The Ap horizon is brown, dark 
grayish brown, dark yellowish brown, or strong brown 
loam, fine sandy loam, or silt loam. 

Po—Pope loam. This is 8 deep, well drained 801 in 
narrow strips along streams in the mountainous area 
of the county. Slopes are 0 to 3 percent. 

Included with this soil in mapping were a few low- 
lying areas of a soil that has gray mottles between 
depths of 12 and 24 inches. Also included were small 
areas where the surface is 15 percent chert fragments. 

This soil is well suited to row crops. Areas are small, 
but are well suited to tobacco and home gardens, Flood- 
ing is the main limitation. Because of flooding, the 
potential is low for most urban use. Capability unit 
I-1; woodland group 207. 


Purdy Series 


The Purdy series consists of poorly drained soils on 
low terraces and in depressions in the uplands. These 
soils formed in fine-textured alluvium. Slopes are 0 
to 2 percent. 

In a representative profile the surface layer is gray- 
ish brown silt loam about 8 inches thick. The subsoil 
is light gray and gray, mottled, friable silt loam and 
silty clay loam to a depth of about 28 inches. Below 
this to a depth of 50 inches or more it is gray, mottled 
clay that is firm, sticky, and plastic. 

Purdy soils are difficult to work. They can be worked 
within only a narrow range of moisture content. After 
a heavy rain, standing water covers most areas for a 
few hours or a few days. The soils are medium acid 
to very strongly acid. Where limed, the surface layer 
is less acid. Permeability is slow, and the available 
water capacity is medium. 

These soils are used mainly for permanent pasture. 
Some of the acreage is idle. 

Representative profile of Purdy silt loam: 


Ap—0 to 8 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam; 
common medium distinct light gray (10YR 7/1) mot- 


tles and few fine prominent dark reddish brown 
mottles; weak fine granular structure; friable; me- 
dium acid; smooth boundary. 

Big—8 to 12 inches; light gray (10YR 7/1) silt loam; 
few coarse prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/6) mot- 
tles; weak medium and fine subangular blocky struc- 
ture; friable; strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. 

B21tg—12 to 28 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) silty clay loam; 
common medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/6) 
and strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) mottles; moderate 
medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few dis- 
continuous clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid; 
gradual smooth boundary. 

B22tg—28 to 50 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) clay; common 
medium prominent red (2.5YR 4/8) mottles; weak 
medium subangular blocky structure; firm, sticky 
and plastic; many discontinuous clay films on faces 
of peds; strongly acid. 


Depth to bedrock is 4 feet or more. The Ap horizon is 
grayish brown or dark grayish brown silt loam or silty 
clay loam 5 to 9 inches thick, The B2g horizon is gray 
or light gray ‘silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay. It has 
common to many mottles in shades of yellow, brown, and 
red. 

Pu—Purdy silt loam. This is a deep, poorly drained 
soil in tracts of 2 to 5 acres on low terraces and in 
depressions. The surface layer is grayish brown, fri- 
able, and about 8 to 9 inches thick. The subsoil is dom- 
inantly grayish and is clayey in the lower part. Slopes 
are 0 to 2 percent. 

Included with this soil in mapping were spots of a 
slightly browner and better drained soil. Also included 
were areas of a soil that has recent overwash of brown 
loam 12 to 24 inches thick, and a few areas where the 
subsoil is light yellowish brown. 

Slow permeability and occasional flooding or ponded 
water limit this soil for farming and urban use. It 
remains wet much of the fall, winter, and spring. It is 
suited to water-tolerant perennial grasses, such as tall 
fescue. Water-tolerant trees grow well. If suitable out- 
lets are available, open በቪርከ68 help to remove surface 
water. Tile drains generally do not function well be- 
cause of the plastic, clayey, slowly permeable subsoil. 
The slow permeability favors the use of this soil as 
sites for pond and lake reservoirs. The potential is low 
for most urban use. Capability unit IVw-1; woodland 
group 2w9. 


Ramsey Series 


The Ramsey series consists of somewhat excessively 
drained, loamy soils that are less than 20 inches deep 
over sandstone rock. These soils are in mountainous 
areas. Elevation is 1,000 to 3,000 feet. Slopes are 20 
to 70 percent. 

In a representative profile the surface layer is dark 
grayish brown sandy loam about 2 inches thick. The 
subsurface layer is brown sandy loam 5 inches thick. 
The subsoil is yellowish brown sandy loam that ex- 
tends to sandstone bedrock at a depth of 16 inches. 

Ramsey soils are strongly acid or very strongly acid. 
The available water capacity is low, and permeability 
is rapid. i 

Most of the acreage is pine and mixed hardwood 
forest. | 

Representative profile of Ramsey sandy loam, in an 


48 SOIL SURVEY 


area of Ramsey-Rock outcrop complex, 20 to 70 per- 
cent slopes: 

A1—0 to 2 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) sandy 
loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; 15 
per cent by volume coarse sandstone fragments; many 
roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. 

A2—2 to 7 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) sandy loam; weak 
fine granular structure; very friable; 15 percent by 
volume fragments of sandstone; many roots; strongly 
acid; clear smooth boundary. 

B—7 to 16 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy 
loam; weak or moderate medium granular structure; 
very friable; 15 percent by volume fragments of sand- 
stone; common roots; strongly acid. 

R—16 inches; acid sandstone bedrock. 


Depth to sandstone bedrock ranges from 8 to 20 inches. 
Each horizon is up to 35 percent, by volume, fragments of 
sandstone or quartzite. The A2 and B horizons are sandy 
loam or loam. In some profiles, there is a C horizon of 
yellowish brown loamy sand and many fragments of 
sandstone. 

RaF—Ramsey-Rock outcrop complex, 20 to 70 per- 
cent slopes. This mapping unit consists of small areas 
of Ramsey soils and outcrops of sandstone rock so 
intermingled they could not be separated at the scale 
selected for mapping. It is on the upper part of steep, 
high mountainsides. 

Ramsey sandy loam makes up about 60 percent of 
the unit. Typically, the surface layer is brown sandy 
loam and the subsoil is yellowish brown sandy loam. 
Bedrock is at a depth of 16 inches. Permeability is 
rapid, and the available water capacity is low. 

Sandstone rock outcrop makes up about 40 percent 
of the unit. It extends from about 1 foot to several feet 
above the surface. In some places it forms an escarp- 
ment or free face at the rim of mountaintops. 

Included with this unit in mapping were some spots 
where the soil is less than 8 inches deep over bedrock 
and others where it is more than 20 inches deep. 

This unit has a low potential for farming and urban 
use. Steep slopes, shallowness over rock, and rock out- 
crops are difficult limitations to overcome. Capability 
unit VIIs-1; woodland group 5x3. 


Ranger Series 


The Ranger series consists of well drained soils that 
formed in residuum from phyllite. These soils are on 
mountain ridges and side slopes. Elevation is 1,000 to 
8,000 feet. Slopes are 12 to 60 percent. 

In a representative profile the surface layer is dark 
grayish brown channery silt loam about 1 inch thick. 
The subsurface layer is brown channery silt loam about 
5 inches thick. The subsoil is yellowish brown chan- 
nery silt loam that extends to phyllite bedrock at a 
depth of 26 inches. It is 40 to 60 percent, by volume, 
fragments of phyllite. 

Ranger soils are strongly acid or very strongly acid 
throughout the profile. Permeability is moderate, and 
the available water capacity is low to medium. 

The acreage is mainly forest. Cleared areas, particu- 
larly on steeper slopes, have reverted to forest. A few 
small, less steep tracts are in pasture, and a few 
patches are used for home gardens. 


Representative profile of Ranger channery silt loam, 
25 to 60 percent slopes: 

ዕ5--1 inch to 0; black (10YR 2/1) organic mat of hard- 
wood and pine litter. 

Al—0 to 1 inch; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) chan- 
nery silt loam; moderate fine granular structure; very 
friable; many roots; abrupt smooth boundary. 

A2—1 inch to 6 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) channery silt 
loam; moderate medium granular structure; friable; 
common roots; 20 percent by volume thin fragments 
of phyllite as much as 8 inches long; strongly acid; 
clear wavy boundary. 

B2—6 to 18 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) chan- 
nery silt loam; weak fine subangular blocky and me- 
dium granular structure; friable; common roots; 40 
percent by volume thin fragments of phyllite as 
much as 6 inches long; strongly acid; gradual wavy 
boundary. 

B3—18 to 26 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) chan- 
nery silt loam; weak coarse subangular blocky struc- 
ture; friable; few roots; 60 percent by volume 
fragments of reddish phyllite as much as 12 inches 
long and 2 inches thick; some of the fragments are 
thinly coated on the upper surfaces with clayey and 
silty soil material; strongly acid; clear irregular 
boundary. 

R—26 inches; hard phyllite rock. 


Depth to phyllite, slate, or siltstone ranges from 20 to 
40 inches; coarse fragments make up 10 to 85 percent, by 
volume, of the surface layer and 35 to 60 percent of the 
subsoil. Fragments range from 1 inch to 12 inches long 
and from less than 1 inch to about 3 inches thick. The A 
horizon is brown or yellowish brown channery silt loam 5 
to 8 inches thick. The B horizon is yellowish brown, strong 
brown, or brown channery silt loam or channery silty clay 
loam. In places, there is a thin argillie horizon of yellowish 
brown, strong brown, or, rarely, yellowish red channery 
silty clay loam or channery silt loam. 


RgD—Ranger channery silt loam, 12 to 25 percent 
slopes. This well drained, moderately steep soil is on 
side slopes in the low mountainous area of the county. 
The surface layer is brown, friable, and about 5 to 
8 inches thick. It is about 20 percent, by volume, phyl- 
lite fragments. The subsoil is yellowish brown, brown, 
or strong brown channery silt loam or channery silty 
clay loam that is 85 to 60 percent fragments of phyllite. 
Depth to bedrock ranges from about 20 to 40 inches. 

Included with this soil in mapping were some areas 
where slopes are less than 12 percent or more than 25 
percent. Also included were small areas where bedrock 
is at or near the surface and a few areas of a redder 
soil that is more than 40 inches deep over bedrock. 

This soil is best suited to trees. Because of the slope 
and the depth over bedrock, the potential is low for 
farming and most urban use. Capability unit VIe-3; 
woodland group 3f8. 

RgF—Ranger channery silt loam, 25 to 60 percent 
slopes. This well drained, steep soil is on mountain- 
sides. It has the profile described as representative of 
the series. The surface layer is brown and is 5 to 8 
inches thick. The subsoil is yellowish brown channery 
silt loam. Depth to bedrock is uneven. It is dominantly 
20 to 30 inches, but ranges from 20 to 40 inches. 

Narrow ridgecaps of Ranger soil where slopes are 
less than 25 percent were included with this soil in 
mapping. Some tracts contain spots of sandy goils un- 
derlain by sandstone. Also included were ridge points 
about 10 to 20 feet wide where phyllite rock is at or 


MonroE County, TENNESSEE 49 


near the surface. About 10 to 15 percent of this map- 
ping unit is a deep, brown soil that occurs on the 
lower parts of slopes and extends up the narrow 
hollows. 

Practically all the acreage is forest, and the soil is 
best suited to this use. The steep slopes, the moderate 
depth over rock, and the large amount of phyllite frag- 
ments in the soil are the main limitations. The steep 
slopes severely limit this soil for farming and urban 
use, Capability unit VIIe-2; woodland group 3f9. 


Sequatchie Series 


The Sequatchie series consists of deep, well drained 
soils on low terraces. These soils formed in sediment 
washed from uplands underlain by sandstone and 
shale. Slopes are 0 to 2 percent. 

In a representative profile the surface layer is dark 
brown, friable loam about 9 inches thick. Below this 
to a depth of 55 inches is dark brown and strong 
brown, friable loam. Below a depth of about 18 inches, 
the content of gravel is 10 to 15 percent. 

Sequatchie soils are strongly acid or very strongly 
acid. Where limed, the surface layer is less acid. The 
response to good management is excellent. Permea- 
po is moderate, and the available water capacity is 

igh. 

These soils are used for a wide variety of row crops, 
hay, and vegetables. 

Representative profile of Sequatchie loam: 


Ap—0 to 9 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) loam; weak 
fine granular structure; very friable; many roots; 
medium acid; abrupt smooth boundary. 

B1—9 to 13 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) loam; 
weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; 
strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. 

B21t—13 to 18 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) loam; 
moderate fine and medium subangular blocky struc- 
ture; friable; thin discontinuous clay films on faces 
of peds; clear wavy boundary. 

B22t—18 to 84 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) loam; 
weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; 
thin discontinuous clay films on faces of peds; 10 per- 
cent by volume gravel; strongly acid; clear smooth 
boundary. 

B3— 34 to 55 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) loam; com- 
mon medium distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3) mottles; 
weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; 15 
percent by volume gravel; strongly acid. 

Depth to bedrock is 5 feet or more. The A horizon is 
dark brown or dark yellowish brown fine sandy loam, loam, 
or, rarely, silt loam 5 to. 12 inches thick. The B horizon is 
dark brown, strong brown, yellowish brown, or dark yel- 
lowish brown loam, silt loam, or clay loam. The C horizon 
is brown or yellowish brown loam, sandy loam, or loamy 
sand mottled in shades of gray, brown, or yellow. Content 
of gravel and other coarse fragments ranges from 0 to 
15 percent in the solum, but is as much as 30 percent in 
the C horizon in some profiles. 


Sa—-Sequatchie loam. This deep, well drained soil is 
on low terraces. Slopes are 0 to 2 percent. 

Included with this soil in mapping were small areas 
of a soil that has gray mottles at a depth of about 20 
inches. Also included were spots where the profile is 
more than 15 percent gravel or coarse fragments and 
small areas where slopes are more than 2 percent. 

This soil is well suited to all crops commonly grown, 


such as corn, soybeans, burley tobacco, and small grain. 
It responds well to good management. Erosion is not 
a serious hazard and row crops can be grown every 
year. Rare flooding in some areas is a slight limitation 
to some farming uses. This same limitation causes 8 
moderate potential for most urban use. The hazard of 
flooding must be determined for each area. Capability 
unit I-1; woodland group 207. 


Sequoia Series 


The Sequoia series consists of moderately deep, well 
drained soils that have a clayey subsoil. These soils 
formed in material weathered from acid shale. They 
are on low rolling hills. Slopes are 2 to 20 percent. 

In a representative profile the surface layer is brown 
silt loam about 6 inches thick. The subsoil to a depth 
of about 34 inches is yellowish red, firm silty clay. 
Below this is rippable, acid shale rock that contains 
thin seams and coatings of soil material in the upper 
12 to 24 inches. 

Except in severely eroded areas, Sequoia soils have 
good tilth. They are strongly acid or very strongly acid 
throughout the profile. Where limed, the surface layer 
is less acid. Permeability is moderately slow, and the 
available water capacity is medium to low depending 
on the depth to rock. Runoff is medium to rapid. 

These soils are used mainly for pasture and hay. 
Small patches of corn, small grain, and tobacco are 
also grown. A few areas are in small farm woodlots. 

Representative profile of Sequoia silt loam, 2 to 5 
percent slopes: 


Ap—0 to 6 inches; brown (10YR 4/8) silt loam; weak 
medium granular structure; friable; many roots; 
strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. . 

B1—6 to 9 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) silty clay 
loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; 
firm; eommon roots; strongly acid; clear smooth 
boundary. . 

B21t—9 to 19 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) silty clay; 
strong fine and medium subangular and. angular 
blocky structure; firm; thin continuous clay films on 
faces of peds; few roots; strongly acid; gradual 
smooth boundary. 

B22t—19 to 28 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) silty clay; 
common yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) mottles; strong 
fine and medium angular blocky structure; firm; 
percent by volume small weathered shale fragments; 
thin continuous clay films on faces of peds; few roots; 
strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. N 

B3—28 to 34 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) silty clay; 
common yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) mottles; moder- 
ate fine and medium angular blocky strueture; firm; 
15 percent by volume small weathered shale frag- 
ments; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. 

C—34 to 50 inches; soft tilted olive and yellow acid shale; 
few thin seams of soil material in cracks and coating 
shale fragments. 


Thickness of the solum and depth to soft shale range 
from 20 to 40 inches. Depth to hard shale is 5 feet or 
more. The Ap horizon is mainly brown, strong brown, or 
dark grayish brown silt loam 4 to 8 inches thick. In severe- 
ly eroded areas it is strong brown or yellowish red silty 
clay loam or silty clay. The B horizon most commonly is 
yellowish red, but it ranges to strong brown, especially in 
the upper and lower parts. It is silty clay or clay except 
for thin subhorizons of silty clay loam. 


SeB— Sequoia silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes. This 


50 SOIL SURVEY 


moderately deep, well drained soil is in tracts of 2 to 5 
acres, mostly on the tops of low hills. It has the profile 
described as representative of the series. 

Ineluded with this soil in mapping along drainage- 
ways were small areas of a brownish, mottled soil that 
is silt loam to a depth of 2 feet or more. Also included 
were spots where the surface layer is reddish silty 
clay loam or silty clay. 

This soil is moderately well suited to a variety of 
row crops, such as corn, small grain, soybeans, grain 
sorghum, and burley tobacco. It is well suited to sericea 
lespedeza, annual lespedeza, orchardgrass, tall fescue, 
white clover, red clover, and other pasture and hay 
crops. The available water capacity is medium. The 
root zone is moderately deep. In cultivated areas, ero- 
sion is a hazard and soil-conserving measures are 
needed. 

Moderately slow permeability and the impermeable 
underlying shale bedrock favor the soil as sites for 
water impoundments. These same features, however, 
cause a low potential for septic tank absorption fields. 
The soil has a medium potential as sites for dwellings 
without basements. Capability unit IIIe-5; woodland 
group 307. 

SeC2—Sequoia silt loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes, 
eroded. This moderately deep, well drained soil is on 
low-lying hillsides. It is underlain by acid shale. The 
surface layer is brown and is 4 to 7 inches thick. The 
subsoil is yellowish red, firm silty clay. Depth to soft 
rippable shales ranges from 20 to 40 inches. 

Included with this soil in mapping were severely 
eroded spots where the surface layer is reddish silty 
clay loam or silty clay. Also included were a few small 
areas of a soil that has shale rock between depths of 
10 and 20 inches and small areas where the depth to 
soft shale is more than 40 inches. 

This soil is fairly well suited to locally grown crops. 
The slope, the limited effective rooting depth, the mod- 
erately slow permeability, and the medium available 
water capacity are important considerations in man- 
aging this soil for crops and pasture. Response is mod- 
erate to good management. Runoff and the hazard of 
further erosion make this soil best suited to hay and 
pasture. Tall fescue, orchardgrass, annual lespedeza, 
sericea lespedeza, white clover, and red clover are 
suited. 

Because of the moderately slow permeability and 
impermeable underlying shale bedrock, the potential of 
this soil is high as sites for ponds and lakes, but low 
for septic tank absorption systems. The potential is 
medium for dwellings without basements. Capability 
unit IVe-5; woodland group 307. 

SeD2— Sequoia silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes, 
eroded. This moderately deep, well drained, moderately 
steep soil is on hillsides. It formed in material weath- 
ered from acid shale. The surface layer is brown and 
is 4 to 7 inches thick. The subsoil is yellowish red silty 
clay and is underlain by soft weathered shale at a depth 
of 20 to 40 inches. 

Included with this soil in mapping were a few small 
areas of a soil that is less than 20 inches deep over rock 
and contains many fragments of shale. Also included 


were many small severely eroded areas where the sur- 
face layer is reddish and clayey. 

This soil is fairly well suited to pasture, hay, and 
small grain. It has moderately steep slopes, rapid run- 
off, moderate depth to impervious shale, and moder- 
81617 slow permeability. The hazard of further erosion 
is severe for row crops. The potential is low for most 
urban use, but it is medium for dwellings without base- 
ments. Capability unit VIe-2; woodland group 80". 

SgC3—Sequoia silty clay, 5 to 12 percent slopes, 
severely eroded. This is a well drained, moderately deep 
soil on the tops and sides of low-lying hills. It is under- 
lain by acid shale. The surface layer is yellowish red, 
firm silty clay 4 to 7 inches thick. The subsoil is 
yellowish red, firm silty clay. Soft rippable shale is 
between depths of 20 and 40 inches. 

Included with this soil in mapping were small areas 
of a soil that is less than 20 inches deep over soft shale 
and contains many shale fragments. Also included were 
small areas where the depth to soft shale ranges from 
40 to 60 inches. 

This soil is fairly well suited to pasture, small grain, 
and hay. The hazard of further erosion is severe for 
row crops. Grasses and legumes are difficult to estab- 
lish because of the clayey surface layer and the result- 
ing low available water capacity and poor workability. 
ልይ a result of the moderately slow permeability, mod- 
erate depth to impervious shale, and clayey texture, 
the potential is low for septic tank absorption fields. 
It is medium for dwellings without basements. Capa- 
bility unit VIe-2; woodland group 4c3e. 

SgD3— Sequoia silty clay, 12 to 20 percent slopes, 
severely eroded. This clayey, moderately deep soil is 
on hillsides. It formed in material weathered from 
shale. The surface layer is yellowish red and is B to 7 
inches thick. The subsoil is yellowish red silty clay. 
Soft shale is at a depth of 20 to 40 inches. 

A few small gullied areas were included with this 
soil in mapping. Also included were patches of shallow 
shaly soils less than 20 inches deep over rock. 

This soil is only fair for pasture and hay. Tall fescue, 
sericea lespedeza, and bermudagrass are best suited. 
'The clayey surface layer makes the soil difficult to work 
and causes a high seedling mortality. The moderately 
steep slopes, rapid runoff, moderately slow permea- 
bility, and low available water capacity are manage- 
ment concerns in farming. The potential is low for 
most urban use, but it is medium for dwellings with- 
a basements. Capability unit VIe-2; woodland group 

ር86. 


Shelocta Series 


The Shelocta series consists of deep, well drained 
Soils on foot slopes and benches of mountains. These 
soils formed in sediment derived chiefly from shale, 
siltstone, and phyllite rock. Slopes are 8 to 25 percent. 

In ል representative profile the surface layer is brown 
silt loam about 8 inches thick. The subsoil, to a depth 
of 88 inches, is yellowish brown, friable silt loam and 
silty clay loam. Between depths of 35 and 48 inches, it 
is strong brown silty clay loam. Below this, to a depth 


Mownozs County, TENNESSEE 51 


of 60 inches, it is light yellowish brown silt loam that 
is faintly mottled with yellowish brown. 

Shelocta soils are strongly acid or very strongly 
acid. Where limed, the surface layer is less acid. Per- 
meability is moderate, and the available water capacity 
is high. 

Most areas are forest. Only the more nearly level 
areas are cleared. They are used for pasture and small 
patches of corn and garden crops. 

Representative profile of Shelocta silt loam, 3 to 12 
percent slopes: 


Ap—0 to 8 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; moderate 
fine and medium granular structure; friable; few 
shale or siltstone chips less than 1 inch across; many 
small roots; medium acid; abrupt smooth boundary. 

B1—8 to 18 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam; 
weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few 
small shale or siltstone fragments; common roots; 
strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. 

B21t—18 to 35 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty 
clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky struc- 
ture; friable; few thin discontinuous clay films on 
faces of peds; few shale or siltstone fragments and 
quartzite gravel; few roots; strongly acid; clear wavy 
boundary. 

B22t—85 to 48 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) silty 
clay loam; common fine and medium. distinct brownish 
yellow (10YR 5/6) and red (2.5YR 4/6) mottles; 
moderate medium subangular blocky structure; fri- 
able; common thin discontinuous clay films on faces 
of peds; few small shale or siltstone and quartzite 
fragments; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. 

B3—48 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) 
silt loam; common fine and medium faint yellowish 
(10YR 5/6) mottles; moderate medium and coarse 
subangular blocky structure; friable; about 10 per- 
cent by volume fragments of shale and siltstone; 
strongly acid. 


‘Depth to bedrock is more than 4 feet. The content of 
coarse sandstone and siltstone fragments ranges from 8 
to 20 percent in the surface layer, from 8 to 30 percent 
in the upper part of the subsoil, and from 10 to 85 percent 
in the lower part. The A horizon is brown or yellowish 
brown silt loam or loam. The B horizon is mainly yellow- 
ish brown or strong brown, but is also brownish yellow, 
reddish yellow, and light yellowish brown silt loam, clay 
loam, or silty clay loam. In some profiles the C horizon is 
yellowish brown, light yellowish brown, brownish yellow, 
or olive brown silt loam or loam that contains few to 
many shale, siltstone, or phyllite fragments. 

ShC—Shelocta silt loam, 3 to 12 percent slopes. This 
deep, well drained soil is in tracts of 5 to 15 acres on 
benches and foot slopes. It has the profile described as 
representative of the series. 

Included with this soil in mapping were areas that 
are more than 15 percent shale or siltstone fragments. 
Also included were areas of Shelocta silt loam where 
slopes are less than 8 percent or more than 12 percent. 

The acreage is mainly woodland. Cleared areas are 
used for row crops, hay, and pasture. Most crops are 
suited, including corn, soybeans, burley tobacco, and 
small grain. The slope is the only significant limitation 
to both farming and urban use. The hazard of erosion 
is the main limitation in cultivated areas. The potential 
is high for most urban use. Capability unit IIIe-1; 
woodland group 307. 

ShD—Shelocta silt loam, 12 to 25 percent slopes. 
This deep, well drained soil is on moderately steep foot 
slopes. The surface layer is brown or yellowish brown 


and is friable. The upper part of the subsoil is yellow- 
ish brown or strong brown, friable silt loam or silty 
clay loam. The lower part is light yellowish brown or 
brownish yellow and has few mottles in shades of 
brown and red. 

Ineluded with this soil in mapping were small areas 
of 8 soil that is gravelly or cobbly throughout. Also 
included were areas where slopes are less than 12 per- 
cent or more than 25 percent. 

Practically all the acreage is woodland. The slope 
is the main limitation to farming and urban use. The 
hazard of erosion is severe in cultivated areas. The 
soil is well suited to trees, and growth is good. The 
potential is medium for most urban use. Capability 
unit IVe-1; woodland group 307. 


Shouns Series 


The Shouns series consists of deep, well drained, 
loamy soils. These soils are on foot slopes, side slopes, 
and benches in the mountains. They formed in material 
that moved downslope from soils derived from arkosic 
sandstone, conglomerate, phyllite, quartzite, and slate. 
Slopes are 12 to 25 percent. 

In a representative profile the surface layer is dark 
grayish brown silt loam 2 inches thick. The subsurface 
layer is brown silt loam about 7 inches thick. The sub- 
soil is about 47 inches thick. It is strong brown silt 
loam in the upper part, yellowish red silty clay loam 
in the next part, and yellowish red loam in the lower 
part. The underlying material is yellowish red and 
strong brown channery loam to a depth of 64 inches 
or more. 

Shouns soils are strongly acid throughout the pro- 
file. Permeability is moderate, and the available water 
capacity is high. 

Practically all the acreage is forest. 

Representative profile of Shouns silt loam, 12 to 25 


percent slopes: 


ል1---0 to 2 inches; dark grayish brown (10፡5 4/2) silt 
loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; few 
phyllite, quartzite, and sandstone fragments % tol 
inch across; many roots; strongly acid; abrupt smooth 
boundary. 

A2—2 to 9 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam; moderate 
medium granular structure; friable; few small frag- 
ments of sandstone as much as 1 inch across; many 
roots; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. . 

B1—9 to 14 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) silt loam; 
weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; 
few small fragments of sandstone as much as 1 
inch across; common roots; strongly acid; clear wavy 
boundary. 

B21t—14 to 29 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) silty clay 
loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; 
friable; few thin discontinuous clay films on faces of 
peds; few fragments as much as 2 inches across; com- 
mon roots; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. 

B22t—-29 to 39 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) silty clay 
loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; 
friable; many thin discontinuous clay films on faces 
of peds; about 8 percent by volume fragments of 
sandstone as much as 6 inches across; few roots; 
strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. 

ኸ8---80 to 56 inches; yellowish red (SYR 5/6) loam; com- 
mon fine and medium faint strong brown, yellowish 
brown, and red mottles; moderate medium and coarse 
subangular blocky structure; friable; about 15 per- 


52 SOIL SURVEY 


cent by volume fragments of sandstone, mainly 1 inch 
to 2 inches across, few are as much as 6 inches across; 
strongly acid; abrupt irregular boundary. 

C—56 to 64 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) and strong 
brown (7.5YR 5/6) channery loam; 40 percent by 
volume fragments of sandstone as much as 10 or 12 
inches long and 2 inches thick; massive except for rock 
structure; strongly acid. 


Depth to bedrock, largely phyllite, is 5 to 10 feet. The 
surface area and the solum are 5 to 25 percent coarse frag- 
ments, mainly sandstone, conglomerate, phyllite, and 
quartzite. The C horizon is about 25 to 50 percent coarse 
fragments. The Al horizon is very dark grayish brown, 
dark grayish brown, or dark brown. The A2 horizon is 
brown, dark yellowish brown, or strong brown silt loam 
or loam. The B1 horizon is strong brown or yellowish 
brown. The B2 horizon is yellowish red or red silty clay 
loam or clay loam. The B3 horizon is yellowish red or red 
loam, clay loam, or silt loam, The C horizon is similar to 
the B3 horizon in color and texture but contains more 
coarse fragments. 


SnD—Shouns silt loam, 12 to 25 percent slopes. This 
is a deep, well drained, loamy soil on foot slopes and 
benches in the mountains. It has the profile described 
as representative of the series, Permeability is mod- 
erate, and the available water capacity is high. 

A few areas where slopes are 5 to 12 percent were 


included with this soil in mapping. Also included was: 


a small acreage where slopes are 25 to 50 percent. 

Most of the acreage is forest. The few cleared areas 
are used for pasture and wildlife plantings. Almost all 
locally grown crops are well suited. The soil is well 
suited to trees and growth is good. The slope is the main 
limitation in farming. This same limitation causes 6 
medium potential for most urban use. Capability unit 
IVe-1; woodland group 307. 


Spivey Series 


The Spivey series consists of deep, well drained, 
steep, cobbly soils in coves and on the lower part of 
mountainsides. These soils formed in material that 
moved downslope from mountains underlain by arkosic 
sandstone, conglomerate, phyllite, and slate. Slopes are 
20 to 60 percent. 

In a representative profile the surface layer is very 
dark brown cobbly loam about 12 inches thick. The 
subsoil, to a depth of 48 inches, is dark yellowish brown 
and brown, friable cobbly loam. The underlying ma- 
terial to a depth of 60 inches is yellowish brown, friable 
cobbly loam. 

Spivey soils are strongly acid or very strongly acid 
throughout the profile. Permeability is moderate and 
moderately rapid, and the available water capacity is 
medium. 

These soils are in forest and are well suited to this 
use. Poplar, red oak, white oak, basswood, hickory, 
silver bell, white pine, and hemlock are dominant. 

Representative profile of Spivey cobbly loam, 20 to 
60 percent slopes: 

A1—0 to 12 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) cobbly 
loam; moderate medium granular structure; very fri- 
able; many roots; about 60 percent by volume rock 
fragments ranging from small slate and phyllite chips 
to arkose fragments 15 inches or more across; strongly 
acid; clear irregular boundary. 


B1—12 to 22 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) 
cobbly loam; few pockets and former root channels 
filled with very dark brown (10YR 2/2); weak me- 
dium and fine subangular blocky structure; friable; 
many roots; about 50 percent by volume arkose, 
shale, and phyllite fragments of varied shapes and 
sizes ranging to as much as 15 inches in size; strongly 
acid; clear wavy boundary. 

B2—22 to 36 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) cobbly loam; 
weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; 
many roots; about 40 percent by volume arkose, slate, 
and phyllite fragments ranging to as much as 12 
inches in size; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. 

88---86 to 48 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) 
cobbly loam; weak medium and fine subangular blocky 
structure; friable; common roots; about 35 percent by 
volume arkose, slate, and phyllite fragments ranging 
to as much as 12 inches in size; strongly acid; gradual 
wavy boundary, 

C—48 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) cobbly 
loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure, mas- 
sive in places; friable; few roots; about 25 percent 
by volume arkose, slate, and phyllite fragments as 
much as 12 inches in size; strongly acid. 


Depth to bedrock ranges from 40 to 75 inches or more. 
Fragments of slate, phyllite, and arkose range from 40 to 
70 percent of the Al and B1 horizons, from 30 to 60 
percent of the B2 and B3 horizons, and from 20 to 60 
percent in the C horizon. Fragments are mainly 1 inch 
to 12 inches in size, but some arkose and graywacke frag- 
ments are as large as 3 feet in diameter. The fine earth 
fractions of each horizon is silt loam or loam and in a 
few profiles subhorizons are sandy loam. The A horizon 
is very dark brown, very dark grayish brown, dark brown, 
and black. The B and C horizons are brown, dark yellow- 
ish brown, yellowish brown, or strong brown, 


SpF—Spivey cobbly loam, 20 to 60 percent slopes. 
This deep, well drained soil is in coves, in hollows, or 
on the lower mountainsides. 

Included in mapping were small areas that have 
very few cobbles, a few areas that are more than 70 
percent cobbles, and some tracts where slopes are more 
than 60 percent. Also included were small areas of a 
soil where the surface layer is light brown. 

The steep slopes and the high content of cobbles limit 
use of this soil. Woodland is well suited. Northern 
red oak, white oak, basswood, hickory, yellow-poplar, 
silver bell, white pine, and hemlock are dominant. The 
slope is a limitation to most farm and urban uses, and 
the potential is low. Cuts for roads are subject to land- 
slides. Capability unit VIIs-1; woodland group 2x9. 


Staser Series 


The Staser series consists of deep, well drained soils 
that are mainly along the Tellico River. These soils 
formed in sediment on first bottoms that washed from 
the Smoky Mountains. Slopes are 0 to 2 percent. 

In a representative profile the soil is dark brown 
loam to a depth of 35 inches. Below this, to a depth of 
ገ inches or more, is dark yellowish brown fine sandy 

oam. 

Staser soils have good tilth, but are frequently 
flooded for very brief periods during winter and 
spring. They are medium acid to neutral. Permeability 
18 moderate and moderately rapid, and the available 
water capacity is high. Runoff is slow. 

These soils are suited to most crops commonly grown 


Monroe County, TENNESSEE 53 


in the county. Corn, soybeans, vegetables, hay, and pas- 
ture are the main crops. Practically all the acreage has 
been cleared. 

Representative profile of Staser loam: 

Ap—0 to 8 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) loam; moder- 
ate medium granular structure; very friable; many 
roots; few fine mica flakes; slightly acid; clear smooth 
boundary. 

A12—8 to 24 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) loam; weak 
medium subangular blocky and medium granular 
structure; friable; common fine roots; few fine mica 
flakes; few pebbles about 15 inch in diameter in lower 
part; medium acid; clear smooth boundary. 

A18—24 to 85 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) loam; 
weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few 
fine roots; few mica flakes; very few pebbles about 
% inch in diameter; medium acid; gradual smooth 
boundary. 

B—35 to 52 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) fine 
sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; 
very friable; few fine mica flakes; medium acid. 


Depth to bedrock is 6 feet or more. The A horizon is 
dark brown, very dark grayish brown, or very dark brown 
loam, silt loam, or fine sandy loam. The B horizon is brown, 
dark yellowish brown, or yellowish brown fine sandy loam 
to silt loam. In some profiles, there 18 8 dark yellowish 
brown, or yellowish brown, or brown loam or fine sandy 
loam C horizon. 

Ss—Staser loam. This deep, well drained soil is on 
flood plains of the Tellico River. Slopes are 0 to 2 
percent. 

Included with this soil in mapping were small areas 
of 8 soil on second bottoms that has a yellowish clay 
loam subsoil. Also included were spots of a soil that 
has gray mottles at a depth of about 20 inches. 

This soil is well suited to farming. Crop response is 
excellent to good management, and most crops com- 
monly grown are suited. Because the soil is nearly level, 
the hazard of erosion is slight and row crops can be 
grown each year. The frequent, very brief flooding is 
the main limitation. Because of flooding, the potential 
is low for most urban use. This soil is an excellent 
source of topsoil. Capability unit I-1; woodland group 
207. 


Statler Series 


The Statler series consists of deep, loamy, well 
drained soils. These soils are on low terraces or second 
bottoms, mostly along the Little Tennessee River and 
Tellico River. They formed in sediment washed from 
the Smoky Mountains. Slopes are 0 to 2 percent. 

In a representative profile the surface layer is very 
dark grayish brown loam about 9 inches thick. The 
subsoil, to a depth of about 50 inches, is brown, friable 
loam. The underlying material to a depth of 60 inches 
is brown, friable loam. Small flakes of mica are com- 
mon throughout the profile. 

Statler soils are medium acid or strongly acid 
throughout the profile, Where limed, the surface layer 
is less acid. Most areas are flooded occasionally for very 
brief periods. The available water capacity is high, and 
permeability is moderate. 

These soils are used intensively for row crops, pas- 
ture, and hay. 


Representative profile of Statler loam: 


Ap—0 to 9 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) 
loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; 
many roots; common fine mica flakes; slightly acid; 
clear smooth boundary. 

B1—9 to 16 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) loam; few dark 
grayish brown (10YR 3/2) streaks and coatings; 
weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; 
many roots; common fine mica flakes; medium acid; 
gradual.smooth boundary. 

B2t—16 to 38 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) loam; weak fine 
and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; 
common roots; few thin discontinuous clay films on 
faces of peds; common fine mica flakes; medium acid; 
gradual smooth boundary. 

B3—38 to 50. inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) loam; weak me- 
dium subangular blocky structure; friable; few roots; 
common fine mica flakes; medium acid; gradual 
smooth boundary. 

C—50 to 60 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) loam; weak fine 
subangular blocky structure; very friable; common 
fine mica flakes; medium acid. 


The Ap horizon is dark brown, very dark grayish brown, 
or, rarely, dark yellowish brown loam or silt loam 7 to 
10 inches thick. The B horizon most commonly is brown 
and ranges to strong brown and dark yellowish brown. It 
is clay loam, loam, silt loam, or occasionally fine sandy 
loam to a depth of 80 inches or more. The C horizon is 
brown or yellowish brown loam, silt loam, or fine sandy 
oam. 

St—Statler loam. This deep, well drained soil is in 
tracts of 2 to 5 acres on low terraces, mainly along the 
Little Tennessee River and Tellico River. Slopes are 
0 to 2 percent. 

Included with this soil in mapping were a few areas 
of a soil where the surface layer and subsoil are sandy 
loam. Also included were spots of a moderately well 
drained soil on low terraces that has gray mottles be- 
tween depths of 15 and 20 inches and areas where 
slopes are more than 2 percent. 

This soil is highly productive. It is well suited to a 
wide range of crops, including corn, burley tobacco, 
vegetables, and soybeans. There are no serious man- 
agement concerns in farming. Flooding generally does 
not damage crops. Most areas are nearly level, and 
cultivated crops can be grown each year. Because most 
areas are occasionally flooded very briefly, the potential 
is low for most urban use, such as dwellings. Capability 
unit I-1; woodland group 207. 


Steekee Series 


The Steekee series consists of well drained, loamy 
soils on high ridges. These soils formed in material 
weathered from reddish, caleareous sandstone and 
sandy shale. Depth to hard rock is 20 to 40 inches. The 
upper few inches of the rock is weathered and can be 
dug with hand tools. Slopes are 20 to 50 percent. 

In a representative profile the surface layer is dark 
reddish brown fine sandy loam about 1 inch thick. The 
subsurface layer is dark reddish brown loam about 4 
inches thick. The subsoil is reddish brown loam that 
extends to soft rock at a depth of 18 inches. Fragments 
of sandy shale and sandstone are scattered throughout 
the profile, especially in the lower part. 

Steekee soils are strongly acid or very strongly acid. 


54 SOIL SURVEY 


The response to management is low. The available 
water capacity is low, and permeability is moderate. 
Practically all the acreage is mixed hardwood and 
pine forest. The few cleared areas are used for pasture. 
Representative profile of Steekee loam, 20 to 50 per- 
cent slopes: 

ፈ1---0 to 1 inch; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2) fine sandy 
loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; 
strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. 

A2—1 inch to 5 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) 
loam; weak medium granular structure; very friable; 
many roots; 5 percent by volume small fragments of 
sandstone; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. 

B21—5 to 10 inches; reddish brown (5YR 5/4) loam; 
weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; 
common roots; 5 percent by volume fragments of 
reddish sandstone; strongly acid; clear smooth 
boundary. 

B22—10 to 18 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) chan- 
nery loam; weak medium subangular blocky struc- 
ture; friable; common roots; about 15 percent by 
volume fragments of reddish sandstone ranging to 
as much as 4 inches long; strongly acid. 

C—18 to 24 inches; rippable sandstone and sandy shale; 
thin seams of reddish loam in cracks and coating rock 
fragments. 

R—24 inches; hard calcareous sandstone and sandy shale 
rock. 


Depth to rippable reddish, calcareous sandstone and red- 
dish sandy shale ranges from 12 to 20 inches. Depth to 
hard rock ranges from 20 to 40 inches. Soft and hard frag- 
ments of reddish sandstone and reddish shale are 
throughout the soil. Generally, these fragments increase 
in number and size as depth increases and range from 
about 5 to 15 percent, by volume, of the A horizon and 
from about 10 to 25 percent, by volume, of the B horizon. 
The A2 horizon is dark reddish brown, reddish brown, dark 
reddish gray, or brown loam or fine sandy loam. The B 
horizon is reddish brown, yellowish red, or dark reddish 
brown loam or fine sandy loam. 

SvF—Steekee loam, 20 to 50 percent slopes. This 
soil is on the sides of high, frequently dissected ridges. 
It is dominantly on south- and west-facing side slopes. 
Typically, the soil is about 18 inches deep to soft red- 
dish sandstone and sandy shale. The upper few inches 
of the bedrock has been softened by weathering. 

Included with this soil in mapping were a few small 
areas of a soil that has a silty clay subsoil underlain by 
grayish shale. Numerous outcrops of bedrock are on 
some of the points of ridges. Also included were small 
areas of a soil that is more than 40 inches deep over 
rock, 

This soil is best suited to forest. Mixed hardwoods 
and pines are dominant. Because of the steep slopes and 
the depth over bedrock, the soil is poorly suited to row 
crops or pasture. Many small cleared areas have re- 
seeded to Virginia pine. Tree growth is slow. Because 
of the slope and the depth over bedrock, the potential 
is low for urban use. Capability unit VIIe-2; woodland 
4d3. 


534160 Series 


The Sylco series consists of moderately deep, well 
drained, steep, channery soils that formed in material 
weathered from phyllite and slate. These soils are on 
mountainsides. Elevation is about 2,500 to 4,500 feet. 
Slopes are about 25 to 65 percent. 


Ina representative profile the surface layer is very 
dark grayish brown channery silt loam about 1 inch 
thick. The subsurface layer is brown channery silt 
loam about 4 inches thick. Below this, to a depth of 
83 inches, is dark yellowish brown and strong brown, 
friable, channery silt loam that is underlain by hard 
phyllite bedrock. . 

Syleo soils are strongly acid or very strongly acid 
throughout the profile, Permeability is moderate, and 
the available water capacity is moderately low. 

Practically all the acreage is forest. Chestnut oak, 
scarlet oak, white oak, Virginia pine, pitch pine, maple, 
hickory, and sourwood are dominant. . 

Representative profile of Sylco channery silt loam, 
25 to 68 percent slopes: 

Al—0 to ጊ inch; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) 
channery silt loam; weak fine granular structure; 
very friable; 10 percent by volume fragments of 
phyllite as much as 10 inches long; many roots; 
strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. . 

A2—1 inch to 5 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) channery silt 
loam; weak medium granular structure; very friable; 
many roots; about 20 percent by volume flat fragments 
of phyllite as much as 3 inches long; strongly acid; 
clear smooth boundary. 

Bi—5 to 12 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) 
channery silt loam; weak medium and fine subangular 
blocky structure; friable; many roots; about 20 per- 
cent by volume thin, flat fragments of phyllite rang- 
ing from less than 1 inch to about 4 inches long; 
strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. 

B2—12 to 24 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) channery 
silt loam; weak medium and fine subangular blocky 
structure; friable; many roots; about 30 percent by 
volume thin flat fragments of phyllite ranging from 
less than 1 inch to about 4 inches long; strongly 
acid; gradual smooth boundary. 

C—24 to 33 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) channery 
silt loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; 
friable; common roots; about 60 percent by volume 
flat fragments of phyllite as much as 6 inches long; 
strongly acid. 

R—33 inches; hard phyllite rock. 

Depth to bedrock is 20 to 40 inches. Slate or phyllite 
fragments range from about 10 to 30 percent, by volume, 
of the A horizon, from 15 to 35 percent of the B horizon, 
and from 40 to 80 percent of the C horizon. The A1 hori- 
zon is very dark grayish brown or dark grayish brown. 
The A2 horizon is brown or yellowish brown. The B hori- 
zon is yellowish brown, dark yellowish brown, brown, or 
strong brown. The C horizon is similar in color to the B 
horizon. 

SyF—Syleo channery silt loam, 25 to 65 percent 
slopes. This moderately deep, well drained soil is main- 
ly on mountainsides. It formed in material weathered 
from phyllite or slate at an elevation of 2,500 to 4,500 
feet. 

Included with this soil in mapping were similar soils 
on ridgecaps where slopes are less than 25 percent and 
small areas of a soil that has fewer coarse fragments 
throughout the profile. Also included were small areas, 
especially on ridgepoints, of & soil that is less than 20 
inches deep over phyllite rock and numerous, small 
areas of a soil in coves and on lower parts of side slopes 
that are brown or dark brown loam or silt loam 
throughout and are more than 40 inches deep over 
bedrock. SC 

Nearly all the acreage is forest. The soil is best 
suited to this use, but tree growth is fairly slow. Vir- 


Monroe County, TENNESSEE 55 


ginia pine and piteh pine are on the southerly aspect 
and ridgetops. Mixed hardwoods of oak, maple, sour- 
wood, hickory, and a few hemlocks and white pines are 
on northern slopes. Because of the steep slopes and the 
depth over bedrock, the potential is low for most farm 
and urban use. Road cuts are subject to landslides. 
Capability unit VIIe-2; woodland group 4r8. 


Talbott Series 


The Talbott series consists of moderately deep, well 
drained soils that have a plastie clayey subsoil. These 
soils are on low-lying hills in a narrow belt extending 
northeast and southwest of the Fork Creek Commu- 
nity. They formed in residuum weathered from lime- 
stone. Slopes are 5 to 40 percent. : 

In a representative profile the surface layer is brown 
silt loam about 5 inches thick. The subsoil is plastic 
clay and extends to bedrock at a depth of 34 inches. 
It is yellowish red in the upper part, strong brown in 
the next part, and yellowish brown in the lower part. 
It is mottled in shades of red, brown, and yellow. 

Talbott soils are fairly easy to work, except where 
the plow layer is the clayey subsoil material. They are 
mainly strongly acid. Where limed, the surface layer 
is less acid, and a thin layer just above the limestone 
bedrock ranges from medium acid to mildly alkaline. 
Permeability is moderately slow, and the available 
water capacity is medium to low depending on depth 
to rock. Runoff is rapid. 

These soils are used mostly for hay and pasture. 
Many steep areas are in forest. 

Representative profile of Talbott silt loam, 5 to 12 
percent slopes, eroded: 


ልዩ--0 to 5 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; moder- 
ate medium granular structure; friable; many roots; 
abrupt smooth boundary. 

B21t—5 to 11 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) clay; few 
medium distinct brown (10YR 4/3) mottles; mod- 
erate fine angular blocky structure; firm; plastic; few 
thin discontinuous clay films on faces of peds; few 
fine dark concretions; common roots; strongly acid; 
clear smooth boundary. 

B22t—11 to 16 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) clay; 
common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) 
and yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) mottles; moderate 
fine and medium angular blocky structure; very firm; 
plastic; thin continuous clay films on faces of peds; 
few fine dark concretions; common roots; strongly 
acid; clear wavy boundary. . 

B23t—16 to 28 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) clay; 
many medium distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/6) mot- 
tles; plastic; moderate fine and medium angular 
blocky structure; very firm; thin continuous clay films 
on faces of peds; few fine dark concretions; common 
roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. 

B24t—28 to 34 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay, 
common medium distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/6) 
mottles; weak fine and medium angular blocky struc- 
ture; very firm; plastic; few thin discontinuous clay 
films on faces of peds; few fine dark concretions; 
few roots; neutral. 

R—34 inches; limestone bedrock. 


The Ap horizon is 4 to 7 inches thick. It is mainly 
brown, yellowish brown, or strong brown silt loam or silty 
clay loam. In severely eroded areas, it is yellowish red 
silty clay or clay. The B horizon is clay or silty clay. It 
is yellowish red or red in the upper part and red, yellow- 


ish red, strong brown, or yellowish brown in the lower 
part. Depth to bedrock ranges from 20 to 40 inches. 

TaC2—Talbott silt loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes, 
eroded. This moderately deep, well drained soil is in 
tracts of 8 to 10 acres on hilltops. It has the profile de- 
scribed as representative of the series. 

Included with this soil in mapping were spots of 
soils in depressions that are brown, friable silt loam to 
a depth of 30 inches or more. Also included were nu- 
merous severely eroded spots within most mapped 
areas where the surface layer is strong brown or yel- 
lowish red silty clay loam or clay and numerous small 
areas that are more than 40 inches deep over bedrock. 

This soil is fairly well suited to hay and pasture. 
Orchardgrass, tall fescue, annual lespedeza, sericea les- 
pedeza, white clover, and red clover are suited. Re- 
sponse to improved management is limited by the 
medium available water capacity. The depth over bed- 
rock, the moderately slow permeability, and a clayey 
subsoil affect use of this soil. Runoff and the hazard of 
erosion severely limit the soil for. row crops, except in 
a cropping system that includes adequate soil-conserv- 
ing measures. The potential is low for most urban 
use. Capability unit IVe-5; woodland group 8c2. 

TaD2—Talbott silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes, 
eroded. This moderately deep, well drained soil is in 
tracts of 3 to 10 acres on short hillsides. The surface 
layer is brown and is 4 to 7 inches thick. The subsoil 
is dominantly yellowish red and strong brown, plastic 
clay mottled in shades of yellow, brown, and red. Depth 
to bedrock ranges from 20 to 40 inches. 

Included with this soil in mapping were small areas 
of a soil less than 20 inches deep over bedrock and a 
few outcrops of limestone. Also included were nu- 
merous, severely eroded spots where the surface layer 
is reddish silty clay loam or clay. 

This soil is suited to pasture or trees. Use of the 
soil is limited by the slope, the low available water 
capacity, the moderately slow permeability, the clayey 
subsoil, and the depth over rock. Tall fescue, sericea 
lespedeza, and white clover are suited. Tree growth is 
medium. The potential is low for most urban use. 
Capability unit VIe-2; woodland group 3c2. 

TbhC3—Talbott clay, 5 to 12 percent slopes, severely 
eroded. This moderately deep, well drained soil is in 
tracts of 3 to 10 acres. It is mostly on hilltops and 
short hillsides. Slopes are dominantly 8 to 12 percent. 
The surface layer is yellowish red and plastic and 
is about 5 inches thick. The subsoil is yellowish red, 
red, or strong brown, plastic clay mottled in shades of 
brown, yellow, and red. Depth to limestone bedrock 
is mostly 20 to 80 inches. 

Included with this soil in mapping were small areas 
of a less eroded soil where the surface layer is brownish 
silt loam or silty clay loam. Also included were a few 
gullies 12 to 24 inches deep and some outcrops of lime- 
stone. 

This 801 is fairly well suited to pasture and trees. 
Tall fescue, sericea lespedeza, and white clover are 
suited. The soil has poor workability and seedling mor- 
tality is high because of the clayey surface layer. Row 
crops are poorly suited. Trees make fairly slow growth, 


56 SOIL SURVEY 


but they help to control erosion. Because of the mod- 

erate depth over bedrock, the moderately slow permea- 

bility, and the clayey texture, the potential is low for 

EA urban use. Capability unit VIe-2; woodland group 
ር86. 

TbD3— Talbott clay, 12 to 20 percent slopes, severely 
eroded. This moderately deep soil is on hillsides. The 
surface layer is yellowish red and plastic. The subsoil 
[8 8 yellowish red, red, or strong brown, plastic clay 
mottled in shades of brown, yellow, and red. Depth to 
bedrock is mostly 20 to 80 inches. 

Included with this soil in mapping were areas, less 
than 3 acres in size, of rocky and steep soils and soils 
less than 20 inches deep over bedrock. Also included 
were a few shallow gullies and a few areas where the 
surface layer is brownish silt loam or silty clay loam. 

This soil is best suited to permanent pasture or 
trees. Seedbeds are difficult to prepare, and seedling 
mortality is high because of the clayey surface layer. 
Most areas, if left idle, revert to redcedar. Because of 
the moderate depth, the moderately steep slopes, the 
clayey texture, and the moderately slow permeability, 
the potential is low for cultivated crops and urban 
use. Capability unit VIe-2; woodland group 4c3e. 

TcD—Talbott-Rock outcrop complex, 5 to 20 per- 
cent slopes. This mapping unit consists of small areas 
of Talbott soils and limestone outcrop so intermingled 
they could not be separated at the scale selected for 
mapping. It occurs on the sloping hilltops and on the 
steeper hillsides. Areas are 8 to 15 acres in size. 

Talbott silt loam makes up about 50 to 70 percent 
of the unit. Typically, the surface layer is strong brown 
silty clay loam about 5 inches thick. The subsoil is 
plastic clay to a depth of about 34 inches. It is yellow- 
ish red in the upper part, strong brown in the next 
part, and yellowish brown in the lower part. Limestone 
bedrock is at a depth of about 34 inches. 

Outcrops of limestone make up about 20 to 35 per- 
cent of the unit. They occur mostly as narrow bands 
that are parallel to the slope and extend from about 
6 to 30 inches above the surface. 

Included with this unit in mapping were small areas 
of Gladeville soils and small areas of a soil that is 
more than 40 inches deep over bedrock. 

More than one half of this mapping unit has been 
cleared and is used for pasture. The remainder is in 
woodland or is idle. The unit is best suited to pasture 
and trees. Growth is slow because of the shallowness 
of the root zone and the low available water capacity. 
Pasture is also difficult to mow because of the rocks. 
Cultivated crops are not suited because the rocks inter- 
fere with tillage. The potential is low for most urban 
use. The rock outcrops and shallowness over bedrock 
are severe limitations that are difficult to overcome. 
Capability unit VIs-4; woodland group 4x8. 

TcE—Talbott-Rock outcrop complex, 20 to 40 per- 
cent slopes. This mapping unit consists of small areas 
of Talbott soils and limestone outcrops so intermingled 
they could not be separated at the scale selected for 
mapping. It occurs mostly as short, steep hillsides adja- 
cent to streams and drainageways. Areas range from 
8 to 5 acres in size. 


Talbott silt loam makes up about 50 to 65 percent of 
the unit. Typically, the surface layer is strong brown 
silty clay loam about 5 inches thick. The subsoil is 
plastic clay to a depth of about 80 inches. It is yellowish 
red in the upper part, strong brown in the next part, 
and yellowish brown in the lower part. Limestone bed- 
rock is at a depth of about 30 inches. 

Outcrops of limestone make up about 25 to 40 per- 
cent of the unit. They occur mostly as narrow bands 
that are parallel to the slope and extend from about 
6 to 30 inches above the surface. 

Included with this unit in mapping were small areas 
of Gladeville soils and small areas of a soil that is more 
than 40 inches deep over bedrock. 

Most of this mapping unit is in woodland, consisting 
mainly of eastern redcedar and mixed hardwoods. 
Some areas are idle and a few are used for unimproved 
pasture. Because of the steep slopes, the shallowness 
over bedrock, and the rock outcrops, the potential is 
low for farming and urban use. Woodland is generally 
the best use for this unit, although tree growth is slow. 
Capability unit VIIs-2; woodland group 4x3. 


Tellico Series 


The Tellico series consists of well drained soils on 
high hills and knobs. Locally, these soils are referred 
to as the “red knobs.” They formed in residuum from 
reddish, calcareous sandstone, which contains seams 
of sandy shale. Slopes are 12 to 60 percent. —— 

In a representative profile the surface layer is dusky 
red loam 8 inches thick. The subsoil is dusky red, friable 
clay loam to a depth of 4 inches. Below this is soft 
sandstone that extends to hard bedrock at a depth of 
58 inches. . : 

Tellico soils are strongly acid or very strongly acid 
throughout the profile, Where limed, the surface layer 
is less acid. Permeability is moderate, and the avail- 
able water capacity is medium and high. M" 

Most of the acreage is forest. Small fields on hill- 
tops and a few hillsides have been cleared and are used 
mostly for pasture. Some tracts, once cleared, have 
been abandoned and are reverting to trees, mainly 
Virginia pine. Some of these abandoned areas are 
severely eroded because of cultivation. 

Representative profile of Tellico loam, 85 to 60 per- 
cent slopes: 

A1—0 to 8 inches; dusky red (2.5YR 3/2) loam; moderate 
medium and fine granular structure; very friable; 
many roots; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. 

B21t—8 to 15 inches; dusky red (10R 3/4) clay loam; 
moderate medium subangular blocky structure; fri- 
able; common roots; few thin discontinuous clay films 
on faces of some peds; strongly acid; gradual smooth 
boundary. 

B22t—15 to 28 inches; dusky red (10R 3/4) clay loam; 
moderate medium continuous clay films on faces of 
peds; few soft sandstone fragments as much as 8 
inches across; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. 

B23t—28 to 44 inches; dusky red (10R 3/4) clay loam; 
weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; 
few fine roots; many thin discontinous clay films on 
faces of peds; about 15 percent by volume soft sand- 
stone fragments as much as 3 inches across; strongly 
acid; gradual smooth boundary. 


MownosB County, TENNESSEE 57 


C—44 to 58 inches; soft reddish sandstone that contains 
thin seams and coatings of dusky red clay loam; 
strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. 

R—58 inches; hard reddish calcareous sandstone. 


Depth to bedrock ranges from 40 to 60 inches. Frag- 
ments of sandstone range from 0 to 15 percent, by volume, 
of the A and B horizons. The A horizon is mainly dusky 
red or dark reddish brown loam 4 to 9 inches thick. In 
eroded areas, however, it is clay loam. The B horizon is 
dusky red, dark reddish brown, or dark red clay loam, 
clay, or sandy clay. 

TeD—Tellico loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes. This 
well drained, reddish soil is on broad ridgecaps and 
hillsides in tracts of 3 to 20 acres. It formed in residu- 
um from reddish sandstone. The surface layer is dark 
reddish brown or dusky red and is about 5 to 8 inches 
thick. The subsoil is dark reddish brown, dark red, or 
dusky red clay loam, sandy clay, or clay. Hard bed- 
rock is at a depth of about 314 to 5 feet. 

Included with this 801] in mapping were small areas 
where the surface layer is brown sandy loam, the sub- 
soil is red loam, and bedrock is at a depth of 2 to 4 
feet. Also included were small areas of severely eroded 
Tellico soils where the surface layer is clay loam. 

Use of this soil for cultivated crops is limited by 
the moderately steep slopes and the high erodibility. 
The soil is better suited to permanent pasture and 
trees. Tall fescue, sericea lespedeza, and white clover 
are some suitable pasture plants. Mixed hardwood and 
pine are in uncleared areas. Cleared areas left idle are 
reseeding to almost pure stands of Virginia pine. Be- 
cause of the slope and the depth over rock, the potential 
is medium for most urban use. Capability unit IVe-2; 
woodland group 80". 

TeE—Tellico loam, 20 to 35 percent slopes. This 
deep, well drained soil is on hillsides. Most areas are 
5 to 25 acres in size. The surface layer is dark reddish 
brown or dusky red and is about 5 to 8 inches thick. 
The subsoil is dusky red or dark red, friable clay loam 
or clay. Bedrock is at a depth of 40 to 60 inches. 

Included along drainageways with this soil in map- 
ping were small areas of a soil that is loamy through- 
out and is more than 5 feet deep over bedrock. Also 
included were a few small severely eroded areas where 
the surface layer is clay loam. 

Because slopes are steep, this soil is limited to trees 
and pasture. Pasture is difficult to establish and main- 
tain. Tall fescue and bermudagrass are best suited. 
Oak, hickory, yellow-poplar, beech, and black locust 
are in uncleared areas. Cleared areas that were left 
idle are reverting to almost pure stands of Virginia 
pine. The soil erodes rapidly if disturbed and it is 
highly susceptible to landslides if cuts are made in the 
slopes. Because of the slope and depth over rock, the 
potential is low for most urban use. Capability unit 
VIe-1; woodland group 8፲8. 

TeF—Tellico loam, 35 to 60 percent slopes. This 
deep, well drained soil is on hillsides. It has the profile 
described as representative of the series. Áreas range 
from 5 to 30 acres in size. 

Included with this soil in mapping were a few areas 
of a soil that is sandy loam or loam throughout and is 
20 to 36 inches deep over bedrock. Also included along 


drainageways were a few small areas of a soil 5 to 10 
feet deep and a few rock outcrops. 

The slope is the main limitation to use of this soil. 
The soil is best suited to trees, which are moderately 
productive. Because of the very steep slopes, the poten- 
tialis low for most urban use. Road cuts are subject 
s ከ Capability unit VIIe-1; woodland group 

r8. 

ToD3—Tellico clay loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes, 
severely eroded. This deep, well drained soil is in 
tracts of 8 to 20 acres, mostly on winding ridgetops 
and hillsides. The surface layer, which is mainly ma- 
terial from the original subsoil, is dark reddish brown, 
friable clay loam. The subsoil is dark reddish brown 
or dusky red, friable clay loam, Bedrock is typically 
at a depth of about 31% to 4 feet. A few gullies, 1 foot 
to 4 feet deep, occur in most areas (fig. 8). 

Small areas of a reddish clayey soil underlain by 
shale at a depth of 2 to 3 feet were included with this 
soil in mapping. Also included were small areas on 
foot slopes and along narrow drainageways of a soil 
that is 5 to 10 feet deep over rock. 

This soil is suited to permanent pasture or trees. 
It erodes rapidly if plowed. The moderately steep slopes 
and the moderate depth over rock are the main man- 
agement concerns for most uses. The clay loam surface 
layer makes seedbed preparation difficult and seedling 
mortality high. The soil is susceptible to slippage if 
cuts are made in the slopes. Tall fescue, white clover, 
and Midland bermudagrass are well suited. Because 
of the slope and the depth over rock, the potential is 
medium for most urban use. Capability unit Vle-1; 
woodland group 4c3e. 

ToE3—Tellico clay loam, 20 to 35 percent slopes, 
severely eroded. This deep, well drained soil is on ill- 
sides. Ít is in tracts of 3 to 15 acres, which have been 
cleared and abandoned and have reverted to pine. The 
surface layer is reddish and is 10 to 15 percent, by vol- 
ume, sandstone and shale fragments 14 inch to 2 inches 
across. The subsoil, to a depth of 2 to 3 feet, is dark red 
or dusky red, friable clay loam or clay. Below this to à 
depth of about 4 feet is reddish loam or clay loam that 
is about 15 percent, by volume, 14- to 3-inch sandstone 
fragments. Bedrock is at a depth of 314 to 4 feet. A few 
gullies 1 foot to 4 feet deep occur in most areas. Includ- 
ed in mapping were small areas of a similar soil that is 
less than 40 inches deep over rock. : 

The steep slopes, the severe hazard of erosion, the 
rapid runoff, and the moderate depth over rock are 
severe management concerns in farming and urban 
use. The soil erodes rapidly if disturbed. It is suscep- 
tible to landslides if cuts are made. It is too steep for 
cultivated crops and hay. It is poorly suited to pasture 
because grasses are difficult to establish and maintain 
and yields are low. Tall fescue and bermudagrass are 
suitable plants. The soil is suited to trees, but growth 
is slow. Cleared tracts that were left idle are reseeding 
mainly to Virginia pine. The potential is low for most 
urban use. Capability unit VIe-1; woodland group 4c3e. 

TS-—Tellico and Dewey soils, gullied. This mapping 
unit is about 40 to 60 percent Tellico and Dewey soils . 
and 50 to 70 percent gullies. These are moderately deep 


58 SOIL SURVEY 


Figure 8.—Severely eroded Tellico soil. Some gullies are 1 foot to 2 feet deep. Many of these once cleared areas have been aban- 
doned and are reverting to Virginia pine. 


and deep soils on uplands and shallow to deep gullies. 
Some areas are entirely Tellico soil, some are entirely 
Dewey soil, and some are both. Slopes are 12 to 30 per- 
cent. Individual areas of both soils could be mapped 
separately, but because of present and predicted use 
they were not separated in mapping. 

Gullies commonly are 1 foot to 6 feet deep. The ex- 
posed subsoil in the gullies generally is reddish clay, 
silty clay, clay loam, or shaly clay loam. Bedrock of 
limestone, sandy shale, or sandstone is exposed in the 
bottom of some of the gullies. 

Typically, Tellico soils have a dusky red or red loam 
or clay loam surface layer and a dusky red or red clay 
loam subsoil. The subsoil is underlain by weathered 
sandstone that has seams of sandy shale at a depth of 
8 to 4 feet. Permeability is moderate, and the available 
water capacity is medium to high. 

Typically, Dewey soils have a dark reddish brown or 
dark red silt loam, silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay 
surface layer and a red clay subsoil. Depth to limestone 
bedrock is more than 5 feet. The available water ca- 
pacity is medium, and permeability is moderate. 

Included with this unit in mapping were small areas 
of a soil that is shallow over rock and some areas that 
contain a large volume of chert. 

Much of this mapping unit has reverted to forest, 


mainly eastern redcedar and Virginia pine. Because of 
the many shallow to deep gullies, the hazard of erosion, 
and the slope, the potential is low for farming or urban 
use, Capability unit VIIs-1; woodland group 4c3e. 


Transylvania Series 


The Transylvania series consists of deep, well 
drained soils on bottom land along the Little Tennessee 
River. These soils most commonly are in long narrow 
strips next to the riverbank. They formed in sediment 
washed from soils underlain by schist, phyllite, slate, 
and sandstone. Slopes are 0 to 2 percent. 

In a representative profile the soil is friable loam 
and silt loam to a depth of 70 inches. It is very dark 
grayish brown and very dark brown in the upper part 
and brown in the lower part. 

Transylvania soils are subject to occasional, very 
brief flooding. They are medium acid or strongly acid 
throughout the profile. Where limed, the surface layer 
is less acid. Permeability is moderate, and the avail- 
able water capacity is high. 

Practically all the acreage has been cleared and is 
used for row crops. ` . 

Representative profile of Transylvania loam: 


Ap—0 to 10 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) 


Monrose County, TENNESSEE 59 


loam; weak medium granular structure; very friable; 
many roots; common mica flakes; medium acid; clear 
smooth boundary. 

A12—10 to 21 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) silt 
loam; weak medium granular structure; very friable; 
common roots; common mica flakes; medium acid; 
clear smooth boundary. 

A18—21 to 34 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 
3/2) silt loam; weak medium granular structure; fri- 
able; common roots; common mica flakes; medium 
acid; gradual smooth boundary. 

B—34 to 54 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; weak me- 
dium subangular blocky structure; friable; few roots; 
common mica flakes; medium acid; gradual smooth 
boundary. 

C—54 to 70 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loam; massive; 
very friable; common mica flakes; strongly acid. 

Depth to bedrock 15 10 feet or more. The A horizon is 
dark brown, very dark grayish brown, or very dark brown 
loam or silt loam. The B horizon is brown, dark yellowish 
brown, or yellowish brown silt loam or loam. The C hori- 
zon is yellowish brown, brown, or light yellowish brown 
loam, sandy loam, or loamy fine sand and stratified loam 

or silt loam. i 


Ty—Transylvania loam. This deep, dark, well 
drained soil is on the flood plain of the Little Tennessee 
River. It formed in recent sediment washed from soils 
underlain by schist, phyllite,. slate, and sandstone. 
Slopes are 0 to 2 percent. 

` Included with this soil in mapping were small areas 
of a less well drained soil that has gray mottles at a 
depth of about 20 inches. Also included were small 
areas where the soil is 15 percent or more gravel and 
a few areas of a sandy soil. 

This nearly level soil is well suited to crops, hay, 
and pasture. It can be used every year for cultivated 
crops. It is well suited to all commonly grown crops 
that are not affected by brief periods of flooding. Corn, 
soybeans, tobacco, and truck crops are well suited. The 
soil is an excellent source of topsoil. Because the occa- 
sional, very brief flooding is a limitation, the potential 
is low for most urban use. Capability unit I-1; wood- 
land group 207. 


Unicoi Series 

The Unicoi series consists of shallow, cobbly, ex- 
cessively drained soils that formed in arkosic sand- 
stone. These soils are on points, convex side slopes, 


and narrow ridge crests. Elevation is 2,000 to 4,500 
feet. Slopes are 30 to 65 percent. 


In a representative profile the surface layer is very 


dark grayish brown cobbly loam about 1 inch thick. 
The subsurface layer is brown cobbly loam about 4 
inches thick. The subsoil is yellowish brown cobbly 
loam that extends to arkosic sandstone bedrock at a 
depth of 16 inches. It is about 45 percent, by volume, 
stones that range from 2 to 15 inches in diameter. 

The Unicoi soils are strongly acid or very strongly 


acid. Permeability is moderately rapid, and the avail-. 


able water capacity is low. 

The entire acreage is forest, consisting mainly of 
EE pine and pitch pine and a few hickory and 
08፪. f 

Representative profile of Unicoi cobbly loam, 80 to 
65 percent slopes: 


A1—0 to 1 inch; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) 
cobbly loam; weak fine granular structure; very fri- 


able; many roots; numerous stones as much as 15 
inches across on surface; strongly acid; abrupt wavy 
boundary. 

A2—1 inch to 5 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) cobbly loam; 
weak medium granular structure; very friable; many 
roots; about 40 percent by volume stones mostly 2 to 
15 inches across; very strongly acid; clear wavy 
boundary. . 

B2—5 to 16 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) cobbly 
loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; 
very friable; many roots; about 45 percent by volume 
stones ranging from 2 to 15 inches in diameter and & 
few larger ones; very strongly acid. 

R—16 inches; arkosie sandstone bedrock. 


Depth to bedrock ranges from 7 to 20 inches. The con- 
tent of arkosic sandstone fragments ranges from 85 to 
65 percent, by volume. Fragments range from less than 1 
inch to 15 inches in diameter. A few are larger. The Al 
horizon is very dark grayish brown, dark grayish brown, or 
dark brown cobbly loam or cobbly sandy loam. The A2 
horizon is brown or yellowish brown cobbly loam or cobbly 
sandy loam. The B horizon is yellowish brown, dark yel- 
lowish brown, or brown. 

UcF—Unicoi cobbly loam, 30 to 65 percent slopes. 
This steep, shallow, excessively drained soil is on 
points, convex slopes, and narrow ridge crests at an 
elevation of 2,000 to 4,500 feet. Included in mapping 
were areas of deeper soils underlain by arkosic sand- 
stone at a depth of more than 20 inches. ` . 

All the acreage is forest, consisting mainly of Vir- 
ginia pine and pitch pine and a few oak and hickory. 
Because the steep slopes and the shallowness over bed- 
rock severely limit this soil, the potential is low for 
farming or urban use. Capability unit VIIe-1; wood- 
land group 5x38. 


Wallen Series 


The Wallen series consists of excessively drained, 
moderately deep, gravelly soils on mountainsides. They 
formed in residuum derived from sandstone. Slopes 
are 20 to 60 percent. 

In a representative profile the surface layer is dark 
grayish brown gravelly fine sandy loam about 2 inches 
thiek. The subsurface layer is brown gravelly fine 
sandy loam about 4 inches thick. The subsoil is yellow- 
ish brown and light yellowish brown gravelly fine 
sandy loam, cobbly fine sandy loam, and gravelly loam 
that extends to sandstone bedrock at a depth of 82 
inches. ` 

Wallen soils are strongly acid or very strongly acid. 
The available water capacity is low, and permeability 
is moderately rapid. 

Nearly all the acreage is hardwood and pine forest. 
Areas that have been cleared are reverting to forest, 
mainly Virginia pine, red oak, white oak, maple, and 
hickory. 

Representative profile of Wallen gravelly fine sandy 
loam, 20 to 60 percent slopes : 

ል1---0 to 2 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) grav- 
elly fine sandy loam mixed with some very dark gray- 
ish brown (10YR 3/2); weak fine granular structure; 
very friable; many roots; 15 percent by volume frag- 
ments of sandstone 1 inch to 3 inches in diameter; 
very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. 

A2—2 to 6 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly fine sandy 
loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; com- 
mon roots; 15 percent by volume fragments of sand- 


stone 1 inch to 3 inches in diameter; very strongly 
acid; gradual smooth boundary. 


60 SOIL SURVEY 


Bi—6 to 10 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) 
gravelly fine sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky 
Structure; very friable; 85 percent by volume frag- 
ments of sandstone 1 inch to 3 inches in diameter; very 
strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. 

B21—10 to 16 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) 
gravelly fine sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky 
Structure; very friable; 35 percent by volume frag- 
ments of sandstone 1 inch to 3 inches in diameter; 
common roots; very strongly acid; gradual smooth 
boundary. 

B22—16 to 21 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) gravelly 
loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very 
friable; few roots; 40 percent by volume fragments of 
sandstone 2 to 4 inches in diameter; very strongly 
acid; gradual smooth boundary. 

B3—21 to 32 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) cobbly 
fine sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky struc- 
ture; very friable; few roots; 45 percent by volume 
fragments of sandstone 2 to 6 inches in diameter; 
very strongly acid; abrupt irregular boundary. 

R—82 inches; sandstone bedrock. 

Depth to bedrock ranges from 20 to 40 inches. Coarse 
fragments of sandstone are 1 inch to 10 inches in diameter 

and make up 15 to 25 percent of the A horizon and 35 

to 50 percent of the B horizon. The A2 horizon is brown 

or pale brown gravelly fine sandy loam or gravelly loam. 

The B horizen is light yellowish brown. yellowish brown, 

or brownish yellow. The fine earth fraction is loam or fine 

sandy loam. 

WaF—Wallen gravelly fine sandy loam, 20 to 60 
percent slopes. This is a moderately deep, excessively 
drained soil on mountainsides. Included in mapping 
were narrow strips of a deeper and finer textured soil, 
mainly on benches and along drainageways and areas 
that have numerous outcrops of bedrock. 

The steep slopes, the depth over rock, and the rock 
fragments limit the use of this soil, mainly to forest. 
Most of the acreage is cutover forest of oak, hickory, 
sourwood, and Virginia pine with an understory of 
hackberry and mountain laurel. Cleared areas have 
mainly reseeded to Virginia pine. The potential is low 
for most urban use. Capability unit. VIIs-1; woodland 


group 4፻8. 


Waynesboro Series 


The Waynesboro series consists of deep, well drained 
soils on old-high terraces. Slopes are 2 to 35 percent. 

In a representative profile the surface layer is brown 
and yellowish brown loam about 11 inches thick. The 
subsoil extends to a depth of 60 inches. It is yellowish 
red and red, friable loam and clay loam in the upper 
part and dark red, firm clay in the lower part. 

Waynesboro soils are strongly acid or. very strongly 
acid. Where limed, the surface layer is less acid. Per- 
meability is moderate, and the available water capacity 
is high. 

Most of.the acreage has been cleared and is used for 
crops and pasture. Only the steeper areas remain in 
forest. 

Representative profile of Waynesboro loam, 2 to 5 
percent slopes: 

Ap—0 to 6 inches; brown. (10YR 5/3) loam; weak fine 
granular structure; very friable; common fine roots; 
strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. 

A3—6 to 11 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) loam; 
weak fine subangular blocky structure: friable: com- 


mon fine roots; very strongly acid; clear smooth 
boundary. 


B1—11 to 16 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) loam; weak 
fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common 
roots; few small gravel; very strongly acid; gradual 
smooth boundary. 

B21t—16 to 20 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) clay 
loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; 
friable; common roots; few thin continuous clay films 
on faces of peds; very strongly acid; gradual smooth 
boundary. 

B22t—20 to 24 inches; red (2.5YR 5/6) clay loam; mod- 
erate fine to medium subangular blocky structure; fri- 
able; many thin continuous clay films on faces of peds; 
very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. 

B23t—24 to 32 inches; dark red (2.5YR 3/6) clay; mod- 
erate’ medium subangular blocky structure; firm; 
many thin continuous clay films on faces of peds; 
very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. 

B24t—32 to 60 inches; dark red (10R 8/6) clay; moder- 
ate medium subangular blocky and angular blocky 
structure; firm; few pebbles and cobbles; few thin 
discontinuous clay films on faces of peds; very 
strongly acid. 


Depth to bedrock is 6 feet or more. The Ap horizon is 
mainly brown or yellowish brown loam 4 to 10 inches 
thick. In severely eroded areas, however, it is yellowish 
red or red clay loam. The B2 horizon is clay loam, sandy 
‘clay, or clay. Cobbles or rounded gravel makes up less than 
15 percent, by volume, of each horizon. 

WbB—Waynesbhoro loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes. This 
deep, well drained soil is in tracts of 3 to 10 acres on 
high terraces. It has the profile described as representa- 
tive of the series. 

Included with this soil in mapping were a few small 
areas where the soil is more than 15 percent gravel or 
cobbles. Also included were spots of a severely eroded 
Waynesboro soil that has a clay loam surface layer. 

This soil is suited to all crops and pasture plants 
commonly grown in the county. Corn, alfalfa, soybeans, 
small grain, burley tobacco, and vegetables are well 
suited. Response to management, especially to addi- 
tions of lime and fertilizer, is good. The hazard of 
erosion is a slight limitation if cultivated crops are 
grown. The potential is high for most urban use. Capa- 
bility unit IIe-3; woodland group 307. 

WbC—Wayneshoro loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes. 
This deep, well drained soil is in tracts of 3 to 20 acres 
on old high terraces. The surface layer is brown and 
is 5 to 10 inches thick. The upper part of the subsoil 
is yellowish red or red, friable loam or clay loam that 
is underlain by several feet of red or dark red clay. 

Included with this soil in mapping were a few small 
areas that are more than 15 percent cobblestones and 
gravel. 

This soil is suited to the commonly grown crops and 
pasture plants. The slope is the main management con- 
cern. The soil is well suited to crops, such as corn, 
soybeans, alfalfa, burley tobacco, vegetables, and small 
grain. The hazard of erosion is the main limitation for 
cultivated crops. The potential is high for most urban 
uses, such as dwellings, septic tank absorption fields, 
roads, and Sanitary landfills. Capability unit IIIe-3; 
woodland group 307. 

WbD—Waynesboro loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes. 
This deep, well drained soil is in àreas of 8 to 10 acres. 
It is on hillsides of old high terraces. The surface layer 
is brown and is 5 to 10 inches thick. The upper part of 
the subsoil is yellowish red or red, friable clay loam, 
and the lower part is red or dark red firm clay. It is 
more than 6 feet deep over bedrock. 


Monroe County, TENNESSEE 61 


Included with this soil in mapping were a few small 
eroded areas where the surface layer is red or yellow- 
ish red clay loam and spots where slapes are less than 
12 percent or more than 20 percent. Also included were 
a few areas of a soil that is more than 15 percent gravel 
and cobblestones throughout the profile. 

This soil is suited to all the crops and hay and pas- 
ture plants commonly grown in the county. The hazard 
of erosion is severe if cultivated crops are grown. 
Because of the slope, the potential is medium for most 
urban use. Capability unit IVe-1; woodland group 307. 

WbE-—Waynesboro loam, 20 to 35 percent slopes. 
This deep, well drained soil is in tracts of 3 to 10 acres. 
It is on hillsides of old high terraces. The surface layer 
is brown and is 5 to 10 inches thick. The upper part of 
the subsoil is yellowish red, friable clay loam and the 
lower part is dark red or red clay many feet thick. 

Included with his soil in mapping were small, eroded 
areas where the surface layer is reddish clay loam. 
A few small areas are more than 15 percent rounded 
gravel or cobblestones on the surface and throughout 
the soil. 

This soil is limited by the steep slopes. It is suited 
to perennial pasture or trees. Tall fescue, bermuda- 
grass, and white clover are suitable pasture plants. 
The steep slopes make pasture difficult to establish. 
Tree growth is medium. Because of the slopes, the 
potential is low for most urban use. Capability unit 
VIe-1; woodland group 3r8. 

WnC3—Waynesboro clay loam, 5 to 12 percent 
slopes, severely eroded. This deep, well drained soil is 
in areas of 3 to 10 acres on low-lying hills that make 
up old, high terraces. Erosion has removed most of 
the original surface layer. The present surface layer 
consists mostly of the former subsoil and is yellowish 
red or red, friable clay loam 4 to 6 inches thick. The 
subsoil is yellowish red, friable clay loam in the upper 
part and dark red firm clay in the lower part. In most 
places there are a few cobbles and pebbles on the sur- 
face and throughout the soil. A few shallow gullies 
are in most of the areas. Included in mapping were 
small areas that are 15 percent or more rounded gravel 
or cobblestones throughout the soil. 

The slope and the clay loam surface layer are the 
main limitations in farming. The soil is best suited to 
hay and pasture because of the hazard of erosion if 
cultivated. Tall fescue, orchardgrass, alfalfa, white 
clover, red clover, and sericea lespedeza are suited. If 
row crops are grown, erosion-control measures are 
needed. Response is good to improved management, 
such as additions of lime and fertilizer. The potential 
is medium to high for most urban use. Capability unit 
IVe-1; woodland group 4c3e. 

WnD3—Waynesboro clay loam, 12 to 20. percent 
slopes, severely eroded. This deep, well drained soil is 
in areas of 8 to 10 acres. It is on hillsides of old high 
terraces. Erosion has removed most of the original 
surface layer. The present surface layer, which is 
mostly subsoil material, 18 yellowish red or red clay 
loam. The subsoil is yellowish red or red, friable clay 
loam in the upper part and red or dark red clay in the 
lower part. A few cobblestones and pebbles are on the 
surface and throughout the soil in most places. In- 
cluded in mapping were small areas of a soil that has 


numerous cobblestones or rounded gravel throughout 
and small areas of a soil where slopes are less than 12 
percent or more than 20 percent. 

The slope and the clay loam surface layer are the 
main limitations in farming. This soil is subject to 8 
high rate of erosion unless it is in sod coverage or 
wooded. Tall fescue, alfalfa, white clover, bermuda- 
grass, and sericea lespedeza are suited. Pasture pro- 
duction is medium under a high level of management. 
The soil is suited to trees, but the growth rate is fairly 
low. Because of the slope, the potential is medium for 
most urban use. Capability unit VIe-1; woodland group 
4ር56. 


Whitwell Series 


The Whitwell series consists of deep, moderately well 
drained soils on low stream terraces. These soils 
formed in mixed sediment washed mainly from soils 
that are underlain by sandstone, siltstone, and shale. 
Slopes are 0 to 2 percent. 

In a representative profile the surface layer is brown 
loam about 10 inches thick. The subsoil to 8 depth of 
35 inches is yellowish brown, friable loam and clay 
loam that has grayish mottles in the lower part. Below 
this and extending to à depth of 60 inches is mottled, 
friable loam. 

Whitwell soils are easy to work and respond well to 
management. In some places they are subject to occa- 
sional flooding for brief periods. They are strongly acid 
throughout the profile. Where limed, the surface layer 
is less acid. Permeability is moderate, and the available 
water capacity is high. 

These soils are used for corn, small grain, hay, and 
pasture. 

Representative profile of Whitwell loam: 


Ap—0 to 10 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loam; weak me- 
dium granular strueture; very friable; many roots; 
medium acid; clear smooth boundary. 

B21t—10 to 20 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay 
loam; few fine faint pale brown mottles; weak fine 
subangular blocky structure; friable; few roots; few 
small sandstone fragments; few thin discontinuous 
clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid; clear 
smooth boundary. 

B22t—20 to 35 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) loam; 
common medium faint light brownish gray (10YR 
6/2) and pale brown (10YR 6/3) mottles and com- 
mon medium distinct reddish brown (5YR 4/4) mot- 
tles; weak fine subangular blocky structure; few thin 
discontinuous clay films on faces of peds; few small 
sandstone and quartzite fragments; strongly acid; 
clear smooth boundary. 

B3— 35 to 41 inches; mottled brown (10YR 4/3), reddish 
brown (5YR 4/4), pale brown (10YR 6/3), and light 
brownish gray (10YR 6/2) loam; moderate medium 
subangular blocky structure; friable; few sandstone 
and shale fragments; strongly acid: clear smooth 
boundary. 

C—41 to 60 inches; mottled light yellowish brown (10YR 
6/4), pale brown (10YR 6/3), and light brownish 
gray (10YR 6/2) loam; weak fine subangular blocky 
structure; friable; 15 percent by volume shale frag- 
ments less than 2 inches in diameter and sandstone 
and quartzite fragments less than % inch in diameter; 
strongly acid. 


The Ap horizon is brown or strong brown loam or silt 
loam 5 to 10 inches thick. The B horizon is yellowish 
brown, strong brown, or brown loam or clay loam mottled 
in shades of gray. In some profiles the C horizon is grav- 


62 f SOIL SURVEY 


elly or cobbly loam, sandy loam, or clay loam. Shale or 
limestone bedrock is at a depth of more than 5 feet. 

Wt—Whitwell loam. This deep, moderately well 
drained soil is on low stream terraces. Slopes are 0 
to 2 percent. 

Included with this soil in mapping were a few small 
areas of a deep, well drained soil that does not have 
gray mottles in the subsoil. Also included were a few 
small pockets of a somewhat poorly drained soil that 
is dominantly gray in the subsoil. 

This soil is suited to most commonly grown crops. 
Such crops as alfalfa, burley tobacco, and -small grain 
are not so well suited because of wetness. Because the 
soil is nearly level, row crops can be grown every year 
without erosion damage. Open ditch or tile drainage 
systems should be considered. Areas that are not sub- 
ject to flooding have a medium potential for most 
urban use. Onsite inspection is needed to determine 
the limitation of flooding. Capability unit IIw-2; wood- 
land group 2w8. 


Use and Management of the Soils 


The following pages define general principles of 
management that apply to all soils used for farming in 
Monroe County. They explain the capability classifica- 
tion and list estimated yields per acre of principal 
crops under two levels of management. Also on the 
pages that follow is information on woodland, wildlife 
habitat, and engineering, and on selected uses of soils 
to be considered in planning recreational facilities. 


General Principles of Soil Management 


Some principles of management are general enough 
to apply to all soils suitable for farming throughout 
the county, but individual soils or groups of soils re- 
quire different kinds of management. These general 
principles of management are discussed in the follow- 
ing paragraphs. 

Many soils in the county need lime or fertilizer or 
both. The amounts needed depend on the natural con- 
tent of lime and plant nutrients, which are determined 
by laboratory analyses of soil samples; on the needs of 
the crops; and on the level of yield desired. Only gen- 
eral suggestions for applications of lime and fertilizer 
are given. 

Most of the soils in Monroe County were never high 

in content of organic matter, and to build up the con- 
tent to a high level is not economical. It is important, 
however, to return organic matter to the soil by adding 
farm manure; leaving plant residue on the surface; 
and growing sod crops, cover crops, and green-manure 
crops. ' 
Tillage tends to break down soil structure. It should 
be kept to the minimum necessary to prepare a seed- 
bed and control weeds. Maintaining the organic-matter 
content of the plow layer also helps to protect the 
structure. 

On wet soils, such as Newark silt loam, yields of 
cultivated crops can be increased by open ditch drain- 
age or tile drainage. Tile drains are costly to install, 
but they generally provide better drainage than open 


ditches. Soils that have a fragipan are difficult to drain. 
They can generally be drained better by open ditches 
than by tile. Open ditch drainage is more effective if 
the ditches intercept the water as it moves horizon- 
tally on top of the fragipan. For drainage by either tile 
or open ditches, suitable outlets are needed. 

All of the gently sloping and steeper cultivated soils 
are subject to erosion. Runoff and erosion occur mostly 
while a cultivated crop is growing or soon after one 
has been harvested. On erodible soils, such as Dewey 
silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, a cropping system that 
controls runoff and erosion is needed, in combination 
with other erosion control practices. As used here, 
cropping system refers to the sequence of crops grown, 
in combination with management that includes mini- 
mum tillage, mulch planting, use of crop residue, grow- 
ing cover erops and green-manure crops, and use of 
lime and fertilizer. Other erosion control practices are 
contour cultivation, terracing, contour stripcropping, 
diversion of runoff, and use of grassed waterways. The 
effectiveness of a particular combination of these meas- 
ures differs from one soil to another, but different com- 
binations can be equally effective on the same soil. The 
loeal representative of the Soil Conservation Service 
can assist in planning an effective combination of 
practices. 

Pasture is effective in controlling erosion on all but 
a few of the erodible soils. A high level of pasture 
management is needed on some soils to provide enough 
ground cover to keep the soil from eroding. It provides 
for fertilization, control of grazing, selection of pas- 
ture mixtures, and other practices that are adequate 
for maintaining good ground cover and forage for 
grazing. Grazing is controlled by rotating livestock 
from one pasture to another and providing rest pe- 
riods for the pasture after each grazing period to allow 
for regrowth of the plants. It is important on some 
soils.that pasture mixtures be selected that require the 
least amount of renovation to maintain good ground 
cover and forage for grazing. 


Capability Grouping 


Capability grouping shows, in a general way, the 
suitability of soils for most kinds of field crops. The 
groups are made according to the limitations of 
the soils when used for field crops, the risk of dam- 
age when they are used, and the way they respond to 
treatment. The grouping does not take into account 
major and generally expensive landforming that would 
change slope, depth, or other characteristics of the 
Soils; does not take into consideration possible but un- 
likely major reclamation projects; and does not apply 
to rice, cranberries, horticultural crops, or other crops 
requiring special management. 

In the capability system, all kinds of soils are 
grouped at three levels: the capability class, the sub- 
class, and the unit. These levels are defined in the 
following paragraphs. 

CAPABILITY CLASSES, the broadest groups, are des- 
ignated by Roman numerals I through VIII. The nu- 
merals indicate progressively greater limitations and 
narrower choices for practical use, defined as follows: 


Monrose County, TENNESSEE 63 


Class I soils have few limitations that restrict 
their use. 

Class II soils have moderate limitations that re- 
duce the choice of plants or that require mod- 
erate conservation practices. 

Class III soils have severe limitations that reduce 
the choice of plants, require special conserva- 
tion practices, or both. 

Class IV soils have very severe limitations that 
reduce the choice of plants, require very careful 
management, or both. 

Class V soils are not likely to erode, but have other 
limitations, impractical to remove, that limit 
their use largely to pasture or range, woodland, 
or wildlife. (None in Monroe County.) 

Class VI soils have severe limitations that make 
them generally unsuited to cultivation and limit 
their use largely to pasture or range, woodland, 

. or wildlife. 

Class VII soils have very severe limitations that 

: make them unsuited to cultivation and that re- 
strict their use largely to pasture or range, 
woodland, or wildlife. 

Class VIII soils and landforms have limitations 
that preclude their use for commercial crop pro- 
duction and restrict their use to recreation, wild- 
life, or water supply, or to esthetic purposes. 
(None in Monroe County.) 


CAPABILITY SUBCLASSES are soil groups within one 
class; they are designated by adding a small letter, 
e, w, 8, or €, to the class numeral, for example, IIe. The 
letter e shows that the main limitation is risk of ero- 
sion unless close-growing plant cover is maintained; 
17 shows that water in or on the soil interferes with 
plant growth. or cultivation (in some soils the wetness 
- ean be partly corrected by artificial drainage) ; s shows 
that the soil is limited mainly because it is shallow, 
droughty, or stony; and c, used in only some parts of 
the United States, but not in Monroe County, shows 
ial chief limitation is climate that is too cold or too 

ry. i 

In class I there are no subclasses, because the soils 
of this class have few limitations. Class V can contain, 
at the most, only the subclasses indicated by w, s, and 
c, because the soils in class V are subject to little or 
no erosion, although they have other limitations that 
restrict their use largely to pasture, range, woodland, 
wildlife, or recreation. 

CAPABILITY UNITS are soil groups within the sub- 
classes. The soils in one capability unit are enough 
alike to be suited to the same crops and pasture plants, 
to require similar management, and to have similar 
productivity and other responses to management. Thus, 
the capability unit is a convenient grouping for mak- 
ing many statements about management of soils. Capa- 
bility units are generally designated by adding an 
Arabic numeral to the subclass symbol, for example, 
IIe-1 or IIIe-2. Thus, in one symbol, the Roman nu- 
meral designates the capability class, or degree of 
limitation; the small letter indicates the subclass, or 
kind of limitation, as defined in the foregoing para- 


graph; and the Arabic numeral specifically identifies 
the capability unit within each subclass. The capability 
unit is designated at the end of each mapping unit in 
the section "Descriptions of the Soils." 


Estimated Yields? 


Table 5 lists estimated average acre yields of the 
principal crops grown in Monroe County under two 
levels of management. Predictions are based on esti- 
mates made by farmers, soil scientists, and others who 
have knowledge of yields in the county taken from 
research data. The yields in column A are those to be 
expected under prevailing or average management, 
and those in column B are yields to be expected under 
improved management. 

Crops other than those shown in table 5 are grown 
in the county, but their predicted yields are not in- 
cluded because their acreage is small or reliable data 
on yields are not available. 

Under high level management— 


1. Rainfall is effectively used and conserved. 

2. Surface or subsurface drainage systems, or 
both, are installed. 

8. Crop residue is managed to maintain soil tilth. 

4. Minimum but timely tillage is used. 

5. Insect, disease, and weed control measures are 
consistently used. 

6. Fertilizer is applied according to soil test and 
crop needs. 

7. Adapted crop varieties are used at recom- 
mended seeding rates. 

Woodland? 


Originally, Monroe County was completely wooded. 
Woodland now covers about 70 percent of the county, 
47 percent of which is the Cherokee National Forest. 

Good stands of commercial trees are produced in 
the woodland. Needleleaf tree species occur most fre- 
quently on the ridges and steeper mountainsides, and 
broadleaf species generally are dominant in the coves 
and along the bottoms of rivers and creeks. 

- The value of the wood products is substantial, but 
is below the potential. Other values include wildlife, 
recreation, natural beauty, and conservation of soil and 
water. This section has been provided to explain how 
soils affect tree growth and management in the county. 
In table 6 potential productivity and management 
problems of the soils are listed. 

In the first column, the soils are listed by their 
mapping unit symbols under the series name. If a 
mapping unit contains the name of two series, for 
example, a complex or an association, the component 
soils are listed and evaluated separately under each 
Series name. 


*C. H. JENT, agronomist, Soil Conservation Service, helped to 
prepare this section. 

"C. M. HENNINGER, forester, Soil Conservation Service, helped 
to prepare this section. 


TABLE 5.—E'stimated average acre yields of the principal crops under two levels of management 


[Figures in eolumn ‘A are yields obtained under common management; those in column B are yields to be expected under highest feasible management. 
Absence of figure indicates that the crop is not commonly grown. Only arable soils are listed] 


Soybeans Pasture 


Cow-acre-| Cow-acre- 


‘ons Tons Bu Bu Bu Bu days! days 

Alcoa loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes 2.8 3.4 34 46 22 30 135 195 
Alcoa loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes. 2.8 3.2 34 44 22 28 125 180 
Alcoa loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes...... :: 2.6 3.0 115 170 
Alcoa clay loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes, severely eroded... 18 24 65 115 
Alcoa clay loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes, severely eroded 1.2 1:2 |. S8 [|] 28. [e 60 105 
Allegheny Joeam ee " 2.8 3.4 145 210 
Allen loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes. 2.4 3.3 115 195 
Allen loam, 12 to 25 percent slopes.. 1.7 30 | 26 | 40 [|........-------------፦፦ 90 150 
Altavista silt loam 140 210 
Atkins silt loam... 80 165 
Beason silt loam... 100 190 
Bland silt loam, 10 to 25 percent slop 75 135 
Bland silt loam) 25 to 50 percent slopes. 60 115 
Calvin silt loam, 5 to 20 percent slopes... 65 100 
Calvin silt loam, 20 to 40 percent slopes. 60 90 
Chagrin silt oam es 160 220 
Christian loam, 3 to 12 percent slopes... 90 180 
Christian loam, 12 to 25 percent siopes. 85 160 
Christian clay loam, 12 to 25 percent slopes, severely 

eroded 65 110 
Dandridge shaly silty clay loam, 5 to 20 percent slopes... A 60 120 
Dandridge shaly silty clay loam, 20 to 35 percent slopes... 60 115 
Decatur silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes........ 1,780 2,000 2.6 3.7 130 195 
Decatur silt loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes...... 72 1,650 1,900 2.6 3.5 33 48 19 27 125 180 
Decatur silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes, eroded.. 40 65 1,300 1,700 2.2 3.0 29 42 16 24 115 170 
Decatur silty clay loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes, 

severely eroded_ ..... ኢሳ u uuu... 30 45 1,150 1,350 2.1 2.7 24 35 12 18 85 130 
Deeatur silty clay loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes, 

severely eroded 26 40 ` 1,000 1,250 2.0 2.5 23 29፡3. € o ——»- 80 125 
Dewey silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes 54 78 1,050 1,900 2.6 3.7 32 48 22 30 125 185 
Dewey silt loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes.... 52 68 1,500 1,800 2.6 3.5 32 46 19 27 120 175 
Dewey silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes, eroded... 40 60 1,300 1,600 2.2 3.2 28 42-. [a eet 110 165 
Dewey silty clay loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes, bt 

severely eroded.. onse e ሌን አሬ 28 42 1,000 1,300 2. 2.7 24 35. |a EE 80 125 
Dewey silty clay loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes, 

severely eroded 38 900 1,200 2.0 2.6 75 120 
Dunmore silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes... 52 72 1,700 2,000 2.6 3.7 120 175 
Dunmore silt loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes... 50 65 1,600 1,900 2.6 3.6 120 170 
Dunmore silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes, “eroded... 40 58 1,400 1,700 2.2 3.0 110 165 
Dunmore silt loam, 20 to 35 percent slopes, eroded...... 100 150 
Dunmore silty clay loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes ። 

severely eroded 27 40 1,000 1,400 2.1 2.7 80 125 
Dunmore silty clay loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes, 

severely eroded = 2.0 2.6 75 120 
Dunning silty clay loam. E 115 170 
Emory silt loam.........—.... 2 | 2,300 E 3. 150 210 
Etowah silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes... 70 100 2,000 2,300 2.4 3. 150 210 
Etowah silt loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes... 58 85 1,800 | 2,200 2.4 3. 145 200 
Etowah silt loam, 12 to 20 percent, slopes..... S 65 80 1,600 1,900 24. 3. 130 190 
Farragut silt loam, 5 to 12 percent slo eroded. 45 65 1,400 1,700 2.3 3. 130 190 
Farragut silty clay, 12 to 20 percent Slopes, severely 

E BEE 1.4 2. 23 CAN e EX 70 110 
Fletcher silt loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes... 2.0 3. 32 48 20 32 120 180 
Fletcher silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes 2.0 2. 32 42 |i i 110 165 


79 


AGAUNS TIOS 


Fullerton cherty silt loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes 
Fullerton cherty silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes. 
Fullerton cherty silt loam, 20 to 40 percent slopes... 
Gladeville-Rock outcrop complex, 5 to 25 percent slopes 
Greendale silt loam 
Hamblen silt loam........ 
Hartsells fine sandy loam, 5 to 15 percent slopes.. 
Holston loam, 3 to 12 percent Slopes -++ 
Jefferson fine ‘sandy loam, 3 to 12 percent 810065 - 
Jefferson fine sandy loam, 12 to 25 percent slopes... 
Jefferson cobbly fine sandy loam, 12 to 25 Geck slopes 
Leadvale silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes.... 
Linker loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes... 
Litz shaly silt loam, 5 to 12 percent s 
Litz shaly silt loam, 12 to 20 percent MODEM. 
Litz shaly silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes, sever y 
(up M —— — E, E H ጋን 3 
Litz shaly silt loam, 20 to 35 percent slopes... sss 
Lobdell silt loam........ sss 
Minvale silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes 
Minvale silt loam, 5 to 12 percent 810568 .-......... V ። 
Montevallo shaly 'silt loam, 12 to 30 percent slopes... ts nnn] -....... ste. le. eI methane 
Neubert loam. i i 
Newark silt loam... 
Philo silt loam. 
Pope loam...__.. 
Purdy siltilógm. u uuu u E, en T NE b 
Ranger channery silt loam, 12 to 25 percent slopes............| -----------....|------ J 
Sequatehie Josam ከበ 
Sequoia silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes... 
Sequoia silt loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes, e 
Sequoia silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes, eroded A |... ተ | 
Sequoia silty clay, 5 to 12 percent slopes, severely 


STEIER 


MO 326202 


T 


eroded 3 
Shelocta silt toam, 3 to 12 percent slopes. 
Shelocta silt loam, 12 to 25 percent slopes... 
Staser loam. 


Talbott silt loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes, eroded... 
Talbott silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes, eroded... 
Talbott clay, 5 to 12 percent slopes, severely eroded.. 
Talbott clay, 12 to 20 percent slopes, severely eroded.... d 
Taibott-Rock outcrop complex, 5 to 20 percent slopes... Seo) seers 
Talbott-Rock outcrop complex, 20 to 40 percent slopes.. um er ማት eee cena aec 
Tellico loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes... R ; vesci dis. 
Tellico clay loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes, severely 


መመ!” ኩኃ ከ2 ከ2 ኮ2 ፡ ! 
obborib BR ooo 
be kO to D9 66 53 st NC 

51 06 5: ር። noo S ooo 


'Cow-acre-days is a term used to express the carrying or horse; five hogs; or seven sheep or goats without injury 
capacity of pasture. It is the number of days in the grazing to the pasture. To determine the tonnage of air-dry forage 
season that 1 aere will provide grazing for one cow, steer, per acre, divide the number of cow-acre-days by 53. 


፲፳፳9፪ኦ(እ2፪፲ ‘ALNAOD TOUNO 


TABLE 6.—Potential woodland productivity and factors in management EA 
Management problems Potential productivity 
Soil series and Woodland "Trees suitable 
map symbols suitability for planting 
group Erosion Equipment Seedling Windthrow Plant Important Site 
hazard limitation mortality hazard competition trees index 
Alcoa: 
AaB, AaC, AaD.... 3o7 | 811[ደከ[.............. 8]]ደከዩ .............. Slight... ..... Slight... Moderate.......| Yellow-poplar.............. 90 | Yellow-poplar, black - 
Southern red oak........ 70 walnut, loblolly pine, 
Shortleaf pine 70 white pine, shortleaf 
White pine.. 80 pine. 
Loblolly pine. 80 
AcC3, Act... 307 | Moderate...._.| Severe............ Moderate.......| Slight.............. Bieht, — Shortleaf pine 60 | Loblolly pine, Virginia 
Virginia pine... 60 pine, white pine, 
Loblolly pine.. 70 shortleaf pine. 
White pine 70 
Allegheny: Ag... 207 | Slight... 8ከ፳ከዬ..............- Slight.............. Slight............. Severe............ Yellow-poplar.............. 100 | Yellow-poplar, black 
Northern red oak... 80 walnut, white pine. 
White pine........ 
Black walnut..........| .... 
Sugar maple 
Allen: Ant, ልክህ.......... 307 | Slight........... Shight.............. Shght....... ...... Slight....... ...... Moderate......] Yellow-poplar.............. Yellow-poplar, black 
Southern red oak walnut, shortleaf pine, 
Shortleaf pine... 70 white pine, loblolly 
Lobloily pine EE 80 pine. m 
Eastern redeedar........ 60 S 
Altavista: Ae 1.2... 2w8 | Bieht, Moderate.......| Moderate... Slight............. Severe............| Yellow-poplar__......... 96 | Loblolly pine, white á 
Southern red oak........ 75 pine, sweetgum. w 
Sweetgum.......... ec 90 M 
Loblolly pine. A 90 z 
White ሀ166...............------ 90 
Atkins: At. 2w9 | 8:፳ከዬ...........-.| Severe... ጸይሃ6፻6............| Slight...........| 6ይሃ6ኛ6............| Loblolly pine_............. 90 | Loblolly pine, white 
White pine.... 90 pine. 
Sweetgum...... 90 
Southern red oak. 70 
Bvesmore ln 
Beason: 388 | Slight..............| Moderate. 5[፳ከከ........ ....... Slight.............. Moderate.....| Yellow-poplar............. 90 | Loblolly pine, sweetgum. 
Sweetgum...... A 80 
Loblolly pine... 80 
Southern red oak........ 70 
White oak... 70 
Bland: 
BdD. 3e2 | Slight... Moderate........| Slight.............. 8ዘዌከዬ..............| Moderate... Loblolly pine.............. 80 | Loblolly pine, Virginia 
Shortleaf pine. 70 pine, Eastern red- 
Virginia pine... 70 cedar. 
Eastern redcedar. 50 
. Southern red oak. 70 
Be, ——— zna 863 እ4016፲816 - .| 86ሃ6፻6............. Slight............. Slight.............. Moderate......| Loblolly pine... 80 | Loblolly pine, Virginia 
Shortleaf pine. 70 pine, Eastern red- 
Virginia pine..... 70 cedar. 
Eastern redcedar. 50 
Southern red oak. 70 
BNE eus eee 4x3 | Maderate Severe....... ..| Moderate Slight. 4 Slight... Shortleaf pine... 60 | Virginia pine, Eastern 


Virginia pine... 60 redcedar. 


Eastern redceda 


Brooks 


Calvin: 


Catask: 


Chagrin: Co 


hire: 


a CG... 


Christian: 


ChC, ዕከ0..................... 


Bib ues 


CaD, Cat 


Decatur: 
DcB, DcC, DcD2. 


DdC3, ሀፀ03............... 


Dewey 
DeB 


; DeC, 0602 


2r8 


4f3 


5f3 


207 


367 


4636 


2r8 


4d2 


4d3 


307 


4c3e 


307 


Moderate.....| Moderate. | 8በ፳ከከ.............. Severe.........- 
Moderate......|] Moderate Severe............ 81[፪ከዬ.. ............ 
Moderate......| Moderate. . ..| 86ሆ6፻6............. Slight............ 
Slight... Slight... Slight... ...... Severe... 
Slight Slight.............] Slight............... Moderate... 

.| Moderate. | Moderate. ....... Slight............ 


Moderate ... Moderate......| Shght.............. Severe..... 

81ፎፎከ[................ Moderate... Moderate... Slight... 
Moderate......| Severe... Moderate... Slight............ 
81]ደከኪ..............-- (Slight...) Slight... Moderate........ 
Moderate........| Moderate.......1 Moderaie Slight............ 
Bieht, Bueht, Biieht, Moderate... 


..| Chestnut oak..........-.. 


-| Yellow-poplar.............. 


Yellow-poplar............ 100 
Northern red oak. 
White pine.... 
Yellow birch.. 
Sugar maple... | 


Yellow-poplar, white 
pine. 


Southern red oak........ 
Shortleaf pine. 
Virginia pine. 
White pine.... =: 
Loblolly pine............ 


Loblolly pine, shortleaf 
pine, Virginia pine, ` 
white pine. 


Pitch pine. 
Scarlet oak 
Pitch pine.. 
Virginia pine. 


Yellow-poplar....... 
Northern red oak 
Black cherry... Mid 
Black walnut usd 
White 85ኪከ..........-........---------- 


Yellow-poplar, btack 
walnut, white pine 
loblolly pine. 


Loblolly pine, shortleaf 
pine, white pine. 


Shortleaf pine............ 
Southern red oak. 
Virginia pine... 
Loblolly pine. 
White pine.... 
Loblolly pine 


Loblolly pine, Virginia 
Virginia pine... i 


pine. 


Yellow-poplar, white 
Northern red oak... pine. 
White pine... 

Black walnut... 


Sugar maple 


Southern red oak........ 
Virginia pine........ 
Eastern redcedar 
White pine.......... 
Southern red oak. 
Virginia pine... 
Eastern redcedar........ 
White ሀ፤86........------------ 


Virginia pine, Eastern 
redcedar. 


Virginia pine, Eastern 
redcedar. 


Yellow-poplar............. 
Southern red oak 
Shortleaf pine.. 
Black walnut.. 
Loblolly pine... 
Virginia pine. 
White pine...... N 
Eastern redcedar........ 


Yellow-poplar, black 
walnut, white pine, 
loblolly pine. 

| 70 Loblolly pine, Eastern 
redcedar, white pine. 


Yellow-poplar........... 
Southern red oak... 
Shortleaf pine. 
White pine.. . 
Black walnut A 


Yellow-poplar, black 
walnut, white pine, 
loblolly pine. 


AUSSANNG L ‘ALNNOD SORNOJA 


19 


89 


TABLE 6.—Potential woodland productivity and factors in management —Continued 


Management problems Potential productivity 
Soil series and Woodland| — 00 2 ሌጅ ooo "Trees suitable 
map symbols suitability for planting 
group Erosion Equipment Seedling Windthrow Plant Important Site 
hazard limitation mortality hazard competition trees index 
Dewey: (Cont.) š 
0903, Dout 4636 | Moderaie Moderate......| Moderate........| Slight_.......... Slight... Loblolly pine.............. 70 | Loblolly pine, Eastern 
Virginia pine... E 60 redcedar, white pine. 
White pine..... 70 
Eastern redcedar. 40 
Ditney: DhD, DhF........ 4r3 | Moderate... Severe... Slight... 8ዘ፳ከኪ................ Slight... Shortleaf one — 60 | Shortleaf pine, white 
Virginia pine... a 60 pine, Virginia pine. 
White oak. 60 
White pine..... 70 
Dunmore: 
DmB, DmC, DmD2..... 3o7 |Slight. Slight............ 8ከ፳ከኪ................ Slight... Moderate......| Yellow-poplar........... 90 | Yellow-poplar, black 
Eastern redcedar........ 70 walnut, shortleaf 
Shortleaf pine. 70 pine, white pine. 
White pine..... " 80 
Black walnut.. e anil 
0ዐዐጠጅ2.....................---------- 3r8 | Moderate... Moderate... | 811ፎከሺ ............ Slight... Moderate.___.| Yellow-poplar._... 90 | Yellow-poplar, black 
Eastern redcedar.. 70 walnut, shortleaf 
Shortleaf pine. 70 pine, white pine. ü 
White pine.. 80 ° 
Black walnut.. m" Ë 
DnC3, Dn... 4c3e | 8ቨደከከ............ 86ሃ6፻6............... Moderate.. Slight_............ Slight... Virginia pine... Loblolly pine, Virginia m 
White pine...... pine, white pine, S 
Eastern redcedar....... Eastern redcedar. < 
Loblolly pine......... 70 E 
Dunning: Du... 289 | Slight..............] Severe............ Severe............ Slight..........-... Severe............ Sweetgum.... 90 | Loblolly pine, cotton- 
Willow oak.. 90 wood, sweetgum. 
Loblolly pine.. 90 
Cottonwood 100 
Green ash 
Emory: Em 207 | Slight... Slight... 8ከ፳ከከ ............| Slight... ........... Severe.......| Yellow-poplar.......| 100 | Yellow-poplar, black 
Northern red oak.__... 80 walnut, loblolly pine, 
Loblolly pine.. 90 white pine. 
White pine... a 90 
Black ዝጸ1ኪፌ9ሺ.............----- ]---...------------ 
Etowah: EtB, EtC, 207 | Slight... Slight... Slight..........| Slight... Yellow-poplar.. ..... 100 | Yellow-poplar, black 
EtD. Northern red oak....... 80 walnut, loblolly pine, 
Loblolly pine..... e 90 white pine. 
White pine..... e 90 
Black walnut............ |---------------- 
Farragut: 
E362... e neo rn 3o7 | Slight. 8፲፪ከኪ..............| Slight... Slight..............|. Moderate... . Yellow-poplar............. 90 | Yellow-poplar, black 
Southern red oak........ 70 walnut, shortleaf 
Shortleaf pine. 70 pine, white pine. 
White pine..... 80 
FgD3: us ues 4636 | Moderate.....| Moderate......| Severe............| Slight..............| Slight..........| Loblolly pine.. 70 | Loblolly pine, Virginia 
Virginia pine... 60 pine, white pine, 
White pine..... 2i 70 Eastern redcedar. 
Eastern redcedar........ 40 


Fletcher: Fh, ፻ከ0....... 
Fullerton: 

FtC, FtD. . ..... 
Gladeville: GO... 


Greendale: Gr... 


Hamblen: Ha... 


Hartsells:  |16(ሁ................ 


Holston: Hot: 


Jefferson: 
det, de a... ... 


CT 


SID JfE. ess 


Jeffrey: JyD, JyF._......... 


3r8 


5x3 


207 


2w8 


307 


307 


3r8 


3x8 


4x9 


Moderate...... 


Moderate... 


Moderate... 


Slight. 1 Slight i. Slight... Severe............ 
Slight... Slight... Slight..............| Moderate... 
Moderate.....| Slight............| Slight -| Moderate....... 
Severe............ Severe............ Slight... Slight. 
Slight... Slight... Slight... Severe........... 
Moderate......| Slight............ Slight... Severe..........._ 
Slight... Bieht, Slight... Slight.............. 
Slight.............. Sekt, 1 Slight... Moderate... 
Slight.............. Biebt, Biebht, — Moderaie 
Moderate... Slight............ Slight... Moderate....... 
Moderate.....| Slight._........... Slight... Moderate........ 
Severe............ 


.| Virginia pine................ 


Moderate... Slight... Slight............ 


White pine 
Shortleaf pine_ a 
Virginia pine... 
Loblolly pine... d 
Yellow-poplar.............. 


Yellow-poplar.............. 
Southern red oak 
Shortleaf pine... 
Loblolly pine... 
White pine... 
Yellow-poplar.. 
Southern red oak... 
Shortleaf pine.. 
Loblolly pine... d 
White Gne .. 


Eastern redcedar-........ 


Yellow-poplar............. 
Northern red oak... 
Shortleaf pine...... 
Loblolly pine... 


Black walnut... |... 


Yellow-poplar........... 
Southern red oak........ 
Loblolly pine.............. 


Shortleaf pine..... 
Virginia pine... 
Loblolly pine.. 
White pine.. 
Black oak 


| Yellow-poplar..........— 


Southern red oak 
Shortleaf pine..... 
Loblolly pine.. 
Virginia pine... 


Yellow-poplar__...._.. 
Southern red oak........ 
Shortteaf pine..... 
Loblolly pine ` 
Black walnut.. 
Yellow-poplar..... 
Southern red oak.. 
Shortleaf pine... 
Loblolly pine.. 
Black walnut.. 
Yellow-poplar..... 
Southern red oak. 
Shortleaf pine _.. 
Loblolly pine.. 


Black walnut.........— | 


Yellow-poplar. ............. 
White ong. — al 
Southern red oak.. ..... 


White pine, shortleaf 
pine, yellow-poplar. 


Yellow-poplar, blaek 
walnut, loblolly pine, 
shortleaf pine, white 
pine. 


Yellow-poplar, black 
walnut, loblolly pine, 
shortleaf pine, white 
pine. 


Eastern redcedar, 
Virginia pine. 


Yellow-poplar, black 
walnut, loblolly pine, 
shortleaf pine, white 
pine. 


Yellow-poplar, loblolly 
pine, white pine. 


Shortleaf pine, Virginia 
pine, white pine, 
loblolly pine. 


Yellow-poplar, black 
walnut, loblolly pine, 
shortleaf pine, white 
pine. 


Yellow-poplar, black 
walnut, shortleaf 
pine, loblolly pine, 
white pine. 


Yellow-poplar, black 
walnut, shortleaf 
pine, loblolly pine, 
white pine. 


Yellow-poplar, black 
walnut, shortleaf 
pine, loblolly pine, 
white pine. 


White pine. 


8፳88988፤፳ኢ፪፲ ‘ALNNOQ GOHNOJA 


69 


TABLE 6.—Potential woodland productivity and factors in management —Continued 


ዐረ 


Management problems 


Potential productivity 


Trees suitable 
for planting 


Soil series and Woodland 
map symbols suitability 
group Erosion Equipment Seedling Windthrow Plant Important Site 
hazard limitation mortality hazard competition trees index 
Leadvale: 307 | Slight... -| Slight... | Bieht, 8ከፎ፳ከከ........ .... Moderate......| Yellow-poplar............. 90 
Southern red oak 70 
Shortleaf pine. 70 
Loblolly pine...... 80 
Linker: Lk 4ol | Slight............) Slight. 1... Slight.............. Slight... Slight... Shortleaf pine.. 60 
Virginia pine. 60 
Loblolly pine 70 
White pine... 70 
Black oak... 60 
Litz: 
Lic, LtD, LtE ............... 3f8 Moderate... Moderate........| Moderate....| Slight-.--.-...----- እ4616፣ል16........| Yellow-poplar........... 80 
Southern red oak 70 
Shortleaf pine.. 70 
Virginia pine. 70 
White pine... 80 
Eat 4636 | Moderate JI Moderate... Bewvere Biekbt ........ Bieht, Shortleaf pine. 60 
Virginia pine. 60 
White pine... 70 
Loblolly pine... 70 
LX... 4636 | Moderate... Moderate.......| Severe............ Slight... — Slight. Shortleaf pine. 60 
Virginia pine. 60 
White pine... 70 
Loblolly pine...... 70 
Lobdell: [.ሯ............------------- 2w8 | Slight..............| Moderate... ..| Slight... -| Slight... Severe........... Yellow-poplar.............. 95 
Loblolly pine... 90 
Shortleaf pine.. 75 
White pine...... d 90 
Southern red oak._..... 80 
Minvale: MnB, MnC.... 3o7 | Slight............ Slight.............. Slight... Slight... — Moderate....| Nellou-popnlar 1... 90 
Southern red 088........ 70 
Shortleaf pine... 70 
Loblolly pine... 80 
Black walnut..........|.... 
Montevallo: እላ1ፒ............. 4d3.. | Moderate... Moderaie 1 Severe............ Moderate...) Slight Shortleaf pine... 60 
Virginia pine. 60 
White pine... 70 
Loblolly pine...... E 70 
Southern red 088......... 60 
Neubert: Ne. 207 | Slight... Slight.............. Slight............. Slight,............. Severe............ Yellow-poplar._ 100 
White pine... 90 
Shortleaf pine... 80 
Northern red oak... 80 
Black walnut...........| 
Newark: Nk. 288 | Slight... Moderate. 81፳ከኪ............... Bieht, Bevere Willow oak 
Sweetgum..... 
Loblolly 


Green as 


Loblolly pine, shortleaf 
pine, Virginia pine. 


Shortleaf pine, Virginia 
pine, white pine, 
loblolIy pine. 


Shortleaf pine, Virginia 
pine white pine, 
blolly pine. 


Virginia pine, loblolly 
pine, white pine. 


Virginia pine, loblolly 
pine, white pine. 


AGAUNS TIOS 


Yellow-poplar, loblolly 
pine, white pine. 


Yellow-poplar, black 
walnut, shortleaf 
pine, loblolly pine, 
white pine. 


Loblolly pine, shortleaf 
pine, Virginia pine, 
white pine. 


Yellow-poplar, black 
walnut, white pine, 
loblolly pine, shortleaf 
pine. 


Loblolly pine, sweetgum, 
cottonwo 


Philo: Ph... 2w8 | 88ደከከ............. Moderate..._...| Slight — Yellow-poplar, loblolly 
pine, white pine, 


cottonwood. 


Sweetgum..... 
Loblolly pine... x 
White pine 


Pope: Po... 207 | 8ቨ፳ከኪ............. Slight.............. Slight............- Slight..............| Severe... Yellow-poplar.............. Yellow-poplar, black 
Northern red oak........ walnut, loblolly pine, 
White pine...... white pine. 
Loblolly pine... B 
Black walnut.............. |... 
Purdy: Pu. ss 2w9 | Slight... Severe............| Severe..........-- Slight... Severe... Loblolly pine, sweet- 
Go um. 
Loblolly pine ... .... S 
EE, sse 
Ramsey: Rat. 5x3 | Moderate......| Bevere. Moderate.......| Moderate...._.| Bieht, ............. Chestnut 0ክ...........------ Shortleaf pine, Virginia 
Shortleaf pine. pine, loblolly pine, 
Virginia pine... white pine. 
Loblolly pine.. 
White pine. 
Ranger 
RD... 3t& | Moderate......| Moderate......| Moderate 1 Slight... Moderate......| Shortleaf pine. Shortleaf pine, Virginia 
Chestnut oak.. pine, white pine. 
Virginia pine... 
White pine.. 
ROP ones 319 Moderate......... Severe... Moderate........ Slight............| Moderate... ....| Shortleaf pine. Shortleaf pine, Virginia 
Chestnut oak.. pine, white pine. 
Virginia pine... 
White pine 
Sequatchie: Sa... 207 | 8፲[ፎከከ............ Slight... Slight..............) 58፳ከ0....... ......... Severe............ Yellow-poplar._.......... Yellow-poplar, black 
Northern red oak........ walnut, loblolly 
Loblolly pine..... pine, white pine. 
Black walnut.. ቻቿች እች ። 
White asbl 
Sequoia: 
568, SeC2, Gef. 307 | Slight...) Biteht, Slight............| Slight.............. Moderate........| Southern red oak........ Loblolly pine, shortleaf 
Shortleaf pine.............. pine, Virginia pine, 
Virginia pine... white pine. 
Loblolly pine.. 
White pine...... 
8003, 50093....................... " 4636 | Slight.............. Moderate Severe............ 8ሀፎ፳ከ[............... 8[፳ከኪ...........---- Loblolly pine.. Loblolly pine, Virginia 
Shortleaf pine. pine, Eastern red- 
Virginia pine...... = cedar. 
Eastern redcedar........ 
Sheloeta: ShC, ShD...... 3o7 | 8[፳ከ[............ Slight... Slight... Slight... Moderate........| Yellow-poplar............. Yellow-poplar, black 
Southern red oak... walnut, shortleaf 
Shortleaf pine.... pine, loblolly pine, 
White pine..... white pine. 
Black walnut... 
Shouns: SnD.............. 307 | 8ከልከከ.............| Slight... Slight... ......| Slhght.............. Moderate......| Yellow-poplar.............. Yellow-poplar, black 
Southern red oak. walnut, shortleaf 
Shortleaf pine pine, white pine, 
White pine.... = loblolly pine. 
Black walnut..............|-----.----...- 
Spivey: St. 2x9 | Moderate......| Severe............| Moderate - ..| Biieht, Severe............ Yellow-poplar-__.......... Too stony to plant. 
Northern red oak. 
White pine... Si 
Basswood.................... |... a... 


፳፳88፪ሀ1ኦ፲፪3፲ 'ALN00O ፳8085፤0፻9 


TA 


TABLE 6.—Potential woodland productivity and factors in management —Continued 


Soil series and 


Woodland 


Management problems 


Potential productivity 


Trees suitable 


map symbols suitability : for planting 
group Erosion Equipment Seedling Windthrow Plant Important Site 
hazard limitation mortality hazard competition trees index 
Staser: Gs 2607 | Slight.............. Slight... Slight.............. Shight...........-.. Severe............ Yellow-poplar.............. 100 | Yellow-poplar, black 
Northern red oak...... 80 walnut, loblolly 
White pine........ 90 pine, white pine. 
Loblolly pine. E. 90 
Black walnut..............|................ 
Statler: St... 267 | Slight............ Slight.............. Slight..............| Shight..............| Severe... Yellow-poplar._........... 100 | Yellow-poplar, black 
Northern red oak. 80 walnut, loblolly 
White pine.... 90 pine, white pine. 
Loblolly pine. Se 90 
Black walnut..............|.............. 
Steekee: DN. 4d3 | Moderate.......| Moderate......| Moderate Moderate...... Slight. -| Shortleaf pine _........... 60 | Shortleaf pine, Virginia 
Virginia pine...... - 60 pine, white pine. 
Southern red oak........ 60 
White ኮ186.......-------------- 70 
Syleo: 5ሃጅ...................---------- 4r3 | Moderate. ... | Severe............ 81፳ከኪ.............| ፳811፳ከ............... Slight.............. Shortleaf pine... 60 | Shortleaf pine, Virginia 
Virginia pine... . 60 pine, white pine. 
Southern red oak........ 60 
White pine... 70 
Talbott: 
TaC2, Tat, Ze? | Slight. Moderate....._.. Moderate..._...| Sight... Moderate Southern red oak 65 | Loblolly pine, Virginia 
Loblolly pine.... 80 pine, shortleaf pine, 
Shortleaf pine... 65 Eastern redcedar. 
Virginia pine... 70 
Eastern redoedar. 45 
TbC3, TbD3.................. 4e3e | Slight.  — Moderate......| Severe............ Slight............. Slight.............. Loblolly pine... 70 | Loblolly KEE Virginia 
Virginia pine..... 60 pine, astern red. 
Eastern redcedar. 40 cedar. 
TcD, TeE_....................... 4x3 | Slight — Severe Severe............ Slight.............. Slight............. Loblolly pine... 70 | Virginia pine, Eastern 
Virginia pine... 60 redcedar. 
Shortleaf pine... 60 
Eastern redcedar........ 45 
307 | Slight... 8ዝደከዬ.............--- Slight.............. Slight...........--- Moderate.___. Yellow-poplar........... 90 | Shortleaf pine, Virginia 
Northern red oak__ 70 pine, loblolly pine, 
Shortleaf pine... 70 white pine. 
White pine... 80 
TeE, TeF.. ........ 3r8 | Moderate......| Severe............ 81ደከኪ................ Slight. | Moderate......| Yellow-poplar... 90 | Shortleaf pine, Virginia 
Northern red oak 70 pine, loblolly pine, 
Shortleaf pine. 70 white pine. 
White pine 80 
ToD3, ፲0ኡ3...........---፦--. 4636 | Moderate Severe... Moderate........ Slight..........-.. Slight.............. Shortleaf pine... 60 | Virginia pine, loblolly 
Virginia pine. 60 pine, white pine. 
White pine... 70 
Loblolly pine. 70 
uc ሚመ 4636 | Moderate... Severe............| Moderate......| Slight. Slight.............. Shortleaf pine... 60 | Virginia pine, loblolly 
Virginia pine. 60 pine, white pine, 
White pine... 70 Eastern redcedar. 
Loblolly pine... E 70 
Eastern redcedar........ 40 


GL 


ASAUnS 108 


Transylvania: Ty... 207 |Slight............| Slight.............. Slight.............. Slight.............. Severe............ Yellow-poplar.......| 100 | Yellow-poplar, black 


Northern red oak... 80 walnut, white pine, 
White 5186....... 90 loblolly pine, short- 
Loblolly pine 90 leaf pine. 


Black walnut...........| s 


Unicoi: ህፀጅ ....................... 5x3 | Seht Severe............ Severe............| Moderate... Slight............. Pitch pine. 
Chestnut oak... 
Searlet oak... 
Virginia pine. 


Too stony to plant. 


Wallen: Wat, 4f3 Moderate 1 Severe............ Moderate........| Bireht, Bieht, Black 08፡...... 
Virginia pine. 
Shortleaf pine... 


pine. 


50 
50 
50 
50 
60 | Virginia pine, shortleaf 
60 
60 
90 


Waynesboro: 
WbB, WbC, WbD........ 8367 | Slight... Slight............. Bieht Slight... Moderate... Yellow-poplar.............. Yellow-poplar, black 
Southern red oak........ 75 walnut, shortleaf 
Shortleaf pine... 70 pine, loblolly pine, 
Virginia pine..... 75 white pine. 


Black walnut... 
WpE uuu as 3r8 | Moderate......] Moderate... 8ከደከኪ.............. Slight.........| Moderate... Yellow-poplar... 
Southern red oak 
Shortleaf pine... 
Virginia pine. 


90 | Yellow-poplar, black 
75 walnut, shortleaf 
70 pine, loblolly pine, 
75 white pine. 


Black walnut... ጃር ችማ 
ላለ/በር3, WnD3................ 4636 | ፳[ከ፳ፎከኪ..............] Severe............ Moderate... Slight..............) Slight... Loblolly pine... 70 | Virginia pine, loblolly 

Shortleaf pine... 60 pine, white pine. 
Virginia pine. 65 
White pine....... 70 

Whitwell: Wt. 2w8 | 811፪ከኪ............| Moderate.:..| Moderate... Slight............. Severe............ Yellow-poplar__........... 95 | Loblolly pine, sweet- 
Northern red oak... ... 75 gum, white pine. 
Sweetgum......... 90 
Loblolly pine 90 
White ሠ1ከ6...........- 90 


፳፳89፪ኢ:ኦ:፪8፲. ‘ALNNOD SOHNOJA 


£L 


74 SOIL SURVEY 


The second column shows the woodland suitability 
symbol. Each woodland suitability group is identified 
by & three-part symbol. The first part of the symbol in- 
dicates the relative productivity of the soils: The nu- 
meral 1 means very high: 2, high; 8, moderately high; 
4, moderate; and 5, low. The second part of the symbol, 
& letter, indicates the important soil property that im- 
poses a moderate or severe hazard or limitation in man- 
aging the soils for wood production. The letter x indi- 
cates stoniness or rockiness ` w, excessive water in or on 
the soil; d, the rooting depth is restricted ; c, clay in the 
upper part of the soil; f, large amounts of coarse frag- 
ments; and r, steep slopes. The letter o indicates no 
significant restrictions or limitations for woodland use 
or management. If the soil has more than one limiting 
characteristic, priority is in the order explained. 

The third element in the symbol indicates the degree 
of hazard or limitation and the general suitability of 
the soils for certain kinds of trees. The three manage- 
ment concerns considered are erosion hazard, equip- 
ment restrictions, and seedling mortality. 

The numeral 1 indicates that limitations are no more 
than slight and the soils are best suited to pines. 

The numeral 2 indicates that limitations are moder- 
ate and the soils are best suited to pines. 

The numeral 3 indicates that limitations are severe 
and the soils are best suited to pines. 

The numeral 4 indicates that limitations are no more 
than slight and the soils are best suited to hardwoods. 

The numeral 5 indicates that limitations are moder- 
ate and the soils are best suited to hardwoods. . 

The numeral 6 indicates that limitations are severe 
and the soils are best suited to hardwoods. 

The numeral 7 indicates that limitations are no more 
than slight and the soils are suited to either pines or 
hardwoods. 

The numeral 8 indicates that limitations are moder- 
ate and the soils are suited to either pines or hard- 
woods. 

The numeral 9 indicates that limitations are severe 
and the soils are suited to either pines or hardwoods. 

The numeral 0 indicates that limitations are very 
severe and the soils are not suited to the production of 
commercial wood crops. 

The woodland suitability group to which each map- 
ping unit is assigned is specified at the end of each 
unit description under “Descriptions of the Soils." 

The management problems evaluated in table 6 are 
erosion hazard, equipment limitation, seedling mortal- 
ity, windthrow hazard, and plant competition. Limita- 
tions are expressed as slight, moderate, and severe. 

Erosion hazard measures the risk of soil loss in 
well-managed woodland. The hazard is slight if ex- 
pected soil loss is small, moderate if some measures to 
control erosion are needed in logging and construction, 
and severe if intensive management or special equip- 
ment and methods are needed to prevent excessive soil 
loss. 

Equipment limitation relates to soil conditions that 
restrict the use of equipment normally used in wood- 
land management or harvest. Slight indicates no limi- 
tation on the kind of equipment or the time of year. 
Moderate indicates & seasonal limitation or need for 


` stability. 


modification in methods or equipment. Severe indicates 
the need for specialized equipment or operation. 

Seedling mortality indicates the degree of expected 
mortality of planted seedlings when plant competition 
is not a limiting factor. Normal rainfall, good planting 
Stock, and proper planting are assumed. Slight indi- 
eates that expected mortality is less than 25 percent; 
moderate, 25 to 50 percent; and severe, more than 50 
percent. i 

Windthrow hazard relates to the danger of trees 
being blown down by high-velocity winds. A rating of 
slight indicates that no special problem is recognized. 
Moderate indicates a problem during periods of exces- 
Sive wetness and greatest wind velocity. Severe indi- 
cates that the soils do not provide adequate rooting 


Plant competition relates to growth of undesirable 
plants when openings are made in the canopy. A rating 
of slight indicates that competition does not prevent 
adequate natural regeneration and early growth or does 
not interfere with adequate development of planted 
seedlings. Moderate indicates that competition delays 
natural or artificial regeneration, but does not prevent 
the eventual development of fully stocked normal 
stands. Severe indicates that competition prevents ade- 
quate natural. or artificial regeneration unless intensive 
site preparation and weeding are provided. 

Listed in table 6 are some commercially important 
trees that are suited to the soil. These trees are to be 
favored in intermediate or improvement cuttings. 
Their potential productivity is expressed as site index. 
Site index is the average height of dominant trees, in 
feet, at age 30 for cottonwood; at age 85 for sycamore; 
at age 25 for planted pines; and at age 50 for all other 
Species or types. Also listed in the table are trees suit- 
able for planting for commercial wood production. 


Wildlife* 


The wildlife population of any area depends on the 
availability of food, cover, and water in a suitable 
combination. Habitat is created, improved, or main- 
tained by establishing desirable vegetation and devel- 
oping water supplies in suitable places. : 

Hunting and fishing are popular in Monroe County. 
More than two-thirds of the county is in forest, two- 
fifths of which is owned by the Forest Service, This 
mountainous area furnishes good cover, food, and 
water for large and small game, and clear, unpolluted 
Streams for fish. People come from several states to 
join the managed hunts conducted by the Tennessee 
Wildlife Resource Agency and to fish for trout in the 
cool mountain streams. 

The suitability of each soil in Monroe County for 
elements of wildlife habitat and kinds of wildlife is 
shown in table 7. These ratings refer only to the suit- 
ability of the soil and do not take into account the 
climate, the present use of the soil, or the distribution 
of wildlife and people. The suitability of individual 
Sites has to be determined by onsite inspection. 


‘WILLIAM J. MELVEN, biologist, Soil Conservation Service, 
helped to prepare this section. 


Mownog County, TENNESSEE 75 


The information in this section can help in— 

l. Planning the broad use of parks, refuges, na- 
ture study areas, and other recreational devel- 
opments for wildlife. 

2. Selecting the better soils for creating, improv- 
ing, or maintaining specific kinds of wildlife 
habitat elements. . 

8. Determining the relative intensity of manage- 
ment needed for individual habitat elements. 

4, Eliminating sites that would be difficult or not 
pou to manage for specific kinds of wild- 
ife. 

5. Determining areas that are suitable for acquisi- 
tion for use by wildlife. 


Habitat elements.—Each soil is rated in table 7 ac- 
cording to its suitability for various kinds of plants and 
other elements that make up wildlife habitat. The 
seven elements considered important are as follows: 

Grain and seed crops are seed-producing annuals. 
Example are corn, sorghum, wheat, barley, oats, millet, 
buckwheat, cowpeas, and other plants commonly grown 
for grain or for seed. The major soil properties that 
affect this habitat element are effective rooting depth, 
available water capacity, natural drainage, slope, sur- 
face stoniness, hazard of flooding, and texture of the 
surface layer and subsoil. f 

, Domestic grasses and legumes are domestic peren- 
nial grasses and herbaceous legumes that are estab- 
lished by planting to provide cover and food for wild- 
life. Among the plants are bluegrass, tall fescue, brome, 
timothy, orchardgrass, reed canarygrass, clover, and 
alfalfa. The major soil properties that affect this habi- 
tat element are effective rooting depth, available water 
capacity, natural drainage, slope, surface stoniness, 
hazard of flooding, and texture of the surface layer and 
subsoil. 

Wild herbaceous plants are native or introduced 
perennial grasses and weeds that generally are estab- 
lished naturally. They include cheatgrass, beggarweed, 
tiek clover, goldenrod, partridgepea, pokeberry, and 
dandelion. They provide food and cover mainly to up- 
land forms of wildlife. The major soil properties that 
affect this habitat element are effective rooting depth, 
available water capacity, natural drainage, surface 
stoniness, hazard of flooding or ponding, and texture of 
the surface layer and subsoil. I 

Hardwood trees, shrubs, and woody vines produce 
nuts or other fruits, buds, catkins, twigs, or foliage 
that wildlife eat. They are generally established na- 
turally, but can be planted. Among the native species 
are oak, cherry, maple, poplar, apple, hawthorn, dog- 
wood, persimmon, sumae, sassafras, hazelnut, black 
walnut, hickory, sweetgum, blueberry, huckleberry, 
blaekhaw, grape, and briers. The major soil properties 
that affect this habitat element are effective rooting 
depth, available water capacity, and natural drainage. 

Also in this group are several varieties of fruit 
shrubs that are raised commercially for planting. 
Autumn-olive, Amur honeysuckle, Tartarian honey- 
suckle, crabapple, multiflora rose, and American holly 
are some of the shrubs that generally are available and 


can be planted on soils that are rated well suited. Hard- 
woods that are not available commercially: can gen- 
erally be transplanted successfully. 

Coniferous planis are cone-bearing evergreen trees 
and shrubs that are used by wildlife, mainly as cover. 
They also provide browse and seeds or fruitlike cones 
for food. Àmong the trees included are Virginia pine, 
loblolly pine, shortleaf pine, and redcedar. Generally, 
the seedlings are established naturally in areas where 
cover of weeds and sod is thin, but they can also be 
planted. The major soil properties that affect this 
habitat element are effective rooting depth, available 
water capacity, and natural drainage. 

Wetland plants are annual and perennial wild her- 
baceous plants, excluding the submerged or float- 
ing aquatics on moist and wet sites. They produce 
food and cover mostly for wetland wildlife. Examples 
are smartweed, wild millet, bulrush, sedges, barnyard 
grass, pondweed, duckweed, tearthumb, arrowarum, 
picklerelweed, waterwillow, wetland grasses, wildrice, 
and cattails. The major soil properties that affect this 
habitat element are natural drainage, surface stoniness, 
slope, and texture of the surface layer and subsoil. 

Shallow water areas are stretches of shallow water, 
generally no more than 5 feet deep, near areas that 
provide food and cover for wetland wildlife. They may 
be naturally wet areas, or those created by dams or 
levees or by water-control devices in marshes or 
streams. Examples are wildlife ponds, beaver ponds, 
muskrat marshes, waterfowl] feeding areas, and wild- 
life watering developments. The major soil properties 
that affect this habitat element are depth to bedrock, 
natural drainage, slope, surface stoniness, and -per- 
meability. Naturally wet areas that are aquifer fed are 
rated on the basis of drainage class without regard to 
permeability. Permeability of the soil applies only to 
those nonaquifer areas that have a potential for devel- 
opment. Water is assumed to be available offsite. 

Kinds of wildlife habitat.—Table 7 rates the soils ac- 
cording to their suitability for supporting openland, 
woodland, and wetland wildlife habitat. 

Openland wildlife are quail, pheasant, meadowlark, 
field sparrow, dove, cottontail rabbit, fox, and wood- 
chuck. These birds and mammals generally inhabit 
areas of cropland, pasture, meadow, and lawns and 
areas overgrown with grasses, herbs, shrubs, and vines. 
For openland wildlife the rating is based on the ratings 
shown for grain and seed crops, domestic grasses and 
legumes, wild herbaceous upland plants, and either 
hardwood woody plants, or coniferous woody plants, 
whichever is most applicable. 

Woodland wildlife are ruffed grouse, wild turkey, 
woodcock, thrush, vireo, gray and red squirrels, fox, 
raccoon, and white-tailed deer. They obtain food and 
cover in stands of hardwoods, coniferous trees, shrubs, 
or a mixture of these plants. The rating for woodland 
wildlife is based on the ratings listed for domestic 
grasses and legumes, wild herbaceous upland plants, 
and either hardwood woody plants or coniferous woody 
plants, whichever is most applicable. 

Wetland wildlife are ducks, geese, rails, herons, shore 
birds, and muskrat. They normally inhabit wet areas, 


TABLE 7.—Suitability of soils for elements of wildlife habitat and kinds of wildlife 


Elements of wildlife habitat Kinds of wildlife 
Soil series and 
map symbols Grain Domestic Wild Hardwood | Coniferous Wetland Shallow 
and grasses and | herbaceous trees plants plants water Openland Woodland Wetland 
seed crops legumes plants areas 
Poor... u. Very poor... 


-| Very poor.... 
Very poor.... 


Very poor. 
Very poor 


Very poor....| Very poor....| Good Good..........-- Very poor. 
Very poor...| Very poor...| Fair... (5004............ Very poor. 
Altavista: Ae. Good............ Good... Good. Good...........- Good............ Oe s. ጅ00ቨ...............- Good Good... Poor. 
Atkins: At. eel Poor. Fair Fair... Fair. Fair... Good. Fair. Fair... Fair. Fair. 
Fair... Fair — Good. Good............ Fair 
.| Very poor.... Very poor. 
š aa -| Very poor.... .| Very poor. 
Very poor.... Very poor... Very poor. 
Brookshire: 8፪፻ፎ.................---...--- Very poor....| Poor.............. Good — Good............| Good........-... Very poor...| Very poor...] Poor............._ Good..........._ Very poor 
Calvin: CaD, Cat Very poor....| Fair. Good. Fair. Fair.............. Very poor. 1 Very poor...| Poor... Fair. Very poor. 
Cataska: (26፻.-....... ..........›------------| Very poor....| Poor... Fair. oe Poor. ests Very poor...| Very poor...] Poor... Poor... Very poor. 
Chagrin: Co Good. Good ............. Good.. -| Good............ Good............ Poor... Very poor...| Good........... Good... Very poor 
Christian: 
ርከር Very poor...| Very poor....| Good_...........| Good... Very poor. 
ChD, CnD3... Very poor....| Very poor.... .| Very poor. 
Citico: CtE --.. Very poor....| Very poor .| Very poor. 
Dandridge: DaD, Dat, DaF...| Very poor...| Poor... Poor.............. Very poor...| Very poor...| Very poor...| Very poor.... ..| Very poor. 
D “=== Poor............. Very poor.... Very poor. 
DcC, DdC3.... -| Very poor...| Very poor... .| Very poor. 
DcD2, 0)በ03.............................--| Eat, Fair..........| ((፳000...............| Good............1 Good............ Very poor...| Very poor... Very poor. 
(3004..........---- Poor... Very poor Very poor. 
DeC, DgC3. „| Fair... " -| Very poor...| Very poor... | Very poor. 
DeD2, DgD3 Very poor...| Very poor... Very poor. 
Ditney: 
DhD. Poor Good Good... Very poor...| Very poor Very poor. 
Good...........- Very poor. 1 Very poor. Very poor. 


Very poor.... 


92 


ሕ8ለ8ሲሰ8 TIOS 


.--| Very ጅ00፻..... 
....| Very poor.... 

.| Very poor... 
Very poor.... 


DmC, DnC3.. 
ዐጠሀ2, DnD3.. 


ን ም e Very poor... 


Very poor.... 
Very poor.... 
Very poor... 


Very poor... 
-| Very poor.... 


Very poor.... 
-| Very poor... 


Very poor.... 
Very poor 


Fletcher: 
FhC.... ia = MEE ousted ሽር Good... Very poor...| Very poor... 
FhD.... e pucr 1 NE EE E s: ..-| Very poor....| Very Dor 
Fullerton: 
Fte .| Very poor...| Very poor.... 


Very poor... 
Very poor. 


et Very poor.... 
Very poor... 


Gladeville: (308..................------ Very poor.... Very poor....| Very poor... 
Greendale: (2.......... Good, — TI Good............| Good............| Poor... Very poor... 
Hamblen: |ኀ18..................................| Good............ Good............| Good.) Poar Poor..........---- 


Hartsells: 146(ሁ............----............... Good.) Good............ Very Door 


Holston: Hot: Fair... ጆች Good............| Good............ Very poor.... 


Very poor... 


Very poor... 


Jefferson: 


Good a... | Very poor... 
.| Good ፪ -| Very poor... 


Very poor... 
Very poor.... 


Í Very poor... 2 i ..| Good Very poor...| Very poor... 
| Poor... ir.. = ..| Good d -| Very poor....| Very poor 
Very poor 4] Good... Very poor...| Very poor... 


Good.........--- 


-| Very poor... 
Good............ 


Very poor.... 


Very poor.... 
Very poor.... 


Leadvale: Leben 


ir..............| Good..........| Good.) Good............ PER Et; ሚከ ከ Very poor... 


Linker: LkO...... ...---------- Pea! ........-5| Good...) Good............ Very poor....| Very poor... 


ጋር? od....... -..-| Very poor.... Very poor 


-| Very poor... 


LtE, LY. z SE -. , ir.. - iro ir... R Very poor....| Very poor... 
Lobdell: eg osse Lose "BL u. u. Very poor.... 
Minvale: 

MnB.... Lease] Good............| Poor.............. Very poor.... 

MrQC.... r.l Good... Good... | (2000..........---| Good. Very poor...| Very poor... 


Montevallo: ሽለ1ጄ.........................| Poor.............. los i | ET, jj MERO Very poor....| Very poor... 


Very poor....| 


.| Very poor. 


Good. 


.--| Very poor. 
.| Very poor. 
Very poor. 


.| Poor. 


.| Very poor. 
..| Very poor. 
.| Very poor. 
.| Very poor. 
Very poor. 


.| Very poor. 


Very poor. 


Very poor. 
.| Very poor. 


Very poor. 
Very poor. 


Very poor. 
.| Very poor. 
Very poor. 
Very poor. 


Very poor. 


Very poor. 
Very poor. 


Very poor. 
Very poor. 


Very poor. 


Very poor. 
.| Very poor. 
.| Very poor. 
Very poor. 
Very poor. 
Very poor. 


Very poor. 


፳9፳8፪319፲3.፲ 'ALN007) SOHNOJA 


LL 


TABLE 7.—Suitability of soils for elements of wildlife habitat and kinds of wildlife—Continued 


Elements of wildlife habitat 


Soil series and 


Kinds of wildlife 


map symbols Wild Coniferous Wetland Shallow 
grasses and | herbaceous plants plants water 
plants areas 
Neubert: Ne... iod ....---.----| Good... | Good............ Good............ Poor... Very poor 
Newark: ከክ ........... ir..............| (3009..........----| Good............ 05004............| Fair... Fair............. 
Philo: Ph. | Good... JI (.2001..............| Good............ Good... Poor..........---- Poor... 
Pope: ጅዐ...............--. ..›-‹-----------=>›››-| Good) Good............ Good.) Poor... Very poor 
Purdy: Pu... uuu.  Poop Fait Fair... Fair. Good Good. 
Ramsey: Haten Very poor....| Poor... Pe Very poor...| Very poor...| Very poor... 


Poor.............. | ናደው ገች... 1 Fair.. 
dE eus ir.. .| Fair.. 


..| Very poor... 
-| Very poor... 


1 God...) Good... .5004.........----| Poor..........-.-- 

BR Good............| '(፳001..............-| Good... Good... ጅዐ0ፐ............---- 
SeC2, SgC3 = = a Mon -| (2004.......›.›--4 Very poor 
SeD2, 59033. T Sg ir..............| Good............ aa] Good. JI Very poor 


Shelocta: 
ShC Very poor... 
.| Very poor.... 


Very poor... 


Spivey: .| Very poor 


Staser: Poor..........---- 
Statler: Stow. 
Steekee: 8፻..... nl 
8,160: 8ሃነሾ.............  ራ--ራ---------------- 


Talbott: 


TaD2, TbD3.. 
TcD, ፲ርጄ....... 


Tellico: 
TeD, ፐ0ሀ3............----------“---------| Poor... j) EE .....=---| Good... 
TS, ToE3, TS. E : ii e A E 


| Very poor... 


..| Very poor 
JI Very poor... 
.| Very poor... 
Transylvania: Tu Good Lesen = e sues] Good... A Poor... 
Unieoi: UcF. 


Wallen: Wat. «|| Poor... || SUE ጅቕዐዐ፻............---- Very poor.... 


.| Very poor... 


Ges poor... ee n DLL Good.) Very poor... 
Whitwell: ነቢ .................--------.›፦-- Good. Poor. 


.| Very poor. 
-| Very poor.... 


.| Very poor... 
.| Very poor. 


JI Very poor.... 
-| Very poor... 


Very poor.... 
Very poor... 


Very poor. 


Very poor.... 


.| Very poor JO 
-| Very pont 


Very poor 
Very poor.... 


Very poor.... 
Very poor 
Very poor. 


Very poor.... 


Very poor.... 


Very poor... 
Very poor... 
Very poor.... 


Very poor... 
Very poor.... 
Very poor.... 


Very poor 


Very poor.... 


Wetland 


Fair. 


Poor. 


Good. 


.| Very poor. 


...] Very poor. 
.| Very poor. 


.| Very poor. 


.| Poor. 


Very poor. 


Very poor. 


Very poor. 


Very poor. 
.| Very poor. 
Very poor. 


Very poor. 
.| Very poor. 


Very poor. 
Very poor. 
Very poor. 
Very poor. 


Very poor. 


Very poor. 
.| Very poor. 
Very poor. 


Very poor. 
.| Very poor. 
Very poor. 


Very poor. 
Very poor. 
Very poor. 


Very poor. 
..| Very poor. 

.| Very poor. 
Very poor. 


8L 


AGAUNS TIOS 


Monron County, TENNESSEE 79 


such as ponds, marshes, and swamps. For wetland wild- 
life the rating is based on the ratings shown for wet- 
land food and cover plants and shallow water areas. 

Suitability ratings in table 7.—On soils rated good, 
habitat is generally easily created, improved, or main- 
tained. There are few or no soil limitations in manage- 
ment, and satisfactory results can be expected. 

On soils rated fair, habitat generally can be created, 
improved, or maintained, but moderate limitations 
affect management or development. À moderate inten- 
sity of management and fairly frequent attention may 
be required to insure satisfactory results. 

On soils rated poor, habitat can generally be created, 
improved, or maintained, but limitations are severe. 
Management can be difficult and expensive and require 
intensive effort. 

On soils rated very poor, it is impractical to create, 
improve, or maintain habitat because of the very severe 
limitations. Unsatisfactory results are probable. 

Not considered in the ratings are present land use, 
the location of a soil in relation to other soils, and the 
mobility of wildlife. 


Engineering? 


This section is useful to those who need information 
about soils used as structural material or as foundation 
upon which structures are built. Among those who can 
benefit from this section are planning commissions, 
town and city managers, land developers, engineers, 
contractors, and farmers. 

Among properties of soils highly important in engi- 
neering are permeability, strength, compaction char- 
acteristics, drainage condition, shrink-swell potential, 
grain size, plasticity, and reaction. Also important are 
depth to the water table, depth to bedrock, and slope. 
These properties, in various degrees and combinations, 
affect construction and maintenance of roads, airports, 
pipelines, foundations for small buildings, irrigation 
systems, ponds and small dams, and systems for 
disposal of sewage and refuse. 

Information in this part of the soil survey can be 
helpful to those who— 


1. Select potential residential, industrial, com- 
mercial, and recreational sites. 

2. Evaluate alternate routes for roads, highways, 
pipelines, and underground cables. 

3. Seek sources of gravel, sand, or clay. 

4. Plan farm drainage systems, ponds, terraces, 

and other structures for controlling water and 

conserving soil. 

Select sites that are suitable for use as filter 

fields for septic tanks. 

6. Correlate performance with soil mapping units 
to develop information that is useful in design- 
ing and maintaining engineering structures. 

7. Determine the suitability of soils for cross- 
country movement of vehicles and construction 
equipment. 


Er 


*፲05 D. CARMACK, civil engineer, Soil Conservation Service, 
helped prepare this section. 


8. Develop other preliminary estimates pertinent 
to construction in a particular area. 


Most of the information in this section is presented 
in tables 8 and 9, which show, respectively, several esti- 
mated soil properties significant in engineering uses. 

This information, along with the soil map and other 
parts of this publication, can be used to make interpre- 
tations in addition to those given in table 9, and it also 
can be used to make other useful maps. 

This information, however, does not eliminate need 
for further investigations at sites selected for engineer- 
ing works, especially works that involve heavy loads or 
that require excavations to depths greater than those 
shown in the tables, generally depths greater than 6 
feet. Also, inspection of sites, especially the small ones, 
is needed because many delineated areas of a given soil 
mapping unit may contain small areas of other kinds 
of soil that have strongly contrasting properties and 
different suitabilities or limitations for soil engineer- 
ing. 

Some terms used in this soil survey have special 
meaning in soil science that may not be familiar to 
engineers. The Glossary defines many of these terms. 


Engineering classification systems 


The two systems most commonly used in classifying 
samples of soils for engineering are the Unified system 
(2), used by SCS engineers, the Department of De- 
fense, and others; and the AASHTO system, adopted 
by the American Association of State Highway and 
Transportation Officials (1). 

In the Unified system soils are classified according to 
particle-size distribution, plasticity, liquid limit, and 
organic-matter content. Soils are grouped in 15 classes. 
There are eight classes of coarse-grained soils, iden- 
tified as GW, GP, GM, GC, SW, SP, SM, and SC; six 


: elasses of fine-grained soils, identified as ML, CL, OL, 


MH, CH, and OH ; and one class of highly organic soils, 
identified as Pt. Soils on the borderline between two 
classes are designated by symbols for both classes; for 
example, CL-ML. 

The AASHTO system is used to classify soils ac- 
cording to those properties that affect use in highway 
construction and maintenance. In this system, a soil 
is classified in one of seven basic groups ranging from 
ል-1 through A-7 on the basis of grain-size distribution, 
liquid limit, and plasticity index. In group A-1 are 
gravelly soils, which have high bearing strength and 
are the best soils for subgrade or foundation. At the 
other extreme, in group A-7, are clay soils, which have 
low strength when wet and are the poorest soils for 
subgrade. The estimated AASHTO classification for 
all soils mapped in the survey area is shown in table 8. 


Soil properties significant in engineering 

Estimates of soil properties significant in engineer- 
ing are listed in table 8. These estimates are made for 
typical soil profiles, by layers sufficiently different to 
have different significance in soil engineering. The 
estimates are based on field observations made in the 
course of mapping, on test data for these and similar 


80 SOIL SURVEY 
TABLE 8.—Estimated 
[An asterisk in the first column indicates that at least one mapping unit in the series is made up of two or more kinds of soil that 
series that appear in the first column. The symbol 


Depth Classification Coarse 


Soil series and to Depth Depth fraction 

map symbols seasonal to from USDA texture less 
water rock surface Unified AASHTO than 3 
table inches 
Feet Feet Inches 

Alcoa: AaB, AaC, ACC, >6 >5 0-7 LORI eee edad CL-ML, CL 
AaD, AcD3. 7-20 | Clay loam .| CL 
20-74 | Clay, sandy clay................ MH, CL, ML 


16-88 | Clay loam............... 


Allegheny: Ag... 26 >4 0-16 | Lonm ect Gr CL-ML 
38-58 | Loam, fine sandy loam....| CL, CL-ML, SC, 
SM-SC 


Allen: Ant, AnD.................. >6 >6 0-15 | ፲,08፲ቢ............ .........-.-----ራ-«-=--- ML, 8M, SM-SC, A-4 0-2 
CL-ML 

ML, CL, CL-ML 

CL 


15-42 | Loam, clay loam 
42-80 | Clay loam........... 


Altavista: Ae 214-3 >5 0-14 | Silt loam ML, CL, CL-ML 


14-34 | Silty clay loam. E 
34-52 | Gravelly loam...............------- GM-GC, SM-SC, 
GC, SC 
Atkins: At.............................. 0-1 >6 0-44 | Silt loam, 106፻በ..................----- CL, ML, CL-ML - r - . sese 
44-60 | Gravelly fine sandy loam..| ML, CL, SM, SC, A-2, À-À Leen 
CL-ML, SM-SC 
Beason: Bà... 1-2 >6 0-6 || Silt loam CL-ML, CL ለ-4 . .. |.::፡፡)፡ሬ.ጨ= 
; 6-40 | Silty clay loam, oan. CL A-6, A-7 |. K 
40-60 | Silty clay 1068ቢ............... . ------- CL A-6 
Bland: BdD, BdE, BnE...... >6 2-3 0-5 Silt 106ኾቤ..... .......--------------------- CL, CH AT - (- |............››.= 
No estimates for Rock 8-25 | Clay. sime CH AST . . dE 
outcrop part of BnE. 
Brookshire: BrE...............--- >6 28314 0-36 | Loam, silt loam.................. ML, CL, CL-ML A-4 0-2 
36-52 | Gravelly loam............--..--- e 5e, ML, CL, | A-4, A-2 0-5 
GM-GC, 8M-8C 
52 | Sandstone. 
Calvin: CaD, CaE............. = >6 2-3 0-3 Silt loam........ 1... ናቸው ML, CL, CL-ML ል-4 0 
3-14 | Shaly silt loam.................. CL-ML, CL, GC, À-4, A-6, 0 
GM-GC A-2 
14-22 | Shaly silt 106፻በ..............---.----- GC, GM-GC is ue 15-35 
22 | Shale. 
Cataska: 026ሾ...............---------- >6 2-3 0-6 Slaty silt loam............... CL-ML, ML, GM-GC, | A-4 5-15 
No estimates for Rock GM 
outerop part. 6-16 | Slaty silt 106፻ሴ....................---- GM, GM-GC ጴ-2 10-25 
16 | Phyllite rock. 
Chagrin: Coen 3-4 26 0-50 | Silt loam....... s CL-ML, ML, CL 
Christian: ChC, ርክ, >6 47 - 0-8 LORI eene CL-ML, ML, CL 
CnD3. 8-44 | Clay loam, clay. 4 CL 
44-55 | Shaly clay loam.................. CL, SC 
55 | Sandy shale.: 
Citicon e መንን >6 3-5 0-48 | Channery silt oam. — GM-GC, GM, GC, A-4 0-10 
ML, CL, CL-ML 
48 | Phyllite rock. 
Dandridge: DaD, DaE, >6 1-2 0-6 Shaly silty clay 108፤6......-..| SC, CL, GC A-4, A-6 5-15 
DaF. 6-14 | Shaly silty clay...............-.. GC A-6, A-7, 15-20 


14 | Shale. 


Monroe County, TENNESSEE 81 


engineering properties of the soil 


may have different properties and. limitations. It is therefore necessary to follow carefully the instructions for referring to other 
'> means more than; the symbol << means less than] 


Percentage less than 3 inches passing sieve— 


a ee አና ከር ማከያው D ጨዉ Liquid Plasticity Perme- Available Shrink-swell 
limit index ability water capacity | Reaction potential 
No. 4 No. 10 No. 40 No. 200 

(4.7 mm) (2.0 mm) (0.42 mm) | (0.074 mm) 
Inches Inchee per 
per inch of 
Percent hour soil pH 
95-100 95-100 90-100 60-75 22-30 6-10 0.6-2.0 0.15-0.18 4.5-5.5 | Low. 
95-100 95-100 90-100 65-75 28-38 11-18 0.6-2.0 0.14-0.18 45-5.5 | Low. 
95-100 95-100 90-100 55-75 38-53 14-23 0.6-2.0 0.12-0.18 4.5-5.5 Moderate. 
80-100 75-100 70-90 55-85 15-25 3-7 0.6-2.0 0.15-0.18 5.1-5.5 | Low. 
80-100 75-100 70-90 65-85 28-36 0-16 0.6-30 0.14-0.18 5.1-5.5 | Low. 
80-100 75-100 60-85 36-55 20-28 6-9 0.6-2.0 0.10-0.14 5.1-5.5 Low. 
90-100 80-100 65-85 40-80 18-26 3-7 0.6-2.0 0.14-0.19 4.5-5.5 | Low. 
85-100 80-100 75-95 60-75 25-38 6-18 0.6-2.0 0.15-0.18 4.5-5.5 | Low. 
85-100 80-100 70-05 65-85 25-45 11-22 0.6-2.0 0.12-0.18 4.5-5.5 Low. 
80-100 75-100 70-90 60-80 20-30 8-9 0.6-2.0 0.16-0.20 5.1-5.5 Low. 
80-100 75-100 70-95 65-85 20-30 9-15 0.6-2.0 0.15-0.20 5.1-5.5 | Low. 
55-75 50-75 45-60 30-40 20-30 7-13 0.6-2.0 0.10-0.15 5.1-5.5 Low. 
95-100 90-100 85-95 65-95 <30 INP-10 0.6-2.0 0.17-0.20 5.1-5.5 | Low. 
70-100 65-90 50-65 30-60 «30 NP-9 0.6-6.0 0.08-0.20 5.1-5.5 | Low. 

100 95-100 90-100 75-90 20-30 5-10 0.6-2.0 0.18-0.22 5.1-6.0 | Low. 

100 95-100 90-95 85-95 36-48 15-20 0.2-0.6 0.16-0.18 5.1-5.5 Low. 

100 95-100 90-95 80-95 30-40 11-17 0.2-0.6 0.15-0.20 5.1-5.5 | Low. 
90-95 85-95 75-95 60-95 40-55 25-35 0.6-2.0 0.16-0.20 5.1-5.5 Moderate. 
90-100 85-95 75-95 65-90 60-75 35-45 0.2-0.6 0.10-0.15 5.1-7.8 | Moderate. 
75-85 70-85 65-75 50-65 17-30 3-10 0.6-6.0 0.10-0.14 5.1-5.5 | Low. 
55-80 50-75 45-05 30-60 17-30 3-10 0.6-6.0 0.08-0.12 6.1-6.8 Low. 
80-100 75-90 70-90 60-85 15-24 3-8 2.0-6.0 0.12-0.16 4.5-5.5 | Low 
35-60 30-60 25-60 20-55 15-28 4-12 2.0-0.0 0.08-0.12 4.5-5.5 Low 
25-50 20-40 15-40 15-97 15-28 4-12 2.0-6.0 0.04-0.08 4.5-5.5 | Low 
55-80 50-75 45-70 40-65 16-25 2-6 0.6-2.0 0.10-0.14 4.5-5.5 | Low. 
15-50 10-45 10-40 . 10-35 16-25 2-7 0.6-2.0 0.04-0.09 4.5-5.5 | Low. 

100 90-100 85-05 70-85 20-30 3-10 0.6-2.0 0.16-0.20 5.0-7.9 Low. 

100 95-100 85-95 60-75 16-28 3-9 0.6-2.0 0.17-0.19 5.1-5.5 Low. 
95-100 95-100 90-100 70-80 35-48 15-25 0.6-2.0 0.15-0.17 4.5-5.5 Low. 
10-85 60-75 50-65 40-55 80-48 12-25 0.6-2.0 0.11-0.15 4.5-5.5 | Low. 
60-00 50-80 45-80 35-80 15-25 3-9 0.6-2.0 0.12-0.15 5.1-5.5 Low. 
30-80 45-90 35-75 35-70 25-40 8-20 0.6-2. 0.08-0.14 6.1-7.8 | Low. 
25-50 25-55 15-45 15-40 35-60 15-35 0.2-0.6 0.06-0.10 6.1-7.8 | Low. 


82 


SOIL SURVEY 


Soil series and 
map symbols 


Decatur: DeB, DcC, 
0602, DdC3, DdD3. 


Dewey: DeB, DeC, DeD2, 
0603, DgD3. 


Ditney: DhD, DhF.............. 


Dunmore: DmB, DmC, 
DmD2, DmE2, DnC3, 
DnD3. 


Dunning: Du... 


Fletcher: FhC, FhD.............. 


Fullerton: FtC, FtD, FtE.... 


Gladeville: GdD.......... 
No estimates for Rock 
outcrop part. 


Greendale: (፲፻......................... 


Hamblen: 


Holston: |ኀ40ር...........................- 


Jefferson: 


7 


JeC, JeD, JeE, 


seasonal 


water 
table 


26 


ET 


26 


26 


26 


26 


26 


26 


2-3 


26 


>4 


>6 


>6 


3-6 


3-6 


>6 


<1 


Depth 
from 
surface 


USDA texture 


Chay scc tides 


Silt loam... 
Silty clay loam... 
(3 


Sandstone. 


Silt 168፪፻በ............. sss 
Silty clay loam... 


Clay. 


Silt loam.............................. 
Silty clay loam.................... 
Phyllite rock. 


Cherty silt loam................ 


Fine sandy loam................ 


Clay 10am... 
Sandstone. 


TABLE 8,—Estimated 


Classification 


Unified 


CL-ML, ML, CL 
ML, CL 


CL, ML, MH 
ML, CL-ML 


| CL, MH, ML, CH 


ML, CL, CLM 
i SM M, GM 


CL-ML, CL 
CL 


‘| MH, CH 
| CL-ML, CL 


CL 
CH, MH, CL 
CL, ML 
CL-ML, CL 
CL 


CL-ML, CL 
CH, CL 


ML, CL, CL-ML 
CL-ML, CL, ML 


SM-SC, GM-GC, GC, 
ML, GM, CL, CL- 


ML, SM, SC 

Cherty silty clay loam...... CL, GC 

Cherty dag. CL, MH, GC 

Flaggy silty clay loam, GC, CL, CH 

flaggy clay. 

Limestone. 

Silt lóam............................ CL-ML, ML, CL 
| Silt loam... CL, ML, CL-ML 


SM-SC, SM, ML, 
ML 


..| ML, CL-ML 
D CL 


GM, GM-GC, 8M, 
SM-SC, ML, 
CL-ML 

CL-ML GM, 8M, CL, 
ML, GM- 

SM-&8C 
GM-GC, GC, SM-SC, 


AASHTO 


Coarse 
Aeron 


de 3 
inches 


oo 


እዐአ8ዐጀ County, TENNESSEE 83 
engineering properties of the soil—Continued 


Percentage less than 3 inches passing sieve— 


Liquid Plasticity Perme- Available Shrink-swell 
limit index ability water capacity | Reaction potential 
No. 4 No, 10 No, 40 No. 200 
(4.7 mm) (2.0 mm) (0.42 mm) | (0.074 mm) 
Inches Inchea per 
per inch of 

hour soil pH 
90-100 90-100 85-95 65-75 20-32 5-12 0.6-2.0 0.15-0.20 4.5-6.0 | Low. 
90-100 90-100 85-05 75-90 32-49 8-22 0.6-2.0 0.14-0.17 4.5-5.5 | Low. 
90-100 90-100 85-95 75-90 40-55 15-25 0.6-2.0 0.12-0.16 4.5-5.5 | Moderate. 
90-100 90-100 15-95 65-80 24-30 4-9 0.6-2.0 0.18-0.20 5.1-5.5 Low. 
90-100 80-100 75-95 65-80 30-40 10-18 0.6-2.0 0.14-0.17 5.1-5.5 | Low. 
90-100 80-100 75-95 70-90 34-55 12-28 0.6-2.0 0.11-0.15 5.1-5.5 | Moderate. 
65-05 55-85 50-70 36-70 20-30 3-7 2.0-6.0 0.10-0.15 4.5-5.5 | Low. 


85-100 80-90 70-80 65-75 20-30 5-10 0.6-2.0 0.17-0.20 4.5-5.5 | Low. 
90-100 80-05 75-95 70-90 30-40 12-20 0.6-2.0 0.17-0.18 4.5-5.5 | Low. 
90-100 80-95 75-95 75-95 50-70 20-35 0.6-2.0 0.10-0.16 4.5-5.5 | Moderate. 
95-100 95-100 85-95 75-85 20-35 7-15 0.6-2.0 0.16-0.20 6.1-7.3 | Low. 
95-100 95-100 90-100 85-100 30-45 11-20 0.6-2.0 0.14-0.18 6.1-7.3 | Moderate. 
95-100 95-100 90-100 85-100 45-75 20-45 0.06-0.2 0.10-0.15 6.1-7.3 | High. 
95-100 90-100 85-100 80-95 23-39 7-16 0.6-2.0 0.18-0.20 5.1-6.0 | Low. 
95-100 95-100 85-95 70-85 20-26 5-9 0.6-2.0 0.17-0.20 5.1-5.5 | Low. 
95-100 95-100 85-95 80-90 25-35 10-15 0.6-2.0 0.16-0.20 5.1-5.5 | Low. 
95-100 95-100 90-100 80-95 20-30 5-15 0.6-2.0 0.15-0.20 4.5-5.5 | Low. 
90-100 85-100 80-95 70-90 40-60 20-35 0.6-2.0 0.12-0.15 4.5-5.5 | Moderate. 
95-100 95-100 90-100 85-95 15-30 3-12 0.6-2.0 0.18-0.20 4.5-5.5 | Low. 
95-100 95-100 90-100 85-95 27-36 4-12 0.6-2.0 0.18-0.20 4.5-5.5 | Low. 
55-85 50-85 40-70 35-65 16-30 3-10 0.6-2.0 0.12-0.16 4.5-5.5 | Low. 
70-85 50-85 40-70 35-65 30-42 11-17 0.6-2.0 0.10-0.15 4.5-5.5 | Low. 
70-85 50-85 45-70 40-70 48-70 21-35 0.6-2.0 0.10-0.14 4.5-5.5 | Low. 
40-60 30-55 25-55 20-55 38-55 20-34 0.6-2.0 0.05-0.11 6.6-8.4 | Moderate. 
80-100 75-100 70-95 65-95 20-35 4-12 0.6-2.0 0.15-0.20 5.1-5.5 | Low. 

100 95-100 85-05 80-85 22-38 5-14 0.6-2.0 0.18-0.20 5.6-7.3 | Low. 
90-100 80-100 60-75 35-55 <20 3-7 2.0-6.0 0.12-0.18 4.5-5.5 | Low. 
95-100 95-100 75-90 50-75 «20 3-7 2.0-6.0 0.12-0.18 4.5-5.5 | Low. 
95-100 90-100 70-95 55-70 25-36 10-15 0.6-2.0 0.13-0.17 4.5-5.5 | Low. 
90-100 85-95 75-90 60-80 <25 NP-7 0.6-2.0 0.17-0.20 4.5-5.5 | Low. 
90-100 85-95 85-95 80-90 20-30 8-15 0.6-2.0 0.16-0.20 4.5-5.5 | Low. 
65-80 60-80 50-65 30-55 <22 NP-7 2.0-6.0 0.13-0.17 4.0-5.5 | Low. 
65-80 60-80 65-76 35-60 24-33 7-12 2.0-6.0 0.10-0.17 4.0-5.5 | Low. 


40-80 35-75 30-60 25-50 24-33 7-12 2.0-6.0 0.10-0.15 4.0-5.5 | Low. 


84 


Soil series and 
map symbols 


Jeffrey: JyD, ህሃ.................... 


Leadvale: [68........................-- 
Linker: ቪ።(ዐ..... . ..... ......----››------- 
*Litz: 


LtC, LtD, LtD3, 
LtE, LY. 

For Sequoia part of LY, 
866 Sequoia series. 
Gullied land part of LY 

is too variable to rate. 


Montevallo: ME. 


Neubert: Ne... 


Newark: Nk 
Philo: Ph... 


Ramsey: ፻፲፳ጅ............. ...........----- 


No estimate for 
outcrop part. 


Ranger RgD, RoP.............. 


Sequatchie: Sa... 


SOIL SURVEY 
TABLE 8.— Estimated 
Depth Classification Coarse 
to Depth Depth fraction 
seasonal to from USDA texture less 
water roek surface Unified AASHTO than 3 
table inches 
Feet Feet Inches Percent 
>6 2-314 0-25 | Cobbly 106፲8..................--------- SM-SC, 8M, ML, À-4 2-20 
CL-ML 
25-32 | Cobbly sandy loam............ GM-GC, SM-SC, SM, | A-4, A-2 5-20 
GM, CL-ML, ML 
32 | Sandstone. 
2-3 3-6 0-16 | Silt loam CL-ML, ML, CL 
16-23 | Silty clay loam... 4 CL, CL-ML 
23-35 | Silty clay loam... -| CL y 
35-55 | Silty clay CL, MH, ML 
26 2-314 0-6 ML, CL-ML 
6-14 | CL-ML, CL 
14-28 -| CL 
28-34 | CL, SC, GC 
34 
26 2-316 0-8 Shaly silt loam..............-..... CL-ML, CL A-4 0-10 
8-22 | Shaly silt loam or shaly CL, GC A-6, A-4 15-30 
silty clay loam. 
22 hale, 
2-3 >5 0-41 | Silt loam, loam................... CL-ML, ML, CL ል-4 0-2 
41-68 | Gravelly fine sandy loam..| ML, CL, CL-ML ለ-4 0-2 
26 26 0-11 Silt loam CL-ML, ML, CL Ácd- . [pecie 
11-43 | Silty clay loam. -| CL -6 
o CL, MH 
>6 2-3 0-6 Shaly silt loam..................| ML, CL-ML rr  ኤሔጨ ሬጨ 
7-16 | Shaly silt loam.................... ዕር A-2, A-4, je 
A-6 
17 | Shale. 
>6 >6 0-63 | Loam, fine sandy loam...... CL-ML, SM-SC, ML, | A-4 [Je 
SM, CL, SC 
0-115 >6 0-60 | Silt loam.............................. CL-ML, ML AA - - |---. ጨጨ 
2-8 >4 0-38 | Silt loam, loam................. ML, CL, CL-ML, A-4 0-3 
38-52 | Gravelly fine sandy loam... ML, CL, GM, GM-GC| A-2, A-4 0-10 
GC, SM, SC, SM-SC 
>4 >4 0-36 no ————À CL-ML, ML A4 0 0 — deese 
36-56 | Fine sandy loam................ US CL-ML, 8M, | A-4, A-2 0-10 
0-1 >4 0-12 .| CL-ML, CL 
12-28 CL 
28-50 ዕጨ 
>6 1-2 0-16 CL-ML, ML, CL, SM, | A-2, A-4 5-10 
SC, SM-SC 
16 | Sandstone. 
>6 2-3 0-6 Channery silt loam............ CL-ML, ML, GM-GC | A-4 0-5 
6-26 Channery silt loam............ GM, GC A-4, A-2 25-40 
26 | Phyllite rock. 
>6 >5 0-34 a eS a... SM-SC, CL-ML, SM, | A-4 
SC, ML, CL 
34-85 | Lem, ML, CL, CL-ML, 8M, | A-4, A-2 0-5 
SC, SM-SC, 


GM-GC, GM, GC 


engineering properties of the soil —Continued 


rc 


Monroe County, TENNESSEE 


Percentage less than 3 inches passing sieve— 


0.4 
(4.7 mm) 


80-90 
65-90 


95-100 
95-100 
90-100 
90-100 


95-100 
95-100 


95-100 
60-80 


70-90 
60-70 


80-100 
65-75 


80-100 
80-100 
80-100 


60-90 
30-65 


90-100 


95-100 
95-100 
50-75 


95-100 
55-90 


95-100 
95-100 
95-100 


80-100 


70-90 
45-65 


95-100 
65-95 


No. 10 
(2.0 mm) 


70-85 
55-85 


95-100 
95-100 
80-100 
70-100 


90-100 
90-100 


90-100 
50-75 


66-85 
50-60 


75-95 
60-75 


80-95 
80-95 
80-95 


60-90 
30-55 


85-100 


95-100 
80-100 
40-75 


90-100 
50-90 


90-95 
95-100 
95-100 


75-100 


65-85 
40-65 


90-100 
55-80 


No. 40 
(0.42 mm) 


No. 200 


(0.074 mm) 


Liquid Plasticity Perme- Available 
limit index ability water capacity 
Inches Inches per 
per inch of 
Percent hour soil 

20-30 3-7 0.6-6.0 0.14-0.18 
25-30 3-7 0.6-6.0 0.10-0.15 
20-30 3-9 0.6-2.0 0.18-0.22 
25-35 7-14 0.6-2.0 0.18-0.20 
28-38 11-16 0.06-0.6 0.06-0.11 
35-50 15-25 0.06-0.6 0.03-0.07 
15-20 3-7 0.6-2.0 0.12-0.16 
20-30 5-15 0.6-2.0 0.16-0.19 
25-35 11-20 0.6-2.0 0.16-0.19 
25-35 11-20 0.6-2.0 0.13-0.16 
20-30 4-10 0.6-2.0 0.14-0.17 
28-38 10-18 0.6-2.0 0.07-0.12 
20-30 8-9 0.6-2.0 0.18-0.22 
15-25 3-10 0.6-2.0 0.16-0.20 
18-25 5-9 0.6-2.0 0.18-0.20 
30-39 11-17 0.6-2.0 0.15-0.18 
35-60 14-25 0.6-2.0 0.12-0.16 
25-35 5-10 0.6-2.0 0.06-0.12 
20-35 9-15 0.6-2.0 0.06-0.12 
20-30 2-10 0.6-2.0 0.16-0.18 
25-39 5-10 0.6-2.0 0.18-0.20 
20-40 3-9 0.6-2.0 0.17-0.20 
20-40 3-9 2.0-6.0 0.06-0.10 
15-26 8-7 2.0-0.0 0.14-0.18 
15-25 3-7 2.0-6.0 0.12-0.16 
20-30 5-15 0.2-0.6 0.18-0.20 
35-45 12-20 0.06-0.2 0.16-0.18 
35-48 15-25 «0.06 0.12-0.16 
15-25 2-8 6.0-20.0 0.06-0.10 

«30 2-7 0.6-2.0 0.12-0.15 

«30 2-10 0.6-2.0 0.07-0.12 

«25 NP-10 0.6-2.0 0.16-0.18 

«25 NP-10 0.6-2.0 0.15-0.18 


Reaction 


| 
መቻ ር 


| 
=m en - ፎቭ ርጋ ርጋ O 


Së GE 
mmm nomm 


EN 
ET 


nan መ= Hir 


ቻቻ ውውመ Dë 
eer 
ቻቻ ቻቻወ 


TT 


85 


Shrink-swell 
potential 


Low. 
Low. 
Low. 


Low. 
Low. 


Low. 
Low. 
Moderate. 


Low. 


Low. 
Low. 


Low. 


Low. 


86 SOIL SURVEY 


TABLE 8.—Estimated 


ám a Heath Depth Classification Midas 
i] series an season! ep | fraetion 
map symbols water to ius USDA texture less than 
table rock Burisces Unified AASHTO | 3 inches 
Feet Feet Inchea Percent 
Sequoia: SeB, SeC2, >6 2-314 0-6 Silt loam CL, CL-ML A-4,A-6 |........)...------ 
802, SgC3, 8003. 6-34 | Silty clay... MB, CL, CH A — Loloe 
34 | Shale. 
Shelocta: ShC, ShD........ š >6 >4 0-18 | Silt loam... CL-ML, ML, CL A4 000 [LL 
18-48 | Silty clay loam. .| CL-ML, CL A-4, AB ኪ.........››››› 
48-60 | Silt loam... ML, CL, CL-ML, A-4, A-2 0-8 
SM-SC, SM, GC, 
GM-GÓ 
Shouns: SnD...................... »6 >5 0-14 CL-ML, CL, ML A-4 0-5 
14-39 J CL A-6, A-4 0-5 
39-56 CL, GC, SC A-4, À-6, 0-10 
Spivey: Set. nn >6 >335 0-60 GC, GM, GM-GO, SC, | A-4, A-2 15-30 
SM, SM-SC 
Staser: Ge >6 >6 0-35 | Loam... CL-ML, ML, CL A-6, A-4 0 
35-52 | Fine sandy loam................ CL-ML, CL, 8M, A-4, A-6 0-5 
SM-SC, ML 
Statler: St... >6 >6 0-60 | Lonm eee ML, CL, CL-ML ል-6, À-4 |]..................››-› 
Steekee: 8ጆ...........--... ...-›--›------ >6 1-2 0-18 | ፲08፻8......  ..-- ሩ--«ሬራ----------.--=-- CL-ML, ML, CL A-4 0-10 
SM-SC, SM, SC 
18 | Sandstone or sandy shale. 
Syleo: 85ሄሾ............---------.--..------- >6 2-314 0-24 | Channery silt loam............ EM አ GM, À-4 0-15 
24-33 | Channery silt loam............ GM, GM-GC, SM, A-4, A-2 20-40 
SM-SC 
33 | Phyllite rock. 
Talbott: TaC2, 18032, >6 2-335 0-5 ML, CL, CL-ML A-4, AB |................--››› 
TbC3, TbD3, TcD, TcE. 5-34 CL, CH, MH A-8, A-7 [|.................›--- 
No estimates for Rook 34 
outcrop part of 
ToD and TcE. 
*Tellico: TeD, TeE, TeF, EI 314-5 0-8 .| CL-ML, CL ል-4.- - |.........፡..== 
ToD3, ToE3, TS. 8-44 | Clay loam.... CL, MH ጴ-6, ጴ-7 LL 
For Dewey part of TS, 44 | Sandstone. 
see Dewey series. 
Gullied land part of TS 
is too variable to rate. 
Transylvania: Ty................. >5 >6 0-70 | Loam or silt logm.............. CL-ML, ML, CL A-4  .0 .: |-- ጨጨ 
Unicoi: | ህርጀ..........................--- >6 1-2 0-16 | Cobbly 108፻8....................=--| SM-SC, SM, GM, A-2 30-50 
GM-GC 
16 | Sandstone. 
Wallen; "WaF....................... 26 2-316 0-6 Gravelly fine sandy loam.. EM ATD SC A-4, A-2 2-10 
6-32 | Gravelly loam or gravelly | GM, GM-GC, GC ጴ-3, A-4, 15-30 
sandy loam. A-1 
32 | Sandstone. 
Waynesboro; WbB, WbC, >6 >6 0-16 ML, CL-ML A-4 0-2 
bD, WbE, WnC3, 16-24 | CL, A-4, A-6 0-3 
WnD3. 24-60 .| CL, ML, MH A-7, A-6 0-3 
Whitwell: Wt... 2-3 >6 0-10 -| CL-ML A-4 1-3. 
10-20 CL A-6, A-4 1-3 
20-41 ML, CL, CL-ML A-4 1-9 
41-80 ML. SM, CL-ML, A-4 0-10 
ee 


1NP = nonplastic, 


Monroe County, TENNESSEE 87 


engineering properties of the soil—Continued 


Percentage less than 3 inches passing sieve— 
Liquid Plasticity Perme- Available Reacti Shrink-swell 
No. 4 No. 10 No. 40 No. 200. limit index ability | water capacity eaction potential 
(4.7 mm) (2.0 mm) (0.42 mm) | (0.074 mm) 
EX Incheo Inches per 
per inch of 
Percent hour soil pH 

95-100 95-100 90-100 85-95 23-33 5-16 0.6-2.0 0.17-0.20 4.5-5.5 Low. 
85-100 80-100 75-100 70-95 43-74 20-35 0.2-0.6 0.15-0.18 4.5-5.5 | Moderate. 
75-90 65-80 60-75 55-70 20-30 3-9 0.6-2.0 0.17-0.20 4.5-5.5 | Low. 
70-90 60-80 55-70 50-65 24-30 6-12 0.6-2.0 0.15-0.18 4.5-5.5 Low. 
50-90 40-80 80-75 25-70 20-30 6-10 0.6-2.0 0.13-0.16 4.5-5.0 Low 
70-90 60-90 55-85 50-80 18-25 3-9 0.6-2.0 0.15-0.17 5.1-5.5 | Low. 
70-90 60-90 60-85 55-75 25-38 10-15 0.6-2.0 0.10-0.16 5.1-5.5 Low. 
50-90 45-85 35-80 30-70 20-35 8-15 0.6-2.0 0.10-0.15 5.1-5.5 Low 
50-70 45-60 35-50 25-40 15-30 2-10 0.6-6.0 0.06-0.11 4.5-5.5 | Low. 
95-100 90-100 70-95 55-85 20-35 4-18 0.6-2.0 0.18-0.22 5.6-7.3 Low. 
95-100 85-100 65-95 45-85 20-38 4-18 0.6-6.0 0.12-0.18 5.6-7.3 Low. 
95-100 90-100 80-100 55-75 15-25 4-12 0.6-2.0 0.17-0.22 5.1-6.0 Low. 
80-100 80-100 60-80 40-60 15-30 3-9 0.6-2.0 0.10-0.15 4.5-5.5 | Low. 
70-90 65-85 55-75 45-70 22-32 3-8 0.6-2.0 0.12-0.16 4.5-5.5 Low. 
35-65 30-60 25-50 20-45 22-32 3-8 0.6-2.0 0.05-0.10 4.5-5.5 Low. 
95-100 95-100 90-100 70-100 25-45 5-15 0.6-2.0 0.12-0.18 5.1-5.5 Moderate. 

| 95-100 95-100 90-100 80-100 45-80 12-45 0.2-0.6 0.10-0.14 5.1-5.6 Moderate. 
95-100 90-100 80-100 55-65 23-30 7-10 0.6-2.0 0.15-0.17 4.5-5.5 Low. 
95-100 80-100 75-100 70-15 36-55 15-20 0.6-2.0 0.15-0.17 4.5-5.5 Low. 

100 95-100 85-95 55-75 15-25 3-9 0.6-2.0 0.18-0.22 5.1-6.0 Low. 
60-75 40-65 30-50 20-35 15-25 3-6 2.0-6.0 0.07-0.11 4.5-5.5 Low. 
70-85 65-80 45-70 30-55 20-30 3-7 2.0-6.0 0.07-0.12 4.5-5.5 Low. 
35-65 30—60 20-55 15-40 20-80 8-9 2.0-6.0 0.07-0.12 4.5-5.5 | Low. 
95-100 90-05 70-95 55-70 16-25 3-7 0.6-2.0 0.17-0.20 4.5-5.5 Low. 
95-100 80-100 75-95 55-75 30-40 7-16 0.6-2.0 0.16-0.19 4.5-5.5 Low. 
95-100 90-100 75-95 60-80 38-68 11-28 0.6-2.0 0.14-0.17 4.5-5.5 | Moderate. 
90-100 80-95 65-85 60-80 20-30 3-10 0.6-2.0 0.17-0.20 5.1-5.5 | Low. 
90-100 80-95 70-85 65-80 25-35 7-15 0.6-2.0 0.16-0.20 5.1-5.5 | Low. 
85-05 80-90 65-85 60-75 15-25 8-9 0.6-2.0 0.15-0.19 5.1-5.5 Low. 
75-95 75-95 60-85 45-15 15-25 3-7 0.6-2.0 0.12-0.16 5.1-5.5 Low. 

mM MERECE ooo 


88 SOIL SURVEY 


TABLE 9.—lInterpretations 


[An asterisk in the first eius indicates that at least one mapping unit in the series is made up of two or more kinds of soil that 
series that appear 


Degree and kind of limitation for— 


Soil series and 
map symbols Septie tank Shallow Dwellings Sanitary Local roads 
absorption Sewage lagoons excavations without landfills and streets 
fields basements 
Slight...................... Moderate: Slight......................1 Slight. Moderate: too | Moderate: low 
slope; seepage. ciayey strength. 
፳ከፎከከ.................--.---- | Bevere: Slope......| ፳]1፳ከ................. ....---- Slight... Blight. ua .... -በ-.-..--- Moderate: low 
strength. 
Moderate: | Severe: slope...... Moderate: Moderate: Moderate Moderate: slope; 
slope. slope. 81056. 81099 low strength. 
Moderate: Severe: ፳00ሰ5.....| 8:፳ከኪ.....................---- Severe: floods... Moderate Severe: floods... 
floods. floods. : 
Allen: : 

Anus uec Slight... . ..------- Severe: 810ኾ6....... 8ቨደከኪ.................›››--- Slight. 81፳ከኪ.......--.... ....››....--›- Moderate: low 

strength. 

AD. a Severe: slope... Severe: slope...... Severe: slope.....| Severe: slope....| Moderate: Severe: slope..... 

slope. 
Altavista: Ae...) Severe: wetness.| Moderate: Moderate: Severe: floods...| Severe: wetness.| Moderate: low 
floods; seepage. wetness. strength; floods. 
Atkins: At.....................] Severe: floods; | Severe: floods; | Severe: wetness;| Severe: floods; | Severe: floods; | Severe: floods; 
wetness. seepage. floods. wetness. wetness. wetness. 
Beason: 88.............----.... Severe: peres Severe: floods... Severe: wetness.| Severe: wetness; | Severe: wetness;| Severe: floods..... 
slowly; floods. floods. floods. š 
Bland: BdD, BdE, Severe: depth Severe: depth Severe: depth Severe: slope....| Severe: depth Severe: depth 
BnE. to rock; peres to rock; slope. to rock; slope. to rock; slope. to rock; slope. 
Rock outcrop too slowly; slope. 
variable to rate. 
Brookshire: 8፻ጄ......... Severe: 810ህ6....... Severe: slope; Severe: slope....| Severe: 810ኦ6......| Severe: slope; Severe: slope...... 
seepage. depth to rock; 
seepage. 
Calvin: 

Cab). uu. usa Severe: depth Severe: depth Severe: depth Moderate: Severe: depth Moderate: slope; 
to rock" to rock; SE to rock. slope. to rock. depth to rock. 

Gab M Severe: depth Severe: depth Severe: depth Severe: slope...... Severe: depth Severe: slope...... 
to rock; slope. to rock; slope. to rock; slope. to rock; slope. 

Cataska: CcF............ Severe: slope; Severe: slope; Severe: slope; Severe: slope....| Severe: slope; Severe: slope; 

Rock outcrop too depth to rock; depth to rock. depth to rock. depth to rock. depth to rock. 

variable to rate. rock outerop. 
Chagrin: Co Severe: 80008.....| Severe: floods.....| Severe: floods......| Severe: floods... Severe: floods...| Severe: floods... 
Christian: 

Ch Moderate: Severe: slope... Moderate: too | Slight... Moderate: Moderate: low 
slope; peres clayey. depth to rock; strength. 
slowly. too clayey. 

ChD, CnD3...................| Severe: slope... Severe: slope......| Severe: slope... Severe: slope...... Moderate: Severe: slope... 

depth to rock; 
too clayey. 

Citieo; ር'ጄ................----- Severe: slope... Severe: slope...... Severe: slope...| Severe: slope... Severe: slope; Severe: slope...... 
depth to rock. 

Dandridge: 

Daf.) Severe: depth Severe: depth Severe; depth Severe: depth Severe: depth Severe: depth 
E rock; peres to rock; slope. to rock. to rock. to rock. to rock. 
slowly. 

DaE, Dat Severe: depth Sévere: depth Severe: depth Severe: depth Severe: depth | Severe: depth 
to rock; percs to rock; slope. to rock; slope. to rock; slope. to rock; slope. to rock; slope. 
slowly; slope. 


Monroe County, TENNESSEE 89 


of engineering properties 


may have different properties and limitations. It is therefore necessary to follow carefully the instructions for referring to other 


in the first column] 


Suitability as source of— 


Road fill 


Fair: low strength... 
Fair: 


Fair: 


low strength... 


low strength... 


Fair: low strength... 


Fair: low strength... 


Fair: slope; low 
strength. 


Fair: low strength... 


Poor: wetness............ 


Fair: low strength; 
wetness. 


Poor: low strength; 
depth to rock. 


Poor: 810ጅ6....------------ 

Poor: thin layer........ 

Poor: thin layer; 
slope. 

Poor: slope; thin 
layer. 

Fair: low strength... 

Fair: low strength... 

Fair: low strength; 
slope. 

Poor: 810ኾ6.....-.--------- 

Poor: thin layer; 


area reclaim. 


Poor: thin layer; 
area reclaim. 


Topsoil 
Fair: too clayey........ 
Fair: slope; too 
clayey. - 
Fair: slope; too 
clayey. 
Good. 
(:004.............. .......---------» 
Fair: slope........-....--- 
Fair: thin 18፻ሃ6፻......-- 
Poor: wetness...........- 
Fair: too clayey....... 
Poor: too clayey; 


thin layer; slope; 
area reclaim. 


Poor: slope; small 
stones, 


Poor: thin layer; 
small stones. 

Poor: thin layer; 
small stones; slope. 


Poor: slope; large 
stones. 

dad gine animate 

Poor: thin layer; 


too clayey. 


Poor: thin layer; 
too clayey; slope. 


Poor: slope; small 
stones. 


Poor: thin layer; 
too clayey; small 
stones. 

Poor: thin layer; 
too clayey; small 
stones. 


Pond 
reservoir 
areas 


Beepage.................... 
Seepage.................... 


Seepage...........-.------- 


Depth to rock; 
slope. 


Seepage; slope........ 


Seepage; depth 
to rock. 

Depth to rock; 
slope; seepage. 


Slope; depth to 
rock, 
Seepage.................... 


Seepage.................. 


Seepage...................- 


Slope; seepage........ 


Depth to rock.......... 


Depth to rock; 
slope. 


Soil features affecting— 


Embankments, 
dikes, and 
levees 


Compressible; low strength...... 
Compressible; low strength...... 


Compressible; low strength...... 


Low strength; compressible; 
depth to rock; thin layer. 


Seepage; thin layer; piping.....- 


Thin layer; piping; seepage...... 


Thin layer; seepage; piping...... 


Low strength; hard to pack...... 


Low strength; hard to pack...... 


Thin layer....... 


Thin Ioxer iiei 


Drainage of 
cropland and 
pasture 


Not needed.................. 
Not needed................. 
Not needed.........-....---- 


Not needed ................. 
Not needed...............--- 


Floods; wetness.......... 
Floods; wetness.......... 
Peres slowly; floods.... 


Not needed..........-..----- 


Not needed............------ 


Not needed..............--- 
Not needed..............---- 


Not needed.............--- 


Not needed.............-...- 
Not needed...............--. 


Not needed...............--- 


Not needed.............--- 


Not ከ66064.........--..------- 


Not needed..............---- 


Terraces 
and 
diversions 


Favorable. 
Slope. 
Slope. 


Not needed. 


Not needed. 
Not needed. 
Not needed. 


Slope; depth to 
rock; peres 
slowly. 


Slope. 


Slope: depth to 


rock, 
Slope; depth to 
rock. 


Slope; depth to 
rock, 
Not needed. 


Slope. 


Slope. 
Slope. 


Slope; depth to 
rock; peres 
slowly. 

Slope; depth to 
rock; peres 
slowly. 


90 


Soil series and 
map symbols 


Decatur: 
D 


DeC, 0963 


DeD2, DgD3............ 


Ditney: DhD, ወከኮ...... 


Dunmore: 
DmB.... 


SOIL SURVEY 


Degree and kind of limitation for— 


TABLE 9,—Interpretations 


Septic tank 
absorption 
fields 


Moderate: 
slope. 


Moderate: 
slope. 


Severe: slope; 
depth to rock. 


Moderate: 
slowly. 


peres 


Moderate: 
slowly. 


peres 


Moderate: 
slope; percs 
slowly. 


Severe: slope... 


Severe: floods; 
wetness. 


Moderate: 
floods, 


Fullerton: 


[jc 


Moderate: 
slope. 


Severe: 
slowly. 


peres 


Severe: peres 
slowly; slope. 


Moderate: 
depth to rock. 

Moderate: 
depth to rock; 
slope. 


Sewage lagoons 


4 Moderate: 


slope; seepage. 


Severe: slope...... 
Severe: slope...... 
Moderate: 

slope; seepage. 
Severe: slope...... 
Severe: slope... 
Severe: slope; 


depth to rock. 


Moderate: 

slope; seepage. 
Severe: slope... 
Severe: slope... 
Severe: slope... 
Severe: floods... 
Moderate: 

seepage. 
Moderate: 

Slope; seepage. 
Severe: slope...... 
Severe: slope... 
Severe:  810ኮ6...... 
Severe: slope. 
Severe: slope 
Severe: slope. 
Severe: 810ኾ6....... 


.| Severe: 


.| Moderate: 


Shallow 
excavations 
Moderate: too 
clayey. 
Moderate: too 
clayey. 
Moderate: too 
clayey. 
Moderate: too 
clayey. 
Moderate: too 
clayey. 
Moderate: too 
clayey. 
Severe: slope; 


depth to rock. 


Moderate: too 
clayey. 
Moderate: too 
clayey. 
Moderate: too 
clayey. 
Severe: slope... 
Severe: floods; 
too clayey. 
811፪ከኪ.....................---- 


Moderate: 
slope. 


Severe: too 


clayey. 


slope; 
too clayey. 


.| Moderate: 


depth to rock. 
slope; 
. depth to rock. 


Moderate: too 
clayey; small 


stones. 


Dwellings 
without 
basements 


slope. 


Moderate: 
slope. 


Severe: slope... 


Moderate: 
shrink-swell; 
low strength. 

Moderate: 
shrink-swell; 
low strength. 

Moderate: slope; 
shrink-swell; 
low strength. 

Severe: slope..... 


Severe: floods; 
wetness. 


Severe: floods... 


Moderate: 
slope. 


Moderate: low 
strength; 
shrink-swell. 

Moderate: 
shrink-swell; 
low strength. 


Moderate: 
slope. 


slope; 


Sanitary 
landfills 


Moderate: 
clayey. 

Moderate: 
clayey. 

Moderate: too 
clayey; slope. 


too 


too 


Moderate: too 
clayey. 

Moderate: too 
clayey. 

Moderate: too 


clayey; slope. 


Severe: slope; 
depth to rock. 


Severe: too 


clayey. 
Severe: too 

clayey. 
Severe: too 
elayey. 


Severe: slope; 
too clayey. 


Severe: floods; 
wetness. 


Moderate: 


seepage; floods. 


Moderate: 
slope. 


Severe: too 
clayey; depth 
to rock. 

Severe: too 
clayey; depth 
to rock. 


Severe: depth 
to rock. 

Severe: depth 
to rock. 


Moderate: 
clayey. 


too 


Local roads 
and streets 


Moderate: 
strength. 

Moderate: 
strength. 

Moderate: 
strength. 


Moderate: 
strength. 

Moderate: 
strength. 

Moderate: slope; 
low strength. 


low 


low 


Severe: ` slope 


Moderate: 
strength; 
shrink-swell. 

Moderate: low 
strength; 
shrink-swell. 

Moderate: low 
strength; slope; 
shrink-swell, 

Severe: 810ሠ6....... 


low 


Severe: floods; 
wetness; low 
strength. 


Moderate: low 
strength; floods. 


Moderate: 
strength, 

Moderate: 
strength. 

Moderate: low 
strength; slope. 


low 


low 


Severe: low 
strength. 


Severe: low 
strength. 


Moderate: 
strength. 

Moderate: slope; 
low strength. 


low 


Moderate: slope; 
low strength. 


of engineering properties—Continued 


Suitability as source of— 


Monroe County, TENNESSEE 


Soil features affecting— 


91 


Road fill 


Topsoil 


Fair: low strength... 
Fair: 


Fair: low strength... 


Fair: low strength... 


Fair: low strength... 


Fair: low strength... 


Poor: slope; thin 
layer. 


Fair: low strength; 
shrink-swell. 


Fair: low strength... 


Fair: low strength... 


Poor: slope........-...---- 


Poor: low strength; 
wetness. 


Fair: low strength... 


Fair: low strength... 
Fair: low strength... 
Fair: low strength... 


Poor: low strength... 


Poor: low strength... 


Fair: low strength... 


Fair: low strength... 


Fair: low strength... 


low strength... 


Fair: too clayey; 
thin layer. 

Fair: too clayey; 
thin layer. 

Poor: too clayey; 
slope. 


Fair: too clayey; 
thin layer. 

Fair: too clayey; 
thin layer; slope. 

Poor: too clayey; 
slope; thin layer. 


Poor: slope; area 
reclaim. 
Poor: too clayey; 


thin layer. 


Poor: too clayey; 
thin layer. 


Poor: too clayey; 
thin layer. 


Poor: too clayey; 
slope; thin layer. 


Poor: too clayey; 
wetness. 

[enn secon ees 
Good 
Good 
Fair: slope 

Poor: too clayey...... 
Poor: too clayey...... 
Good. 
Fair: sdope 
Poor: small stones... 


Pond 
reservoir 
areas 


Seepage........--....-----+ 
Seepage. 


Seepage.................... 


Beepage 
Beepage 


Beengge --------+ 


Slope; depth to 
rock; seepage. 


Seepage............——. 
8669886...---------------- 
Seepage.............-..---- 
Seepage; slope........ 


Favorable................ 


Beepgge 
Seepage.................... 


.| Beengge 


TFavorable................ 

Tavorable................ 

Seepage; depth 
to rock. 


Seepage; depth 
to rock. 


ጸ66ኮ88ደ6..--------------›-- 


Embankments, 
dikes, and 
levees 


Compressible; low strength...... 


Compressible; low strength...... 


Seepage; thin layer; piping...... 


Compressible; 


low strength; 
‘hard to pack. 


Compressible; low strength; 
hard to pack. 


Compressible; low strength; 
hard to pack. 


Compressible; low strength; 
hard to pack. 


Compressible; hard to pack; 
low strength. 


Compressible; piping................- 


Compressible er 
Compressaible 1... ..... 


Compressible................... 1... ..... 


Compressible; low strength; 
hard to pack. 


Compressible; low strength; 
hard to pack. 


Piping; erodes easily.................. 


Piping; erodes easily..............---- 


Compressible; low strength; 
hard to pack. 


Compressible; low strength...... 
Compressible; low strength...... 


Compressible; low strength...... 


Compressible; low strength...... 


Not needed.................. 


Drainage of Terraces 
cropland and and 
pasture diversions 
Not needed.................. Favorable, 
Not needed...............--- Slope. 
Not needed.................. Slope. 
Not needed ---- Favorable. 
Not needed..............-.| Slope. 
Not neede Slope. 


Not needed.................| Slope; depth to 


rock. 


Not needed................-- Favorable. 


Not needed.................. Slope. 


Not needed................-- Slope. 


Not needed.............----- Slope. 


Floods; peres slowly; | Not needed. 


wetness. 


Not needed..................| Not needed. 


Not needed.............---- Favorable. 
Not needed.................. 
Not neede 


Favorable. 


Slope. 


Not ከ66(164........... ...------- Slope. 


Not needed.................. Slope. 


Not needed.................. Slope. 


Slope. 


Not needed..............---- Slope. 


92 


SOIL SURVEY 


TABLE 9.—JInterpretations 


Soil series and 


map symbols Septic tank 
absorption 
fields 
Fullerton cont.: 
FtD eed Moderate: 
slope. 
FIE eost ; Severe: slope... 
Gladeville: GdD............ Severe: peres 
Rock outcrop too slowly; depth 
variable to rate. to rock. 
Greendale: Or. Moderate: 

; floods. 
Hamblen: |18...............---- Severe: floods... 
Hartsells: HeC.............. Severe: depth 

to rock. 
Holston: Hot. Slight. 
Jefferson: 

BO eo te Slight................. 
ህፀእ...........-----------›------------ Severe: 810ቹ6...... 
de geseet Severe: slope... 
T jp e —— Severe: slope; 

small stones. 

A AT Severe; slope; 


small stones. 


Jeffrey: JyD, JyF.......... Severe: slope; 


depth to rock. 


Leadvale: LeB.........| Severe: peres 
slowly. 

Linker: LkC.................... Severe: depth 
to rock. 

*Litz: 

. LtC... Severe: depth 


to rock; peres 


slowly. 
LtD, LtD3, LtE, LN "1 Severe: depth 
For Sequoia part of to rock; peres 


LY, see SgD3 slowly. 
under Sequoia 
series. Gullied 
land part is not 
rated. 
Lobdell: ዚጄ............. ...-------- Severe: floods... 
Minvale: 
MiB ss Sekt — 
Mm eee 81ደከዬ.......... ...... ..-......- 
Montevallo: Mrt .......... Severe: depth 


to rock; slope. 


Degree and kind of limitation for— 


Shallow Dwellings Sanitary Local roads 
Sewage lagoons excavations without landfills and streets 
basements 
Severe: slope... Moderate: too | Moderate: Moderate: too | Severe: slope...... 
clayey; slope; slope. clayey; slope. 
small stones. 
Severe: slope... Severe: slope..... Severe: slope....| Severe: slope......| Severe: slope 
Severe: depth Severe: too Severe: depth Severe: depth Severe: low 
to rock. clayey; depth to rock; low to rock. Strength; depth 
to rock. strength. to rock. 
Moderate: Slight... | Severe: floods...| Moderate: Moderate: 
seepage. seepage; floods. floods; low 
strength. 
Severe: floods... Severe: 80008.....| Severe: floods... Severe: floods...| Severe: floods... 
Severe: slope; Severe: depth Moderate: Severe: depth Moderate: 
depth to rock. to rock. depth to rock. to rock. depth to rock. 
. Severe: slope......} Slight. Slight... . ...---›----- 81፳ከኪ............. . ....››.....- Moderate: olw 
Strength. 
Severe: slope; Bilght: oe Slight... Severe: seepage.| Moderate: low 
seepage, strength, 
Severe: slope; Severe: slope....| Severe: slope...| Severe: seepage.| Severe: slope...... 
seepage. 
Severe: slope; Severe: slope....| Severe: slope......| Severe: slope; Severe: slope... 
seepage. seepage. 
Severe: slope; Severe: slope...... Severe: slope....| Severe: seepage... Severe: slope... 
seepage. 
Severe: slope; Severe: slope....| Severe: slope....| Severe: slope; Severe: slope 
seepage. seepage. 
Severe: slope; Severe: slope; Severe: slope....| Severe: slope; Severe: slope... 
depth to rock. depth to rock. depth to rock. 
Moderate: Moderate: ፳118ከዬ..........  ...... -----›--. Moderate: wet- | Moderate: low 
slope. wetness. ness; too clayey. strength. 
Severe: depth Severe: depth Moderate: Severe: depth Moderate: 
to rock; slope. to rock. depth to rock. to rock. depth to rock; 
low strength. 
Severe: depth Severe: depth Moderate: Severe: depth Moderate: 
to rock; slope. to rock. depth to rock. to rock. depth to rock; 
low strength. 
Severe: depth Severe: slope; Severe: slope....| Severe: depth Severe: slope... 
to rock; slope. depth to rock. to rock. 
Severe: floods....| Severe: floods...| Severe: floods...| Severe: floods... Severe: floods... 
Moderate: Moderate: low 
slope. strength. 
Severe: slope......| Slight Slight... Slight...................... Moderate: low 
strength. 
Severe: depth Severe: depth Bevere: depth Severe: depth Severe: slope...... 
to rock; slope. to rock; slope. to rock; slope. to rock. 


Monroe County, TENNESSEE 


of engineering properties—Continued 


Road fill 


Fair: slope; low 
strength. 


Poor: slope..............-- 


Poor: thin layer; 
low strength. 


Fair: low strength... 


Fair: low strength... 


Poor: thin layer........ 


Fair: low strength... 


Fair: 


Fair: 


low strength... 

low strength... 

Poor: 

Fair: 

Poor: 

Poor: slope; thin 
layer. 


Fair: low strength... 


Poor: thin layer........ 


Poor: thin layer; 
area reclaim. 


Poor: thin layer; 
area reclaim. 


Fair: low strength... 


Fair: 


Fair: 


low strength... 


low strength... 


Poor: thin layer........ 


.| Poor: 


Suitability as source ofÉ— 


Topsoil 


Poor: small stones... 

Poor: small stones; 
slope. 

Poor: too clayey; 


thin layer. 


Fair: thin layer; 
area reclaim. 


Fair: smaut stones... 


Poor: slope............... 


Poor: slope... 


small stones; 


slope. 
Poor: small stones; 
slope. 


Poor: slope; small 
stones. 


Fair: thin layer; 
area reclaim. 


Fair: thin layer; 
area reclaim, 


Poor: thin layer....... 


Poor: 
slope. 


thin layer; 


Good........ 


Fair: thin layer; 
small stones. 
Fair: thin layer; 
small stones. 


Poor: slope; small 
stones; thin layer. 


93 


Soil features affecting— 


Pond 
reservoir 
&reas 


Seepage.................... 
Seepage; slope........ 


Depth to rock.......... 


Beenage. 


Depth to rock; 
seepage. 


Seepage.................--- 
Seepage.................... 
Seepage; slope........ 
Beepage.................... 


Seepage; slope........ 
Seepage; slope........ 


Favorable; area 
reclaim. 


Depth to rock; 
slope. 


Depth to rock; 
slope. 


866ሀ6ደ6....-.›------›-.. ------ 


Seepage.................... 


B8eepage............... 


Depth to rock; 
seepage. 


Embankments, 
dikes, and 
levees 


Compressible; low strength; 
hard to pack. 


Compressible; low strength; 
hard to pack. 


Thin layer... 


Piping; compressible.................- 


Piping; compressible.................. 


Compressible; piping; seepage.. 


Compressible; piping..... 


Compressible; piping............-..--- 
Compressible; piping................-- 


Compressible; piping..---------------- 


Piping; compressible... 


Piping; compressible.................. 
Piping; compressible.................. 
Piping). ምንው ኸት 


Compressible; thin layer; 
piping. 


Thin Jay ere ን eens 


Thin layer... sess 


Compressible; piping; low 
strength. 


Compressible; piping.................. 


Piping; compressible................. 


Thin layer............... ecce 


Drainage of Terraces 
cropland and and 
pasture diversions 
Not needed.................. Slope. 
Not needed...............--- Slope. 
Not ከ66በ64.................... Depth to rock. 
Not needed Not needed. 
Floods..................... Not needed. 
Not ከፀ6በ6ሰ................---- Slope. 
Not need Slope. 
Not needed.................. Slope. 
Not needed.................. Slope. 
Not needed................. Slope. 
4 Not በ6664..................... Slope. 
Not needed..................| Slope. 


Not needed.................. Slope. 


Peres slowly................ Favorable. 


Not needed.................. Depth to rock. 


Not needed........... ......- Depth to rock; 


slope. 


Not needed...............--- Depth to rock; 


slope. 


፻10008.............. .--..... . ..----- Not needed. 


Not needed.................. Favorable. 


Not ከ660በ66...................-. Slope. 


Not needed.................. Slope; depth to 


rock. 


94 SOIL SURVEY 


TABLE 9.—Interpretations 


Degree and kind of limitation for— 


Soil series and 


—— AA — M 


map symbols Septic tank Shallow Dwellings Sanitary Local roads 
absorption Sewage lagoons excavations without landfills and streets 
fields basements 
Neubert: Ne Moderate: Moderate: Moderate: Severe: floods....| Moderate: Severe: floods...... 
floods. floods; slope; floods, floods. 
seepage. 
Newark: Nk. Severe: floods; | Severe: floods; | Severe: floods; | Severe: floods....| Severe: floods; | Severe: floods... 
wetness. wetness. wetness. wetness. 
Philo? Bh. Severe: floods... Severe: floods; | Severe: floods...| Severe: floods....| Severe: floods; | Severe: floods... 
seepage. wetness, 
Pope: Po... Severe: floods. .| Severe: floods; | Severe: floods...| Severe: floods... Severe: floods...... Severe: floods...... 
seepage. 
Purdy: Pu... Severe: peres Severe: floods....... Severe: wetness;| Severe: wetness;| Severe: wetness;| Severe: wetness; 
slowly; floods; floods; too floods. floods. floods. 
wetness, | clayey. 
Ramsey: Rat Severe: depth Severe: depth Severe: depth Severe: depth Severe: depth Severe: slope; 


Rock outcrop too 
variable to rate. 


to rock; slope. 


to rock; slope. 


to rock; slope. 


to rock; slope. 


to rock; seep- 
age. 


depth to rock. 


Ranger: RgD, RgF...... Severe: depth Severe: depth Severe: slope; Severe: 810ህ6......| Severe: depth Severe: slope; 
to rock; slope. to rock; slope. depth to rock. to rock; seep- low strength. 
age. 
Sequatchie: : 
Sa, nonflooded.............. Slight.....................1 Moderate: 8][8ከቢ.....................---| 8፳ከ....................... Moderate: Moderate: low 
8665886. seepage. strength. 
Sa, flooded.................... Moderate: Moderate: Severe: floods.... Moderate: Moderate: low 
floods, seepage. floods; seepage. strength, 
Sequoia: 
T e ERE Severe: percs Moderate: Severe: too Moderate: low | Severe: depth Severe; low 
slowly. slope. clayey. strength. E rock; too strength. 
clayey. 
SeC2, 8003.................... Severe: peres Severe: slope... Severe: too Moderate: low | Severe: depth Severe: low 
slowly. clayey. strength. to rock; too strength, 
clayey. 
SeD2, 5903.................... Severe: peres Severe: slope...| Severe: too Moderate: Severe: depth Severe: low 
slowly. clayey slope; low to rock; too strength. 
strength. clayey. 
Shelocta 
SHG cen os u u 212 Slight... a... Severe: slope Moderate: low 
strength. 
ShD. .| Moderate: Severe: slope...... Moderate: Moderate: Moderate: Moderate: slope; 
slope. slope. slope. slope. low strength. 
Shouns: 8በሸ3...................... Severe: slope... Severe:  81086...... Severe: 81056......| Severe: slope... ቬ Severe: slope... 
slope. 
Spivey: SpF...........| Severe: slope...| Severe: slope...| Severe: slope; Severe: slope... Severe: slope; Severe: slope..... 
small stones. small stones. 
Staser: Ba Severe: floods...| Severe: floods... Severe: fRoods.... Severe: floods...| Severe: floods....] Severe: floods 
Statler: ፳፻.......................... Severe: floods...| Severe: floods...| Severe: floods... Severe: floods...) Severe: floods...| Severe: floods 
Steekee: 8ህጆ.................... Severe: slope; Severe: depth Severe: depth Severe: slope....| Severe: depth Severe: slope 
depth to rock. to rock; slope. to rock; slope. to rock; slope. 
Syleo: Gw...) Severe: slope; Severe: slope; Severe: slope; Severe: slope....| Severe: slope; Severe: slope... 
depth to rock. depth to rock. depth to rock. depth to rock. 
Talbott: 
TaC2, TaD2, TbC3, Severe: depth Severe: depth Severe: depth Moderate: Severe: depth Severe: low 
TbD3, ፐ60. to rock; peres to rock; slope. to rock; too shrink-swell; to rock; too strength. 
slowly. clayey. low strength; clayey. 


slope. 


MONROE County, TENNESSEE 95 


of engineering properties—Continued. 


Suitability aa source of— Soil features affecting— 


MEN M I,ŠI9ŠI TIIIIçIXAIAIAIIAII XIIIAII IIAIZIIŠIIIIAIIAIIAIIAII 


Pond Embankmente, Drainage of Terraces 
Road fill reservoir dikea, and cropland and and 
areas levees pasture diversions 
Fair: low strength... el Seepage....................| Piping; compreasible.............-.. Not needad................] Not needed, 
Fair: low strength; el Seepage....................1 Piping; low strength; com- ፻1ዕ048...--..................-›---| Not needed. 
wetness, pressible, 
Fair: low Strength nee E: LT M Compressible; piping.........—| Floods- v...) Not needed. 


Fair: low strength... (399ብ................-----›-›--|. 869ኮ885.›--------›-------| Piping; compressible... Not needed.................| Not needed. 


Compressible; hard to pack; 
low strength. 


Poor: wetness; low | Poor: wetness......| Favorable............... Floods; peres ዩ10817..| Not needed. 


strength. 


Poor: slope: thin Poor: slope; small | Seepage; depth Thin layer; piping...................... 
to rock. 


Not needed..................]| Slope; depth to 
layer. stones. rock. 


Poor: slope; thin Poor: small stones; | Depth to rock; 
layer. slope. ope. 


Thin layer... |. Mot needed..............| Slope. 


4 Not needed... Not needed. 
Not needed................| Not needed. 


Fair: low strength... Good. .....›-.›--›-.--›--| Seepage.. | Piping... eee 


Fait: low strength... Good... 566)88ጅ.-›--......›..›.----ፅ| Piping................ asa 


Poor; lewstrength..| Poor: thin layer; Favorable..............| Compressible; low strength...... Not needed................ Favorable, 


too clayey. 


Poor: low strength... Poor: too clayey; | Favorahla.........J Compressible; low strength...... Not 866164... ..............---| Slope. 


thin layer. 


Poor: low strength... Poor; too clayey; Blope...................1 Compressible; low strength... Not needed.......... e Slope. 


slope; thin Iayer. 


Fair: low strength...) Fair: smallstones..| Seepage...............| Compressible; piping..............| Not needed..................] Slope. 


Fair: low strength... Fair: slope; small | Seepage.............— 
stones. 


Compressible; seepage....._........ Not needed..................1 Slope. 


Fair: low strength... Poor: slope..............| Seepage...) Compressible; piping... Not neaded...............-| Stope. 


Poor: Btope..........] Poor: slope; small | Seepage; slope.......| Piping............. enses Not ከደርዛ]6]...............----| Slope. 
Fair: low atrength...|. Good... „a| Beepage.......—.——.| Compressible; piping... Not neded, Not needed. 
Fair: low strength...) Good... df 5669ጻ፳#.----..›--››››---›››› Compressible; piping................| Not needed... Not needed. 


Poor: slope; thin Poor: slope; small | Depth to rock; Not needed.................] Slope. 


Piping; compressible; thin 
layer. stones. ope. 


ayer. 


Poor: slope; thin Poor: slope; small | Seepage; slope; Thin layer; piping.................... Not needed...............| Slope, 
layer. stones. depth to rock. 
Poor: low strength..| Poor: thin layer; Depth to rock... Unstable fill; thin layer; Not needed...............-. Slope; depth to 
too clayey; area hard to pack, rock. 


reclaim. 


96 


SOIL SURVEY 


TABLE 9.—Interpretations 


Degree and kind of limitation for— 
Soil series and 
map symbols Septic tank Shallow Dwellings Sanitary Local roads 
absorption Sewage lagoons excavations without landfills and streets 
fields basements 
Talbott 
TOES ets Severe: depth Severe: depth Severe: depth Severe: slope... Severe: depth Severe: low 
Rock outerop part to rock; percs to rock; slope. to rock; slope; to rock; too strength; slope. 
of ToD and TcE slowly; slope. too clayey. clayey; slope. 
too variable to 
rate. 
*Tellico: 
TeD, ToD3................. Moderate: slope; Severe: slope....| Moderate: slope; Moderate: slope; Severe: depth Severe: low 
depth to rock. depth to rock. low strength. to rock. strength. 
TeE, TeF, ToE3, ፐኳ....| Severe: slope...| Severe: slope... Severe: slope... Severe: slope...... Severe: slope; Severe: low 
For Dewey part of | depth to rock. ‘strength. 
TS, see DgD3 
under Dewey 
series. Gullied 
land part is not 
rated. 
Transylvania: Ty... Severe: floods....| Severe: floods...| Severe: . floods...... Severe: floods...| Severe: floods...| Severe: floods... 
Unieoi: ህርጆሾ..............--------- Severe: slope; Severe: depth Severe: depth Severe: depth Severe: depth Severe: depth 
depth to rock. to rock; slope. to rock; slope. to rock; slope. to rock; slope. to rock; slope. 
Wallen: Wat. Severe: depth Severe: depth Severe: depth Severe: slope... Severe: depth Severe: slope... 
to rock; slope. to rock; slope; to rock; slope. to rock; slope; 
seepage. seepage. 
Waynesboro: 
WB ዎች መማ ae Slight .| Moderate: Eliette? Moderate: low | Slight. .| Moderate: low 
slope; seepage. strength. strength. 
WoC, ነላ/በር ................. Slight... Severe: slope.....| 8ቨፎከዬ........................ Moderate: low | Slight... Moderate: slope; 
strength. low strength. 
WbD, WnD3................ Moderate: Severe:  8108ኮ6......| Moderate: Moderate: slope; Moderate: Moderate: slope; 
slope. slope. low strength. slope. low strength. 
ME asas sassa Severe: slope...... Severe: slope....| Severe: slope... Severe; slope....| Severe: slope...| Severe: slope...... 
Whitwell: 
Wt, flooded.................... Severe: wetness;| Severe: wetness; Severe: floods...| Severe: floods... Severe: wetness; | Severe: floods... 
floods. floods. flo ods. 
Wt, nonflooded............| Severe: wetness..| Severe: wetness.| Moderate: Moderate: Severe: wetness..| Moderate: low 
wetness. wetness. strength. 


soils, and on experience with the same kinds of soil 
in other counties. Following are explanations of some 
of the columns in table 8. 

Depth to seasonal high water table is the distance 
from the surface of the soil to the highest level that 
ground water reaches in most years. 

Depth to rock is the distance from the surface of 
the soil to the upper surface of the rock layer. 

Soil texture is described in table 8- in the standard 
terms used by the Department of Agriculture. These 
terms take into account relative percentages of sand, 
silt, and clay in soil material that is less than 2 milli- 
meters in diameter. "Loam," for example, is soil ma- 
terial that is 7 to 27 percent clay, 28 to 50 percent silt, 
and less than 52 percent sand. If the soil contains 
gravel or other particles coarser than sand, an ap- 
propriate modifier is added; for example, “gravelly 
loamy sand." “Sand,” “silt,” and “clay” are some of the 
other terms that are used in USDA textural classifica- 
tion and are defined in the Glossary. 


Liquid limit and plasticity index indicate the effect 
of water on the strength and consistence of soil ma- 
terial. As the moisture content of a clayey soil is in- 
creased from a dry state, the material changes from 
semisolid to plastic. If the moisture content is further 
increased, the material changes from plastic to liquid. 
The plastic limit is the moisture content at which the 
soil material changes from a semisolid to plastic, and 
the liquid limit from plastic to liquid. The plasticity 
index is the numerical difference between the liquid 
limit and the plastic limit. 

Permeability is the quality that enables a soil to 
transmit water or air. It is estimated on the basis of 
soil characteristics observed in the field, particularly 
structure and texture. The estimates in table 8 do not 
take into account lateral seepage or such transient soil 
features as plowpans and surface crusts. 

Available water capacity is the ability of soils to 
hold water for use by most plants. It is commonly de- 
fined as the difference between the amount of water in 


MONROE County, TENNESSEE 97 


of engineering properties—Continued 


Suitability as source of— 


Soil features affecting— 


Pond Embankments, Drainage of Terraces 
Road fill Topsoil reservoir dikes, and cropland and and 
areas levees pasture diversions 
Poor: low strength; | Poor: thin layer; Depth to rock; Unstable fill; thin layer; Not ከ66066...................-- Slope; depth to 
slope. too clayey; area slope. hard to pack. rock, 
reclaim. ! 
Poor: low strength... ms slope; thin 866ዐ88፳6.......... . .....------ Compressible; unstable fill........ Not needed. 
ayer. 
Poor: low strength; | Poor: slope............... Slope; seepage........| Compressible; unstable fill........ Not needed. 
slope. 
Fair: low strength... Good... Seepage..................-.| Compressible; seepage; piping. Not needed.................- Not needed. 
Poor: slope; thin Poor: slope; small | Seepage; depth to | Seepage; piping; thin layer....... Not needed.................. Slope; depth to 
layer. stones. rock; siope. rock. 
Poor: slope; thin Poor: slope; small | Seepage; depth to | Seepage; piping; thin layer...... Not needed.................. Slope; depth to 
layer. stones. rock; slope. rock. 
Fair: low strength... Fair: thin layer........ Beepage..................... Compressible; hard to paek...... Not needed.................. Favorable. 
Fair: low strength... Fair: thin 18ሃ6፻......... Seepage..................... Compressible; hard to pack...... Not needed... Slope. 
Fair: low strength; | Poor:  slope.............. 866ሀ8ደ6....--------.---------| Compressible; hard to pack. Not needed.................. Slope. 
slope. 
Poor: slope............... Poor: slope............. Seepage; slope.......| Compressible........................| Not needed... ........-- Slope. 
Fair: low Strength, | Seepage............-.| Dinge ቹ1008.......... ..---------------- Not needed. 
Fair: low Strength Beengge Piping eee bees Favorable..............-.---- Not needed. 


the soil at field capacity and the amount at the wilting 
point of most crops. 

Reaction is the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a 
soil, expressed in pH values. Terms used to describe 
soil reaction are explained in the Glossary. 

Shrink-swell potential is the relative change in vol- 
ume to be expected of soil material with changes in 
moisture content, that is, the extent to which the soil 
shrinks when dry or swells when wet. The extent of 
shrinking and swelling is influenced by the amount and 
kind of clay in the soil. Shrinking and swelling of soils 
cause much damage to building foundations, roads, and 
other structures. A high shrink-swell potential indi- 
cates a hazard to maintenance of structures built in, 
on, or with material having this rating. 


Engineering interpretations 


The interpretations in table 9 are based on the en- 
gineering properties of soils in table 8 and on the 
experience of engineers and soil scientists with the soils 


in Monroe County. In table 9, ratings are used to 
summarize the limitation or suitability of the soils for 
all listed purposes except drainage of cropland and 
pasture, ponds and reservoirs, embankments, and ter- 
races and diversions. For these particular uses, table 
9 lists those features not to be overlooked in design, 
installation, and maintenance. . 

Soil limitations are expressed as slight, moderate, 
and severe. Slight means that soil properties are gen- 
erally favorable for the rated use or in other words, 
that limitations are minor and easily overcome or modi- 
fied by special planning and design. Moderate means 
that limitations can normally be overcome by good 
planning, careful design, and good management. Severe 
means that soil properties are so unfavorable and so 
diffieult to correct or overcome that major soil reclama- 
tion, special designs, or intensive maintenance is re- 
quired. 

Soil suitability is expressed as good, fair, and poor, 
which have, respectively, meanings approximately par- 


08 SOIL SURVEY 


allel to the terms slight, moderate, and severe. 

Following are explanations of some of the columns 
in table 9. 

Septic tank absorption fields are subsurface systems 
of tile or perforated pipe that distribute effluent from a 
septic tank into natural soil. The soil material between 
depths of 18 inches and 6 feet is evaluated. The soil 
properties considered are those that affect both ab- 
sorption of effluent and construction and operation of 
the system. Properties that affect absorption are per- 
meability, depth to water table or rock, and suscepti- 
bility to flooding. Slope is a soil property that affects 
layout and construction and increases the risk of soil 
erosion, lateral seepage, and downslope flow of effluent. 
Large rocks or boulders increase construction costs. 

Sewage lagoons are shallow ponds constructed to 
hold sewage within a depth of 2 to 5 feet long enough 
for bacteria to decompose the soils. A lagoon has & 
nearly level floor and sides, or embankments, of com- 
pacted soil material. The assumption is made that the 
embankment is compacted to medium density and the 
pond is protected from flooding. Properties are con- 
sidered that affect the pond floor and the embankment. 
Those that affect the pond floor are permeability, or- 
ganic matter, and slope. If the floor needs to be leveled, 
depth to bedrock becomes important. Properties that 
affect the embankment are the engineering properties 
of the embankment material, as interpreted from the 
Unified soil classification system, and the amount of 
stones, if any, that influence the ease of excavation and 
compaction of the embankment material. 

Shallow excavations are those that require digging 
or trenching to a depth of less than 6 feet, for example, 
excavations for pipelines, sewerlines, phone and power 
transmission lines, basements, and open ditches. De- 
sirable soil properties are good workability, moderate 
resistance to sloughing, gentle slopes, no rock outerops 
or big stones, and no flooding or high water table. 

Dwellings without basements, as rated in table 9, 
are no more than three stories high and are supported 
by foundation footings placed in undisturbed soil. Fea- 
tures that affect the rating of a soil for dwellings are 
those that relate to capacity to support load and resist 
settlement under load, and those that relate to ease 
of excavation. Soil properties that affect capacity to 
support load are wetness, susceptibility to flooding, 
density, plasticity, texture, and shrink-swell potential. 
Those that affect excavation are wetness, slope, depth 
to bedrock, and content of stones and rocks. _ 

Sanitary landfill is a method of disposing of refuse 
in dug trenches. The waste is spread in thin layers, 
eompacted, and covered with soil throughout the dis- 
posal period. Landfill areas are subject to heavy ve- 
hicular traffic. Some soil properties that affect suit- 
ability for landfill are ease of excavation, hazard of 
polluting ground water, and trafficability. The best 
soils have moderately slow permeability, withstand 
heavy traffic, are friable, and are easy to excavate. Un- 
less otherwise stated, the ratings in table 9 apply only 
to a depth of about 6 feet. Limitation ratings of slight 
or moderate therefore may not be valid if trenches are 
to be much deeper. For some soils, reliable predictions 


can be made to a depth of 10 to 16 feet, but onsite 
investigation is needed. 

Local roads and streets, as rated in table 9, have 
an all weather surface expected to carry automobile 
traffic all year. They have a subgrade of underlying 
Soil material; a base consisting of gravel, crushed rock, 
or soil material stabilized with lime or cement; and 6 
flexible or rigid surface, commonly asphalt or concrete. 
These roads are graded to shed water and have ordi- 
nary provisions for drainage. They are built mainly 
from soil at hand. Most cuts and fills are less than 6 
feet deep. 

Soil properties that most affect design and con- 
struction of roads and streets are load-supporting 
capacity and stability of the subgrade, and the work- 
ability and quantity of cut and fill material available. 
The AASHTO and Unified classifications of the soil 
material and also the shrink-swell potential, indicate 
traffic-supporting capacity. Wetness and flooding affect 
stability of the material. Slope, depth to hard rock, 
content of stones and rocks, and wetness affect the 
ease of excavation and the amount of cut and fill needed 
to reach and even grade. 

Road fill is soil material used in embankments for 
roads. The suitability ratings reflect the predicated 
performance of soil after it has been placed in an 
embankment that has been properly compacted and 
provided with adequate drainage, and the relative ease 
of excavating the material at borrow areas. 

Topsoil is used for topdressing an area where vege- 
tation is to be established and maintained. Suitability 
18 affected mainly by the ease of working and spreading 
the soil material, as in preparing a seedbed ; the natural 
fertility of the material, or its response to plants when 
fertilizer is applied; and the absence of substances toxic 
to plants. Texture of the soil material and its content 
of Stone fragments are characteristics that affect suit- 
ability. Also considered in the ratings is damage that 
will result in the area from which the topsoil is taken. 

Pond reservoirs hold water behind a dam or em- 
bankment. Soils suitable as pond reservoir areas have 
low seepage, which is related to their permeability and 
depth to fractured or permeable bedrock or other per- 
meable material. 

Embankments, dikes, and levees require soil material 
resistant to seepage and piping and of favorable sta- 
bility, shrink-swell potential, shear strength, and com- 
pactibility. Stones and organic material are among 
features that are unfavorable. 

Drainage for crops and pasture is affected by such 
properties as permeability, texture, and structure; 
depth to claypan, rock, or other layers that influence 
rate of water movement; depth to the water table; 


‘slope; stability in ditchbanks; susceptibility to stream 


overflow; salinity or alkalinity; and availability of 
outlets for drainage. 

Terraces and diversions are embankments, or ridges, 
constructed across the slope to intercept runoff so that 
it soaks into the soil or flows slowly to a prepared out- 
let. Features that affect suitability of a soil for terraces 
are uniformity and steepness of slope; depth to bed- 
rock or other unfavorable material; stones; perme- 


Mownrog County, TENNESSEE 99 


ability; and resistance to water erosion, soil slipping, 
and soil blowing. A soil suitable for these structures 
ECH outlets for runoff and is not difficult to vege- 
tate. 

None of the soils in Monroe County are considered 
to be a source of sand. 


Recreation 


Knowledge of soils is necessary in planning, develop- 
ing, and maintaining areas used for recreation. In 
table 10, the soils of Monroe County are rated accord- 
ing to limitations that affect their suitability for camp 
areas, playgrounds, picnic areas, and paths and trails. 

Limitations are expressed as slight, moderate, or 
severe. For all of these ratings, it is assumed that a 
good cover of vegetation can be established and main- 
tained. A limitation of slight means that soil properties 
are generally favorable and limitations are so minor 
that they easily can be overcome.. A moderate limitation 
Gan be overcome or modified by planning, by design, 
or by special maintenance. A severe limitation means 
that costly soil reclamation, special design, intense 
maintenance, or a combination of these is required. 

Camp areas are used intensively for tents and small 
camp trailers and the accompanying activities of out- 
door living. Little preparation of the site is required, 
other than shaping and leveling for tent and parking 
areas. Camp areas are subject to heavy foot traffic and 
limited vehicular traffic. The best soils have mild slopes, 
good drainage, a surface free of rocks and coarse 
fragments, no flooding during periods of heavy use, 
and a surface that is firm after rain but not dusty 
when dry. À 

Picnic areas are attractive natural or landscaped 
tracts that are subject to heavy foot traffic. Most of 
the vehicular traffic is confined to access roads. The 
best soils are firm when wet but not dusty when dry, 
are free from flooding during the season of use, do 
not have slopes or stones that greatly increase the 
cost of leveling sites or of building access roads. 

Playgrounds are areas used intensively for baseball, 
football, badminton, and similar organized games. Soils 
suitable for this use need to withstand intensive foot 
traffic. The best soils have a nearly level surface free 
of coarse fragments and rock outcrop, good drainage, 
no flooding during periods of heavy use, and a surface 
that is firm after rain but not dusty when dry. If 
grading and leveling are required, depth to rock is 
important. 

Paths and trails are used for local and cross-country 
travel by foot or horseback. Design and layout should 
require little or no cutting and filling. The best soils 
are at least moderately well drained, are firm when 
wet but not dusty when dry, are flooded no more than 
once during the season of use, have slopes of less than 
15 percent, and have few or no rocks or stones on 
the surface. 


Formation and Classification of Soils 


This part of the survey describes the major factors 
of soil formation, tells how these factors have affected 
the soils in Monroe County, and explains some of the 


principal processes in horizon development. It also de- 
fines the system for classifying soils and classifies the 
soils according to that system. 


Factors of Soil Formation 


Soil forms through the interaction of five major soil- 
forming factors—climate, plant and animal life, parent 
material, relief, and time. The relative influence of each 
factor varies from place to place. 

Climate and vegetation are the active factors that 
gradually change parent material into soil. Relief modi- 
fies the effect of climate and vegetation, mainly by its 
effect on runoff and temperature. The parent material 
also affects the kind of soil that forms. Time is needed 
for parent material to change into soil. 

In places one or two of these factors determine most 
of the local differences in soils. For example, in the 
valley of Monroe County parent material was the 
dominant influence in accounting for differences in the 
soils. In the mountains, the dominant factors were 
parent material, climate, and relief. 


Climate 


The climate of Monroe County is varied and is in- 
fluenced somewhat by the differences in relief. In the 
Great Valley part of the county, where the climate 
is humid temperate, summers are hot. In the moun- 
tainous areas, summers are cool. Temperatures at the 
higher elevations generally are 10? to 15? F lower 
than those in the valley. Annual precipitation in the 
higher mountains is generally 75 to 80 inches. 

In the Great Valley areas the average annual tem- 
perature is about 60", ranging from 40? in January 
to 78? in July. Extreme temperature readings of ap- 
proximately 100? in July and below 0? in January 
have been recorded. Normal annual precipitation is 
about 45 inches. The heavest rain occurs in late winter 
or early spring. À more complete discussion of the 
climate is given in the section "General Nature of the 
County." 

The cool climate of the mountainous area is not 
conducive to rapid soil formation. At the higher eleva- 
tions the soils remain frozen most of the winter. 
Leaching and soil development are limited during this 
period. Plant remains decompose slowly and the re- 
lease and movement of organic acid is reduced. The 
soils are darker as content of organic matter increases 
under these conditions. The formation and movement 
of clay is limited, and most soils are not high in clay. 
Most of the soils are either shallow or only moderately 
thick, except on foot slopes, concave slopes, and benches 
and along drainageways. 

Local differences in soils are caused by microrelief, 
slope, aspect, and drainage. On the steep south- and 
west-facing slopes annual and daily temperatures are 
higher, organic matter decays faster, and the freeze- 
thaw ratio is higher than on the north- and east-facing 
slopes. Because the freeze-thaw ratio is higher, there 
is more creep and erosion on the south- and west-facing 
slopes. Consequently, the soils are shallower, have more 
rock outcrop, and are less productive than the soils on 
the north- and east-facing slopes. 


TABLE 10.—Limitations for recreational development 


Soil series and map symbols Camp areas Picnic areas Playgrounds Paths and trails 
AaB. Moderate: slope... -| Slight. 
AaC, AcC3.. d be d SS . Severe: slope. .| Slight. 
AaD, AcD3 | Moderate: slope. Moderate: 81006... Severe: slope... .| Moderate: slope. 
-| Moderate: floods... Slight. 
ET Severe: slope Slight. 
-| Severe: slope... Severe: slope.... Moderate: slope. 
Altavista: As Severe: floods... Moderate: wetness; floods... Moderate: wetness; floods | Slight. 
Atkins: At... Severe: wetness; floods................ Severe: wetness; floods.............. Severe: wetness; floods .........-...---- Severe: wetness; floods. 
Beason: Ba. Moderate: wetness; floods.......... Moderate: wetness; floods.......... Moderate: wetness; Honds Moderate: wetness; floods. 
.--| Severe: slope Severe: Moderate: slope. 
.| Severe: slope .| Severe: 5 -| Severe: slope. 
| Severe: slope; rock outcrop........ Severe: slope; rock outcrop........ Severe: slope; rock outcrop........ Severe: slope; rock outerop. 
Severe: 810ቹ6............... ...... .....----------| Severe: slope. u... Severe: slope... Severe: slope. 
—.| Moderate: slope Moderate: slope... Severe: Slight. 
.| Severe: slope . Severe: slope...........-. Severe: Severe: slope. 
Cataska: CceF_.___.... ....---------- Severe: slope; rock outcrop... Severe: slope; rock outerop........ Severe: slope; rock outerop.....| Severe: slope; rock outerop. 
Chagrin: Og. Severe: floods... Moderate: floods... Moderate: floods... ‘Slight. 
Christian: 
ChC Slight. -| Severe: slope... Slight. 
ChD, CnD3... Severe: Severe: slope Moderate: slope. 


Cen: CHE Severe: long) Severe: slope; small stones  ) Severe: slope. 
Ve 2 geg 
DaD . Moderate:  slope................ Moderate: slope... Severe: slope; depth to rock Slight. 
Severe: slope...... -| Severe: slope...... Severe: slope; depth to rock. Severe: slope. 
Slight.... Moderate: Slight. 
-| Slight... -| Severe: Slight. 
.| Moderate: -| Severe: Moderate: slope. 
.| Moderate: Severe: Moderate: too clayey. 
.| Moderate: Severe: Moderate: slope. 
Slight... Moderate: SCH Slight. 
-| Slight.... Severe: slope... -| Slight. 
.| Moderate: Severe: slope.. --| Moderate: slope. 
` | Moderate: too clayey... -| Severe: slope. 4 Moderate: too clayey. 
Moderate: ; too clayey...... Moderate: slope; too clayey...... Severe: slope Moderate: slope; too clayey. 
Severe: slope. Severe: slope slope.. Moderate: slope. 
Severe: slope. -| Severe: slope... slope.. Severe: slope. 


001 


AGAMUS TIOS 


| Moderate: 
Moderate: 


Severe: 


Severe: 


-| Slight... 
Moderate: slope.. 


Moderate: 


Moderate: 
.| Moderate: 
Severe: 


Severe: 
outcrop. 


Greendale: Gr. Severe: 
Hamblen: Hà... Severe: 


Hartsells: Hen Moderate: 


Holston: HoC... --...-----------.---- 


Jefferson: 
JeC.. 


.| Severe: 
...| Severe: 
.| Severe: 


Moderate: 


-| Moderate: 
.| Severe: 
Severe: 
For Sequoia part of LY, see clayey. 


Sequoia series. 


Lobdell Ez ee Severe: 


slope; too clayey 
wetness; floods.............- 


slope; small stones 


slope; small stones... 


small stones; rock small stones; rock 


pe- 
slope; small stones 


slope; small stones. 
slope; small stones... 


slope; small stones... 


gullies; slope; too gullies; slope; too 


.| Moderate: 
Severe: 
Severe: 
Severe: 
Severe: 
Severe: 


Severe: 


Moderate: 


..-4 Moderate: 
.| Severe: 
.| Severe: 


...| Severe: 
.| Severe: 


Severe: 
Severe: 


Severe: 
Severe: 
Severe: 


Severe: 
small stones. 


Moderate: 
Moderate: 
Severe: 
Severe: 
Severe: 
..| Severe: 
.| Severe: 


..| Severe: 
.| Severe: 


„| Severe: 
.| Severe: 
Moderate: 


Severe: 


...| Severe: 
..| Severe: 
Severe: 
Severe: 
clayey. 


Moderate: floods 


pe 
slope; too clayey.. 


slope; small stones... 
Slope; small stones. 
slope; small stones 


slope; depth to rock; 


slope! small See 


slope; small stones 
slope; small stones 


slope; peres slowly... 


gullies; slope; too 


4 Slight. 

Slight. 

Moderate: slope. 

Severe: slope. 

Moderate: too clayey. 

| Moderate: slope; too clayey. 


Severe: wetness. 
Slight. 
Slight. 


Slight. 
-| Moderate: slope. 


-| Slight. 
| Severe: too clayey. 


Slight. 
Moderate: slope. 


-| Moderate: small stones. 
.| Moderate: small stones. 
Severe: slope. 


Moderate: rock outcrop; small 


stones. 


Slight. 
Slight. 
Slight. 


Slight. 


Slight. 


| Moderate: slope. 
.| Severe: slope. 
|| Moderate: ‘small stones; slope. 


Severe: slope. 


Moderate: slope. 
Severe: slope. 
Slight. 


Slight. 


Slight. 


.| Moderate: slope. 


Severe: slope. 
Severe: gullies; slope; too 
clayey. 


Slight. 


፳፲888:(3፲8፲ ‘ALNAOD TOUNO 


101 


TABLE 10.—Limitations for recreational development —Continued 2 
E 
Soil series and map symbols Picnic areas Playgrounds Paths and trails 
...| Slight.......... Moderate: slope. | Slight. 
.--ቲ4 Slight............. ..| Severe: slope.......... .| Slight. 
c perdi Severe: slope..............................| Severe: slope; depth to rock; Moderate: slope. 
small stones. 
Neubert: Ne ess GN e Slight. eo ንደ መመ ፡፡ ዓን el eene Slight. 
Newark: "Nk. : floods; #60665.-.--..--......... Moderate: wetness; floods... Moderate: wetness; floods... Moderate: wetness. 
pee መ... Moderate: ፳004ሌ..................------------|. Moderate: 80048.......................--------| Slight. 
(— OR Moderate: 8004...................-----1 Moderate: floods... Slight. 
floods; wetness._...........- Moderate: wetness; floods.......... Moderate: wetness; floods... Severe: wetness. 
slope; large stones._....... Severe: slope; large stones._....... Severe: slope; large stones Severe: slope; large stones. 
Severe: slope... Severe: slope; small stones........ Moderate: slope. 
Severe: slope... Severe: slope; small stones......| Severe: slope. 
Moderate: Roods... ...------------ Moderate: slope; floods... Slight. 
$ 
Moderate: peres slowly.............. .| Moderate: slope; peres slowly....| Slight. B 
.| Moderate: slope Et Severe: slope... Slight. m 
Severe: too clayey. Severe: too clayey... Severe: too clayey. = 
- 
= 
ré 


Slight. 
Moderate: slope. 


Severe: slope... 


Shouns: SnD.. Severe: slope... : nl Moderate: slope. 
Spivey: SpF ት ውር : slope; large stones._....... Severe: slope; large stones._....... Severe: slope; large stones........_. Severe: slope; large stones. 
Btaser: Ge ———— — ` floods... Moderate: floods... Moderate: floods... Slight. 
Statler: SE... uu. u. uuu uuu u. u a eh, Shght..... nl Moderate: slope... Slight. 
Steekee: DNF... : 810ቹ6............›-------------------| Severe: slope... : Sope ssec Severe: slope. 
Selen: SyF. sss 5 "alpes Severe: 810ኾ6......................------------| Severe: 810ኾ6........... . . ..... . ......--------- Severe: slope. 
Talbott: 
Slight. 
m too clayey... Severe: too clayey. 
—| Moderate: slope... | Moderate: slope, 
boris Severe: slope; rock outerop.....] Severe: .......-1 Severe: slope; rock outerop. 


Tellico: 

TeD 4 Severe: slope...... A Slight. 

TeE, TeF, ToE3 .| Severe: slope Severe: slope | Severe: slope. 
3. 


-| Moderate: yey Severe: slope; too d yey 
Severe: slope; too clayey; Severe: slope; too clayey; 
gullies. gullies. 


.| Moderate: too clayey. 
Severe: slope; too clayey; 
gullies. 


Dewey series. 


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MoNnok County, TENNESSEE 103 


The warm moist climate of the valley promotes rapid 
soil formation. The temperature encourages rapid 
chemical reaction. Large amounts of water move 
through the soil and remove dissolved or suspended 
material Plant remains decompose rapidly, and the 
organic acids have hastened the development of clay 
minerals and the removal of carbonates. Leaching 
and soil development continue all year because the 
soil is frozen for only short periods, and then to a 
depth of no more than 5 or 6 inches. 


Plant and animal life 


All living organisms are important to soil forma- 
tion, including vegetation, animals, bacteria, and fungi. 
The vegetation generally determines the amount of 
organic matter, the color of the surface layer, and the 
amount of nutrients. Animals, such as earthworms, 
cicada, and burrowing animals, keep the soil open and 
porous. Bacteria and fungi decompose the vegetation, 
thus releasing nutrients for plant food. In Monroe 
County, the native forests have had more influence on 
soil formation than any other living organism. ልቲ the 
higher elevations the vegetation approaches northern 
hardwoods. Through the mid elevations, forests consist 
of mixed mesophytic types. In the valley and at lower 
elevations, forests were mainly oak-hickory. Man, how- 
ever, has greatly influenced the surface layer where 
forests have been cleared and the land plowed. He has 
added fertilizers, mixed some of the soil horizons, and 
moved the soil material from place to place. 


Parent material 


Parent material is the unconsolidated mass from 
which the soils formed. It influences mineralogical and 
chemical composition of the soil and, to a large extent, 
the rate at which soil-forming processes take place. 

In Monroe County, soils formed in material derived 
from limestone, shale, sandstone, siltstone, phyllite, 
schist, and possibly granite. Colluvium, material moved 
by gravity, is an important parent material on foot 
slopes and on certain mountainsides. Alluvium, ma- 
terial moved by water, is a dominant parent material 
along most of the streams and on terraces where there 
are remnants of old flood plain deposits. Both colluvium 
and alluvium can contain minerals from several rock 
sources. Dunmore and Fullerton soils are examples of 
soils that formed, respectively, over acid and calcareous 
shale. The Staser and Transylvania soils on bottom 
land formed in alluvium from many sources. 


Relief 


Monroe County is in the Great Valley of East Ten- 
nessee and the mountainous Blue Ridge Province. Ap- 
proximately 56 percent of the county lies in the valley 
and 44 percent in the Unaka Mountains. A succession 
of parallel ridges and narrow intervening valleys ex- 
tends through the county in a southwest to northeast 
direction. Many different kinds of soils are in this 
ridge and valley landscape. 

The Great Valley rises from about 750 feet above 
sea level near the Little Tennessee River to more than 
1,250 feet on the higher ridgecaps. In places, there 
is as much as a 200- to 300-foot difference in elevation 


104 


in less than à mile. Upland slopes are gently sloping 
or sloping in the major part of the valley, but are 
moderately steep on side slopes in some areas. 

Within the mountainous area the elevation ranges 
from 1,000 feet east of Tellico to 5,000 feet near the 
North Carolina line. Differences in elevation are as 
much as 2,000 feet in less than a mile. The broader 
ridgecaps are sloping and moderately steep, and steep 
side slopes lead to narrow valleys below. 

The shape of the land surface, lay of the land, or 
relief has had great influence on the formation of the 
soils, particularly in the mountainous area. Indirectly, 
it affects the temperature and, in turn, plant life. Soils 
that formed on sloping topography where runoff is 
moderate to rapid generally are well drained; have 
a bright colored, unmottled subsoil; and in most places 
are leached to a greater depth than wetter soils in the 
same general area. Examples are Alcoa, Decatur, and 
Etowah soils in the valley and Fletcher, Shouns, and 
Shelocta soils in the mountains. In more gently sloping 
or nearly level areas where runoff is slower, the soils 
frequently show some evidence of wetness for short 
periods, such as mottling in the subsoil. Leadvale, 
Whitwell, Beason, and Altavista soils are examples. In 
level areas or slight depressions, where the water table 
is at or near the surface for long periods, the soils 
show evidence of wetness. They have a dark colored, 
thick surface layer and a strongly mottled or grayish 
subsoil. Hamblen, Philo, Newark, Atkins, and Purdy 
soils are examples. Also, the permeability of the ma- 
terial, as well as the length, steepness, and shape of 
the slopes, influence the kind of 801] that forms. 


Time 


Formation of the soils requires time for changes 
to take place in the parent material, ordinarily a long 
time. Differences in time that parent material has 
been in place are commonly reflected in the degree of 
horizon formation in the soils. 

Most of the soils in the valley are old and have well 
defined horizons. A few of the soils are young, in the 
mountains and along streams and drainageways in 
the valley. They have faint horizons. 

Neubert and Alcoa soils, for example, differ mainly 
because of differences in time. Neubert soils formed 
in alluvium, but lack strongly developed horizons ከ6- 
cause the material has been in place only a relatively 
short time. Alcoa soils, which are intermediate in 
age, have been in place long enough for stronger 
horizons to form. Their B horizon is redder and more 
clayey than the A horizon. The carbonates have 
leached out, and the soil is strongly acid in contrast 
with the slightly leached Neubert soils, which are 
slightly acid or medium acid. 


Classification of the Soils 


Classification consists of an orderly grouping of 
soils according to a system designed to make it easier 


SOIL SURVEY 


to remember soil characteristics and interrelationships. 
Classification is useful in organizing and applying the 
results of experience and research. Soils are placed 
in narrow classes for discussion in detailed soil sur- 
veys and for application of knowledge within farms 
and fields. The many thousands of narrow classes are 
then grouped into progressively fewer and broader 
classes in successively higher categories, so that in- 
formation can be applied to large geographic areas. 

Two systems of classifying soils have been used in 
the United States in recent years. The older system was 
adopted in 1988 and revised later (5). The system 
currently used by National Cooperative Soil Survey 
was developed in the early sixties and adopted in 
1965 (6) and is under continual study. 

The current system of classification has six cate- 
gories (4). Beginning with the most inclusive, these 
categories are the order, the suborder, the great group, 
the subgroup, the family, and the series. The criteria 
for classification are soil properties that are observable , 
or measurable, but the soil properties are selected so 
that soils of similar formation are grouped together. 
The placement of some soil series in the current system 
of classification, particularly in families, may change 
as more precise information becomes available. 

Table 11 shows the classification of each soil series 
in Monroe County by family, subgroup, and order ac- 
cording to the current system. Following are brief 
descriptions of each of the categories of the current 
system. 

Order.—Ten soil orders are recognized in the current 
system of classification. They are Alfisols, Aridisols, 
Entisols, Histosols, Inceptisols, Mollisols, Oxisols, 
Spodosols, Ultisols, and Vertisols. The properties used 
to differentiate the soil orders are those that tend to 
give broad climatic groupings of soils. Three excep- 
tions are Entisols, Histosols, and Inceptisols, which 
occur in many climates. Five soil orders are repre- 
sented in Monroe County. They are Alfisols, Entisols, 
Inceptisols, Mollisols, and Ultisols. 

Suborder.—Hach order is divided into suborders, 
based primarily on soil characteristics that produce 
classes having genetic similarity. A suborder has a 
narrower climatic range than an order. The criteria 
for suborders reflect either the presence or absence of 
waterlogging or soil differences resulting from climate 
or vegetation. 

Great group.—Each suborder is divided into great 
groups on the basis of uniformity in the kind and 
sequence of genetic horizons. 

Subgroup.—Each great group is divided into sub- 
groups, one representing the central (typic) concept 
of the great groups, and others, called intergrades, 
made up of soils that have mostly the properties of 
one great group but also one or more properties of 
another great group. 

Fomily—Familes are established within a sub- 
group, mainly on the basis of properties important to 
plant growth. Some of these properties are texture, 
mineralogy, reaction, soil temperature, permeability, 
consistence, and thickness of horizons. 


Monrog County, TENNESSEE 105 


TABLE 11.—Soil series classified by higher categories 


Series Family Subgroup Order 
Clayey, oxidie, thermic... ... Rhodic Paleudults... ...| Ultisols. 
.| Fine-loamy, mixed, mesic. -| Typie Hapludults .| Ultisols. 
.| Fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic. ..| Typic Paleudults. 4 Ultisols. 
| Fine-loamy, mixed, thermic..... ..| Aquic Hapludults... -| Ultisols. 
.| Fine-loamy, mixed, acid, mesic.. ..| Typic Fluvaquents. -| Entisols. 
4 Clayey, mixed, thermic. .| Aquic Hapludults... .| Ultisols. 
ee ..| Fine, mixed, mesic.......... ..| Typic Hapludalfs........ -| Alfisols. 
.| Coarse-loamy, mixed, mesic. .| Umbric Dystrochrepts.. .| Inceptisols. 
..| Loamy-skeletal, mixed, mesic. ..| Typie Dystrochrepts.. .| Inceptisols. 
| Loamy-skeletal, mixed, mesic, shallow ..| Typic Dystrochrepts.............- .| Inceptisols. 
Fine-loamy, mixed, mesic..... -| Dystric Fluventie Eutrochrepts .| Inceptisols. 
Clayey, kaolinitic, mesic.. ..| Typic Hapludults......... .| Ultisols. 
..| Fine-loamy, mixed, mesic..... ..| Typic Dystrochrepts..... -| Inceptisols. 
.| Clayey-skeletal, mixed, mesic. sal Lithie Ruptic-Alfic Eutrochrepts.. .| Inceptisols. 
..| Clayey, kaolinitic, thermic... -| Rhodic Paleudults.. .| Ultisols. 
-| Clayey, kaolinitic, thermic... ~| Typic Paleudults. .| Ultisols. 
..| Coarse-loamy, mixed, mesic. -| Typic Dystrochrepts. .| Ineeptisols. 
.| Clayey, kaolinitie, mesic... .| Typic Paleudults........... .| Ultisols. 
..| Fine, mixed, mesic............ .| Fluvaquentic Haplaquolls...... -| Mollisols. 
-| Fine-silty, siliceous, thermic .| Fluventie Umbric Dystrochrepts. .| Ineeptisols. 
.| Fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic -| Typic Paleudults........... .| Ultisols. 
..| Clayey, mixed, thermic..... -| Humic Hapludults. | Ultisols. 
.| Fine-silty, mixed, mesic... ..| Typie Hapludults... .| Ultisols. 
..| Clayey, kaolinitic, thermic... ..| Typic Paleudults. .| Ultisols. 
.| Clayey-skeletal, mixed, thermic. ..| Lithic Rendolls....... .| Mollisols. 
..| Fine-loamy, siliceous, mesic... ..| Fluventic Dystrochrepts.. ..| Inceptisols. 
Hamblen. ..| Fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic. ..| Fluvaquentic Eutrochrepts. ..| Inceptisols. 
Hartsells. ..| Fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic. ..| Typic Hapludults...... .| Ultisols. 
Holston... ..| Fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic. ..|. Typic Paleudults.... ..| Ultisols. 
Jefferson. .| Fine-loamy, siliceous, mesic. -| Typic Hapludults...... .| Ultisols. 
.| Coarse-loamy, mixed, mesic | Umbrie Dystrochrepts. .| Inceptisols. 
..| Fine-silty, siliceous, thermic... .| Typic Fragiudults..... ..| Ultisols. 
..| Fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic. ..| Typic Hapludults...... ..| Ultisols. 
ጋ | Loamy-skeletal, mixed, mesic. ..| Ruptie-Uitic Dystrochrep ..| Inceptisols. 
.| Fine-loamy, mixed, mesic... ..| Fluvaquentic Eutrochrepts -| Inceptisols. 
..| Fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic m -| Typic Paleudults........... -| Ultisols. 
4 Loamy-skeletal, mixed, thermic, shallow... ..| Typic Dystrochrepts. ..| Inceptisols. 
Fine-loamy, siliceous, nonacid, thermic.. ..| Typic Udifluvents.. .| Entisols. 
Fine-silty, mixed, nonacid, mesic..... ..| Aeric Fluvaquents..... .| Entisols. 
..| Coarse-loamy, mixed, mesic. ..| Fluvaquentie Dystrochrepts.. ..| Inceptisols. 
..| Coarse-loamy, mixed, mesic. .| Fluventic Dystrochrepts..... -| Inceptisols. 
.| Clayey, mixed, mesic....... Typic Ochraquults..... .| Ultisols. 
-| Loamy, siliceous, mesic... Lithie Dystrochrepts.... ..| Inceptisols. 
.| Loamy-skeletal, mixed, mesic 1 Ruptic-Ultie Dystrochrepts... ..| Inceptisols. 
..| Fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic ..| Humic Hapludults..... -| Ultisols. 
...| Clayey, mixed, mesic.......... ..| Typic Hapludults.. Ultisols. 
..| Fine-loamy, mixed, mesic.... ..| Typic Hapludults.. Ultisols. 
..| Fine-loamy, mixed, mesic.... ..| Typic Hapludults..... ..| Ultisols. 
..| Loamy-skeletal, mixed, mesic. ..| Typic Haplumbrepts ..| Inceptisols. 
...| Fine-loamy, mixed, thermic... .-1 Cumulic Hapludolls.. ..| Mollisols. 
..| Fine-loamy, mixed, thermic....... ..| Humic Hapludults........ ..| Ultisols. 
| Loamy, siliceous, thermic, shallow.. -| Ruptie-Ultie Dystrochrepts... ..| Inceptisols. 
Loamy-skeletal, mixed, mesic... 4 Typic Dystrochrepta.... ..| Inceptisols. 
Fine, mixed, thermic..... .-| Typic Hapludalfs....... .| Alfisols. 
...| Clayey, oxidic, thermic. ...| Typic Rhodudults..... ..| Ultisols. 
...| Fine-loamy, mixed, mes ..| Cumulic Haplumbrepts.. ...| Inceptisols. 
፡ 1 Loamy-skeletal, mixed, mesic... 4 Lithie Dystrochrepts ..| Inceptisols. 
AEN .| Loamy-skeletal, siliceous, mesic... ..| Typic Dystrochrepts ..| Inceptisols. 
Waynesboro. ...| Clayey, kaolinitic, thermio........ .| Typic Paleudults... Ultisols. 
White. Fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Aquic Hapludults..... .| Ultisols. 


The Minvale soils of Monroe County are taxadjuncts to the series. They are slightly less than 15 percent coarse fragments, but 
are otherwise within the range of the series. 


(2) AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS. 
Ref erences I 1974. METHOD FOR CLASSIFICATION OF SOILS FOR ENGINEER- 
ING PURPOSES. ASTM Stand. D. 2487-69. In 1974 
(1) AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF STATE HIGHWAY [AND TRANS- Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Part 19, 464 
PORTATION] OFFICIALS, pp., illus. 
1961. STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR HIGHWAY MATERIALS (3) FOSTER, AUSTIN P. 
AND METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING. Ed. 8, 1928. COUNTIES OF TENNESSEE. Tenn. Dept. of Education, 


2 vol., illus. Div. of History, 124 pp. 


106 


(4) SImonson, Roy W. 
1962. SOIL CLASSIFICATION IN THE UNITED STATES. Soil Sci. 
187: 1027-1034, illus. 
(5) THORP, JAMES AND SMITH, GUY D. 
1949. HIGHER CATEGORIES OF SOIL CLASSIFICATION : ORDER, 
SUBORDER, AND GREAT SOIL GROUP. Soil Sei. 67: 
117-126, illus. 
(6) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT ዕጅ AGRICULTURE. 
1960. SOIL CLASSIFICATION, A COMPREHENSIVE SYSTEM, 7TH 
APPROXIMATION. 265 pp., illus. [Supplements is- 
sued in March 1967 and September 1968] 
(7) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
1951. SOIL SURVEY MANUAL, U.S. Dep. Agric. Handb. 18, 
503 pp., illus. [Supplements replacing pp. 173-188 
issued May 1962] 


Glossary 


Aggregate, soil. Many fine particles held in a single mass or 
cluster. Natural soil aggregates, such 88 granules, blocks, 
or prisms, are called peds. Clods are aggregates produced by 
tillage or logging. 

Alluvium. Material, such as sand, silt, or clay, deposited on land 
by streams. 

Area reclaim. An area difficult to reclaim after the removal of 

' goil for construction and other uses. Revegetation and ero- 

sion control are extremely difficult. 

Association, soil. A group of soils geographically associated in 
8 characteristic repeating pattern and defined and delineated 
as a single mapping unit. 

Bedrock. The solid rock that underlies the soil and other uncon- 
solidated material or that is exposed at the surface. 

Chert. A structureless form of silica, closely related to flint, that 
breaks into angular fragments. Soils that develop from im- 
pure limestone containing fragments of chert and that have 
abundant quantities of these fragments in the soil mass are 
called cherty soils. 

Clay. As a soil separate, the mineral soil particles less than 0.002 
millimeter in diameter. As a soil textural class, soil mate- 
rial that 18 40 percent or more clay, less than 45 percent 
sand, and less than 40 percent silt. 

Colluvium. Soil material, rock fragments, or both moved by 
creep, slide, or local wash and deposited at the bases of 
steep slopes. 

Compressible. Excessive decrease in volume of soft soil under 
oad. 

Consistence, soil. The feel of the soil and the ease with which a 
lump can be crushed by the fingers. Terms commonly used 
to describe consistence are— 

Loose.—Noncoherent when dry or moist; does not hold to- 
gether in a mass. 

Friable.—When moist, crushes easily under gentle pressure 
between thumb and forefinger and can be pressed together 
into a lump. : 

Firm.—When moist, crushes under moderate pressure be- 
tween thumb and forefinger, but resistance is distinctly 
noticeable. 

Plastic.— When wet, readily deformed by moderate pressure 
but can be pressed into a lump; will form a “wire” when 
rolled between thumb and forefinger. 

Sticky.—When wet, adheres to other material and tends to 
Stretch somewhat and pull apart rather than to pull free 
from other material. 

Hard.—When dry, moderately resistant to pressure; can be 
broken with difficulty between thumb and forefinger. 

Soft.—When dry, breaks into powder or individual grains 
under very slight pressure. 

Cemented.—Hard; little affected by moistening. 

Creep, soil. Slow mass movement of soil and soil material down 
relatively steep slopes, primarily under the influence of 
gravity, but facilitated by saturation with water and by 
alternate freezing and thawing. 

Depth to rock. Bedrock at a depth that adversely affects the 
specified use. 

Eluviation. The movement of material in true solution or colloidal 


SOIL SURVEY 


suspension from one place to another within the soil. Soil 
horizons that have lost material through elluviation are 
eluvial; those that have received material are illuvial. 

Favorable. Favorable soil features for the specified use. 

First bottom. The normal flood plain of a stream, subject to 
frequent or occasional flooding. 

Flood plain. A nearly level alluvial plain that borders a stream 
and is subject to flooding unless protected artificially. 

Fragipan. A loamy, brittle subsurface horizon low in porosity 
and content of organic matter and low or moderate in clay 
but high in silt or very fine sand. A fragipan appears ce- 
mented and restricts roots. When dry, it is hard or very 
hard and has a higher bulk density than the horizon or 
horizons above. When moist, it tends to rupture suddenly 
under pressure rather than to deform slowly. 

Horizon, soil. A layer of soil, approximately parallel to the sur- 
face, having distinct characteristics, produced by soil-form- 
ing processes. The major horizons of mineral soil are as 
follows: X 

O horizon.—An organic layer, fresh and decaying plant resi- 
due, at the surface of a mineral soil. 

A horizon.—The mineral horizon, formed or forming at or 
near the surface, in which an accumulation of humified 
organic matter is mixed with the mineral material. Also, 
a plowed surface horizon most of which was originally 
part of a B horizon. 

A2 horizon.—A mineral horizon, mainly a residual concentra- 
tion of sand and silt high in content of resistant minerals 
as a result of the loss of silicate clay, iron, aluminum, or 
8 combination of these. 

B horizon,.— The mineral horizon below an A horizon. The B 
horizon is in part a layer of change from the overlying 
À to the underlying C horizon. The B horizon also has 
distinctive characteristics caused (1) by accumulation of 
clay, sesquioxides, humus, or 8 combination of these; (2) 
by prismatic or blocky structure; (3) by redder or brown- 
er colors than those in the A horizon; or (4) by a com- 
bination of these, The combined A and B horizons are 
generally called the solum, or true soil If 8 soil lacks 8 
B horizon, the A horizon alone is the solum. 

C horizon.— The mineral horizon or layer, excluding indurated 
bedrock, that is little affected by soil-forming processes 
and does not have the properties typical of the A or B 
horizon. The material of & C horizon may be either like 
or unlike that from which the solum is presumed to have 
formed. If the material is known to differ from that in 
the solum the Roman numeral II precedes the letter C. 

R Layer.—Consolidated rock: beneath the soil. The rock com- 

monly underlies 8 C horizon, but can be directly below 88 
A or a B horizon. 

Large stones. Rock fragments 10 inches (25 centimeters) or more 
across. Large stones adversely affect the specified use. 

Loess. Fine grained material, dominantly of silt-sized particles, 
deposited by wind. 

Low strength. Inadequate strength for supporting loads. 

Microclimate. The climate nature of the air space that extends 
from the surface to a height where the effects of the imme- 
diate character of the underlying surface no longer can be 
distinguished from the general local climate. 

Muneell notation. A designation of color by degrees of the three 
single variables—hue, value, and chroma. For example, a 
notation of 10YR 6/4 is a color of 10YR hue, value of 6, and 
chroma of 4. 

Parent material. The great variety of unconsolidated organic and 
mineral material in which soil forms. Consolidated bedrock 
is not yet parent material by this concept. 

Peres slowly. The slow movement of water through the soil 
adversely affecting the specified use. 

Permeability. The quality that enables the soil to transmit water 
or air, measured as the number of inches per hour that 
water moves through the soil. Terms describing permeabil- 
ity are very slow (less than 0.06 inch), slow (0.06 to 0.20) 
inch), moderately slow (0.2 to 0.6 inch), moderate (0.6 to 
2.0 inches), moderately rapid (2.0 to 6.0 inches), rapid (6.0 
to 20 inches), and very rapid (more than 20 inches). 

pH value. (See Reaction, soil). A numerical designation of 
acidity and alkalinity in soil. 


Monroe County, TENNESSEE 


Piping. Moving water forms subsurface tunnels or pipelike 
cavities in the soil. 

Profile, soil. A vertical section of the soil extending through 
all its horizons and into the parent material. 

Reaction, soil. The degree of acidity or alkalinity of a soil, 
expressed in pH values. A soil that tests to pH 7.0 is de- 
scribed as precisely neutral in reaction because it is neither 
acid nor alkaline. The degree of acidity or alkalinity is 
expressed as— 


pH pH 
Extremely acid  Beloe 4.5 Neutral —..........----- 6.6 to 7.3 
Very strongly acid 4.5 to 5.0 Mildly alkaline ..........7.4 to 7.8 
Strongly acid ....... 5.1 16 5.5 Moderately alkaline 7.9 to 8.4 
Medium acid .. 5. .0 Strongly alkaline ...8.5 to 9.0 
Slightly acid ......6.1t0 6.5 Very strongly 
alkaline ........... 9.1 and higher 


Relief. The elevations or inequalities of a land surface, con- 
sidered collectively. 

Residuum (residual soil material). Unconsolidated, weathered, 
or partly weathered mineral material that accumulates over 
disintegrating rock. 

Sand. As a soil separate, individual rock or mineral fragments 
from 0.05 millimeter to 2.0 millimeters in diameter. Most 
sand grains consist of quartz. As a soil textural class, a 
soil that is 85 percent or more sand and not more than 10 
percent clay. 

Second bottom. The first terrace above the normal flood plain 
of a stream. S 

Seepage. The rapid movement of water through the soil Seep- 
age adversely affects the specified use. 

Shrink-swell. The shrinking of soil when dry and the swelling 
when wet. Shrinking and swelling can damage roads, dams, 
building foundations, and other structures. It can also dam- 
age plant roots. 

Silt. As a soil separate, individual mineral particles that range 
in diameter from the upper limit of clay (0.002 millimeter) 
to the lower limit of very fine sand (0.05 millimeter). As a 
soil textural class, soil that is 80 percent or more silt and 
less than 12 percent clay. 

Small stones. Rock fragments 8 to 10 inches (7.5 to 25 centi- 
meters) in diameter. Small stones adversely affect the 
specified use. 

Soil. A natural, three-dimensional body at the earth's surface 


107 


that is capable of supporting plants and has properties re- 
sulting from the integrated effect of climate and living matter 
acting on earthy parent material, as conditioned by relief 
over periods of time. 

Solum. The upper part of a soil profile, above the C horizon, 
in which the processes of soil formation are active. The 
solum in mature soil consists of the A and B horizons. Gen- 
erally, the characteristies of the material in these horizons 
are unlike those of the underlying material. The living roots 
and other plant and animal life characteristies of the soil 
are largely confined to the solum. 

Structure, soil. The arrangement of primary soil particles into 
compound partieles or aggregates that are separated from 
adjoining aggregates. The principal forms of soil struc- 
ture are—platy (laminated), prismatie (vertical axis of 
aggregates longer than horizontal), columnar (prisms with 
rounded tops), blocky (angular or subangular), and granu- 
lar. Structureless soils are either single grained (each grain 
by itself, as in dune sand) or massive (the particles adher- 
ing without any regular cleavage, as in many hardpans). 

Subsoil. Technically, the B horizon; roughly, the part of the 
solum below plow depth. 

Substratum. The part of the soil below the solum. 

Surface soil. The soil ordinarily moved in tillage, or its equiva- 
lent in uncultivated soil, ranging in depth from 4 to 10 
inches (10 to 25 centimeters). Frequently designated as 
the “plow layer," or the “Ap horizon." 

Talus. Fragments of rock and other soil material accumulated 
by gravity at the foot of cliffs or steep slopes. 

Terrace (geologic). An old alluvial plain, ordinarily flat or undu- 
lating, bordering a river, a lake, or the sea. A stream ter- 
race is frequently called a second bottom, in contrast with 
a flood plain, and is seldom subject to overflow. A marine 
terrace, generally wide, was deposited by the sea. 

Texture, soil. The relative proportions of sand, silt, and clay 
particles in a mass of soil. The basic textural classes, in 
order of increasing proportion of fine particles, are sand, 
loamy sand, sandy loam, loam, silt, silt loam, sandy clay 
loam, clay loam, silty clay loam, sandy clay, silty clay, and 
clay. The sand, loamy sand, and sandy loam classes may be 
further divided by specifying “coarse,” “fine,” or “very fine.” 

Upland (geology). Land at a higher elevation, in general, than 
the alluvial plain or stream terrace; land above the low- 
lands along streams. 


à ሀይ. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1981 -223-758 /1042 


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employer. 


MONROE COUNTY, TENNESSEE NO. 1 


g agencies 


This map was compiled by U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service and cooperatin 


on 1975 orthophotography obtained from U.S. Department of the Interior, Geological Survey. 


MONROE COUNTY, TENNESSEE — SHEET NUMBER 1 


(Joins inset A, sheet 2) 


2 450 000 FEET 
m 


465 000 FEET 
. m3 


=í DdD3 


TaC2 (Joins ins 


55 000 FEET ‘(Joins sheet 2) 


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5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 D 5 000 Feet 


SeD2 Ha 


1 Ri 0 1 Kilometer 


Scale - 1:20000 


MONROE COUNTY, TENNESSEE — SHEET NUMBER 2 


(Joins inset B, sheet 30) 2515 000 FEET 


INSET A 
2.470 000 FEET 


470 000 FEET 


465 000 FEET 


LITPEE 00 


TENNESSEE 
RIVER 


(Joins sheet 9) 


425 000 FEET 
MONROE COUNTY, TENNESSEE NO. 2 


(Joins inset, sheet 10) 
1000 AND 3000-FOOT GRID TICKS 


- 
© 
This map was compiled by U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service and cooperating agencies 


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SHEET NUMBER 4 


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MONROE COUNTY, 


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1334 000 Ort 


2 555 000 FEET 


2565 000 FEET 


1250 AND 5000-FOOT GRID TICKS 


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4333 0S2 T tv 


5 000 Feet 


1 Kilometer 


SHEET NUMBER 5 


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(Joins sheet 8) 


MONROE COUNTY, 


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MONROE COUNTY, TENNESSEE — SHEET NUMBER 6 


(Joins sheet 3) ' Kä 0403 P DeC DeB 2 480 000 FEET Ne 
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435 000 FEET 


(Joins sheet 7) 


MONROE COUNTY, TENNESSEE NO. 6 


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(Joins sheet 12) 


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MONROE COUNTY, TENNESSEE — SHEET NUMBER 9 


Joins inset, sheet 5)| 2 560 000 FEET 
"59988: "J ፡ 7 


$ | E 
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(Joins sheet 36) 


317 000 FEET 


435 000 FEET 
315000 FEET | (Joins inset B, sheet 9) 


2 555 000 FEET 


on Service and cooperating agencies 


INSET B 
2560 000 FEET (Joins sheet 37) 


(Joins sheet 8) 


317 000 FEET 


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on 1975 orthophotography obtained from U.S. Department of the Interior, Geological Survey. 
(Joins inset A, sheet 9) 


This map was compiled by U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Con 


t2 


(Joins inset B, 


£ ë: 
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2 595 000 FEET 


425000 FEET 


2000 1000 0 5 000 Feet 


3 Kilometer 


0 
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1334 000 oz ፡ (LL 4394s suor) 


(Joins sheet 14) 


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1 Kilometer 


SHEET NUMBER 10 
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Scale - 1:20000 


MONROE COUNTY, 


4000 


| 
2 460 000 FEET 


2 604 000 FEET 


(Joins sheet 18) 
4000 AND 5000-FOOT GRID TICKS 


(Joins inset B, sheet 2) 


(£1 iess suror) | ሜው 


(z L መዛ፡ surop) 1334 000 01ነ 
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2 520 000 FEET 


(Joins sheet 15) 


5 000 Feet 


1 Kilometer 


SHEET NUMBER 11 


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MONROE COUNTY, 


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2 485 000 FEET 


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IT ‘ON 33SS3NN3.L 'A.LLNQOO 3OHNOIN 


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1334 000 OZ» (£1 መዛ surop) 


2 555 000 FEET 


1 Kilometer 


SHEET NUMBER 12 


1:20000 


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Scale - 


MONROE COUNTY, 


(Joins sheet 8) 
(Joins sheet 11) | 2 525 000 FEET 


(LL ጦፅቆዛ። suror) 1334 000 Oly 


MONROE COUNTY, TENNESSEE — SHEET NUMBER 


2 560 000 FEET (Joins sheet 9 


420 000 FEET 


(Joins inset, sheet 10) 


(Joins sheet 12) 


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= 


This map was compiled by U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service and cooperating agencies 


on 1975 orthophotography obtained from U.S. Department of the Interior, Geological Survey. 


410 000 FEET 


(Joins sheet 17) 2595 000 FEET 
4000 3000 2000 1000 0 5 000 Feet 


1 Kilometer 


0 
Scale - 1:20000 


vI ‘ON 33SS3NN31 ‘ALNNOD 3OHNOMW 


*AKOAANS 1831661095) '101491U| 9u JO ንህፀህዘ34ዩ]8ር] "en OI peure1qo Aude45010udouj40 ናረ6፲ uo 
5912ህ86፻ buije1edooo pue IIMS ህ6|138ለ485ህ0ጋ [IOS 'en3jnor46y jo 1ህ9ህ፤34869ር] 'S*n Aq periduoo sem dew 5144. 


1334 000 SO 


"` (doins sheet 19) 


LtD3 Ha | (Joins sheet 10) Sgc3 


1 Kilometer 


SHEET NUMBER 14 


ul 
ul 
2 
ጩጨ 
z 
z 
ul 
፦ 


COUNTY, 
Scale - 1:20000 


MONROE 


2 460 000 FEET 


(1 4204s suror) EPA 


í 


(Joins inset, sheet 19) 


2 445 000 FEET 


2 440 000 FEET 


1333 000 SSb 


MONROE COUNTY, TENNESSEE — SHEET NUMBER 15 


(Joins sheet 11) 


wá B 


Y 
A: = 
Kit S INN RL 
d Dep f^ 
e eege eege Tek 
Ki á / ዐጠር 


Ha [405 000 FEET 


(Joins sheet 16) 


(Joins sheet 14) 


wo 
Land 
° 
z 
m 
Lu 
uo 
o 
W 
z 
z 
Hl 
= 
> 
= 
z 
Ə 
° 
ርጋ 
ጩጨ 
° 
ፎ 
ሯ 
° 
= 


ም ኤክ T 


This map was compiled by U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service and cooperating agencies 


on 1975 orthophotography obtained from U.S. Department of the Interior, Geological Survey. 


የ903 (Joins sheet 20) DAE | 2 520 000 FEET 
3000 2000 


1 Kilometer 


0 
Scale - 1:20000 


9T ON 33SS3NN3L 'ልፈክበዐ3 3OHNOW 


*AOAANG Ie316oloə5 '101191U| Su) JO 1uaunjjedeg ‘S'N Woi peujejqo Audei5010udou340 ፍረ6፲ uo 
5912ህ868 Bujje1odooo pue ə3/A198S ህ613ዩ8ለ485ህ0ጋ [JOS 'e1njjn2146v/ JO ነህ9ህ፤34869ር] ‘S'N Aq padwo sem dew 5194. 


1334 000 Sop (41 42945 suror) 


2555 000 FEET 


5000 Feet 
1 Kilometer 


SHEET NUMBER 16 


0 
Scale - 1:20000 


ጩጨ] 
ሠ 
2 
"n 
z 
z 
HI 
፦ 


MONROE COUNTY, 


(Joins sheet 12) 
(Joins sheet 21) 


2525 000 FEET 


ey ` EL (50 
— i "x :742—] 
(SL 4eeus suo) 1334 000 56፪ 


(8 | #መዛ፡ surop) 1334 000 ee 


2595 000 FEET 


(Joins sheet 13) 


5 000 Feet 


4 Kilometer 


NUMBER 17 


SHEET 


o 

o 

o 

o 

| e 
En 

j 

2 

6 

o 


TENNESSEE 


MONROE COUNTY, 


2 560 000 FEET 


ሜና 
Li AEN 


154.000 80v (9 | ጦዛ፡ ወ 


“ABAANS |e2150j085 *101193U| OU} JO ነህ9(ህጌ4869ር] "em Wd) paujezqo Aydeibozoydoyuo ፍረ6፲ uo 
59|2ህ968ዩ 6ujje1edooo pue 93lA198S uo|1eA495U02 IOS '94በጌ|ከ21/6ህ jo quewyedsg eng pejduioo sem dew 5194. 


LT ‘ON 33SS3NN3L ‘ALNNOD SOUNOW 


81 ‘ON 33SS3NN3L1 ALNNOD J3OHNOIN 


*AOAANS 22150/0989 *101193U| BY} 40 1ህ9ህህጌ4869ር] "ST WO1 ሀፀ9ህ181ባ9 Aude15030udou1340 5ረ6፲ uo 
5812ህ968ዩ 6u!1e49doo2 pu? ə3/A49S ህ6[138ለ495ህ03ጋ IIOS 'enjin2t46 yy z0 3ህ9ህዘጌ፤፻69ር] en ዳባ periduroo sew dew 5191. 


1334 000 SOF 


1334 000 06E 


2 630 000 FEET 


2605 000 FEET 


5 000 Feet 


(zc r suiof) 1334000 5፪፪ 


1 Kilometer 


NUMBER 18 


SHEET 


TENNESSEE 


o 
o 
o 
o 
S 
Land 
, 
2 
ጩ 
o 
ሀነ 


COUNTY, 


MONROE 


2600000FEET (Joins inset) 


(ZL 4994s suror) 1333000566 


MONROE COUNTY, TENNESSEE — SHEET NUMBER 19 


(Joins inset, sheet 14) 2 460 000 FEET g (Joins sheet 14) 


390 000 FEET 


MONROE COUNTY, TENNESSEE NO. 19 
(Joins sheet 3) 
(Joins sheet 20) 


g 


Q E MAE L| S 


440 000 FEET 
380 000 FEET 


" 
s 
H 
£ 
5 
ወ 
o 
E 
2 
m" 
H 
o 
6 
o 
ቼ 
£ 
ወ 
° 
= 
> 
8 
ፎ 
5 
x 
s 
> 
> 
8 
ፎ 
6 
0 
H 
a 
° 
= 
። 
2 
o 
ፔ 
D 
< 
= 
5 
e 
£ 
° 
2 
E 
£ 
š 
° 
ወ 
[] 
3 
> 
a 
E 
2 
a 
E 
o 
o 
LA 
LJ 
2 
d 
- 
E 
— 


on 1975 orthophotography obtained from U.S. Department of the Interior, Geological Survey. 


ተ. ፦ለ/ Ii zl ncm. ሠ 
Ee 
; ol cs 
gl መኛ 
4 VS SC SN 
: Mi, AL 


2445 000 FEET - 
(Joins sheet 23) 2 480 000 FEET TeF 


(Joins inset A, sheet 34) 
5000 3000 2000 3000 0 5 000 Feet 


1 . 0 1 Kilometer 


Scale - 1:20000 


MONROE COUNTY, TENNESSEE — SHEET NUMBER 20 


2 520 000 FEET 
Ha LtC Ha (Joins sheet 15) g = 
ው መመ 


N 


LeB 5863 


390 000 FEET ጳርር3 


(Joins sheet 19) 


MONROE COUNTY. TENNESSEE NO. 20 


^ 
2 
o 
c 
° 
a 
ki 
o 
E 
z 
s 
š 
9 
6 
o 
s 
c 
ሟ 
° 
2 
> 
= 
o 
Kl 
c 
2 
z 
s 
> 
> 
5 
ፎ 
o 
o 
° 
a 
D 
2 
2 
z 
3 
o 
= 
o 
< 
D 
5 
- 
c 
o 
E 
t 
s 
a 
o 
a 
4 
2 
> 
ይ 
ጄ 
E 
9 
o 
^ 
s 
z 
a 
KL 
E 
2 
ድ 
፦ 


> 
° 
> 
š 
3 
a 
ጅ 
° 
° 
° 
o 
P 
6 
= 
o 
5 
ፎ 
o 
E 
= 
- 
6 
- 
E 
° 
E 
£ 
š 
° 
a 
4 
2 
E 
o 
2 
= 
s 
° 
£ 
s 
5 
a 
6 
> 
£ 
& 
s 
= 
Q 
6 
' 
5 
ድ 
a 
o 
£ 
E 
Ka 
Fe 
o 
m 
c 
S 


5000 5 000 Feet 


1 Kilometer 


0 
Scale - 1:20000 


(zz ጦሣ፡ surop) 1334000085 


2555 000 FEET 


(Joins sheet 25) 


5000 Feet 


1 Kilometer 


SHEET NUMBER 21 


o 
o 
o 
o 
N 

| o 
E 

D 
m 
KI 
o 


TENNESSEE 


MONROE COUNTY, 


2 525 000 FEET 


፣085 T 1334 000 06€ | ዩ0ሀ3 A (oz 1əəus surof) 


*Ke^ing 1831601695) '46|491ህ| 9ህ3 Lo zusu edad em WO.) peure3qo Audei503joudouj40 G/6T uo 
59|3ህ968 6ህ118491063 PUR 9214495 uoI19A495UO2 IIOS *e1njin2146y/ jo zuaw edad em Aq padwo sem dew 5194. 


IZ ‘ON 33SS3NN3L. ‘ALNNOD 3OHNOW 


CC "ON 33SS3NN3L ‘ALNNOD 3OHNOW 


"ለፀላ4ከፍ 1821661085) '101491U| 94} JO 3ueunedeg "em 9404) peure3qo Aude16010udou140 5ረ6፲ uo 
5912ህ969 6ህ138494003 pue 931ለ495 ህ6|38ለ485ህወ:ጋ IIOS '94ከነ[ከ2|6ነሃ jo 3ueunedeg 'S'N Aq periduioo sem dew 5191. 


1334 000 06፻ (8[ መዛ esu surop) 


2 595 000 FEET 


5 000 Feet 


1 Kilometer 


SHEET NUMBER 22 


20000 


0 


Lu 
m 
2 
Lu 
= 
= 
HI 
፦ 


Scale - 1 


MONROE COUNTY, 


(1 መዛ suror) 1333 000 08€ 


(pz ሥጫዛ፡ suiof) oe v 1334 000 59፪ 


(Joins inset) 12 480 000 FEET 


(Joins sheet 19) 


5 000 Feet 


4 Kilometer 


SHEET NUMBER 23 


0 
1:20000 


2 465 000 FEET 


Scale - 


ጩጨ] 
ul 
ሀ 
Lu 
z 
z 
HI 
፦ 


1334 000 SLE 


MONROE COUNTY, 


(Zz 199us #ሠሠዐ 


[2 380 000 FEET (Joins sheet 30) 


(Joins lower right) 


2475 000 FEET 


“ABAANS 1831601095) '101103U| eu) JO Wuauiigda "en WO1} peure3qo Audei5030udouj40 G/6T uo 
5913ህ968 6ህ138494003 PUL 931ለ48ፍ ህ6138ለ485ህ0ጋ IIOS '84ከ1ጌ|ኮ2146ህሃ jo 1ህ9ህህ148690] em Aq pəl!duuo2 sem dew stu. 


EZ “ON 33SS3NN3L 'ALNOQOO 3OHNOW 


MONROE COUNTY, TENNESSEE — SHEET NUMBER 24 


Joins sheet 20 
) DaF TcE DeC TaC2 ሀርር 2520 000 FEET 


T ONS a መገኛ” N (TY) (0c) RETE m S= / q 


R, 


375 000 FEET 


(Joins sheet 23) 


“ያ 
(Joins sheet 25) 


MONROE COUNTY, TENNESSEE NO. 24 


365 000 FEET 


This map was compiled by U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service and cooperating agencies 


on 1975 orthophotography obtained from U.S. Department of the Interior, Geological Survey. 


a 


\ P j 


Sr | 
2 
2 485 000 FEET 


1 000 


5 0 4 Kilometer 
Scale - 1:20000 


(9z መዛ፡ ሠወዐ 1334 000 9፪ 


2555 000 FEET 


(Joins sheet 21) 


(Joins sheet 28) 


5 000 Feet 


4 Kilometer 


SHEET NUMBER 25 


o 

= 

o 

° 

| ኳ 
ዳ 

' 

E 

"m 

o 

Ha 


TENNESSEE 


COUNTY, 


MONROE 


2525000 FEET 


፻ 


1334 000 SLE Q8 (pz joous zuer) 


*AOAANS 1831601695 *1014931U| 9ህ3 JO 1ህ99434869ር] "en Woas peure1qo Audei65030udouj40 SZ6T uo 
5912ህ968ዩ 6ujje1edooo2 pue ə3/A18S ህዐ|18ለ485ህ0ጋ IIOS '9፤በዝክጋህሀ6ህ 40 1ueuij1edeg "em Aq pejrduioo sem dew 51914. 


Sc ON 33SS3NN3L ‘ALNNOD JOUNOW 


95 ‘ON 33SS3NN3L ‘ALNNOD 3OHNOINN 


"ለፀለፅበፍ 1831661995) '1011091U| OY} 40 jueurjiedec “ፍ“ጠ WO1} peure1qo Aude15010udou140 G/6T uo 
5913ህ968 6ujje1edooo p IA49S ህወ1[39ለ485ህ0ጋ [90% '94ከ)31ከ21/6ህ jo 3ueunedeg 'S*n Aq pejjduios sem dew 5141. 


1334 000 SLE 


2 595 000 FEET 


1 Kilometer 


SHEET NUMBER 26 


WwW 
Lu 
ሀ 
Lu 
z 
z 
HI 
= 


Scale - 1:20000 


COUNTY, 
(Joins sheet 22) 


MONROE 


2 560 000 FEET 


($Z Joss surop) ውጫ 1334 000 9፪ 


(8z መዛ “።ዐ 1334 000 05€ 


2 520 000 FEET 


Joins sheet 24) 


“(Joins sheet 31) 


1 Kilometer 


Scale - 1:20000 


n. 
N 
ፎ 
ul 
a 
= 
2 
z 
= 
Lu 
Lu 
= 
o 
| 
lu 
2 
LJ 
= 
z 
Lu 
፦ 


MONROE COUNTY, 


Dat ShD| 2 485 000 FEET 


“| <=. ፤ f" I 
1334 000 09£ EZ መዛ asus surop) 


*AOAINS |82150|08 5 *101191U| BY} JO zua Lda "em WOI peure1qo Audei50j0udoud40 G/6T uo 
so|»uebe 6ህ118481003 pue 831ለ48ፍ5 UuOI]8^195UO2 IIOS 'a1n3ijn2146yy jo zuaw edad `S በ Aq pejrduiroo sem dew 5141. 


LZ "ON 33SS3NN3L 'ALNOQOO 3OHNOIW 


SC “ON 33SS3NN3L 'ALNNOD 3OHNOIN 


"Ke^ins [821601095 '101191U| 9U} JO ነህፀህዘን፤ዩ]8ርገ "en WO1 paujezqo Audej50j0udou340 SLET uo 
5913ህ869ዩ Bujje10doo2 pue 982JAJ8S ህዕ|ኔዩክለ4858ህ093ጋ [IOS 'e1n3jn2146 yy )O 3ueuj4edec 'S*n Aq periduoo sem dew 5194 


1334 000 09€ 
Se ie 
o | 

de? 
EN) š 


2555 000 FEET 


5 000 Feet 


1 Kilometer 


SHEET NUMBER 28 


0 
1:20000 


ul 
uJ 
o 
o 
ul 
z 
= 
ul 
pus 


Scale - 


MONROE COUNTY, 


(Joins sheet 25) 
(Joins sheet 32) 


2 525 000 FEET 


1334 000 OSE 


2595 000 FEET 


5 000 Feet 


1 Kilometer 


SHEET NUMBER 29 


Lu 
Lu 
2 
Lu 
p 
z 
Lu 
፦ 


(Joins sheet 26) 


MONROE COUNTY, 


(Joins sheet 33) 


2 560 000 FEET 


e f 


EES | (92 ess suror) 


"ለፀለ4በ5 1831601095) *101193U| Su) JO ነህ99434869ር] "en Woz paujezqo ደህ]ዩ466309490ህ140 ናረ6፲ uo 
5912ህ969 6ህ118494603 pue 931ለ፣8ፍ ህ6138ለ495ህ03ጋ IIOS '84በ1(ከ21/6ህ jo 3ህ9ሀህ14809ር] em Aq pejiduiroo sem dew 5194 


62 ON 33SS3NN31 ‘ALNNOD JOUNOW 


MONROE COUNTY, TENNESSEE — SHEET NUMBER 30 


2480000FEET (Joins inset sheet 23) 


INSET ል 


(Joins sheet 38) 2510 000 FEET 


345 000 FEET 


30 1000 FEET 


2495 000 FEET 
1000 AND 5000-FOOT GRID TICKS 


INSET B 


470 000 FEET 


469000 FEET 
(Joins sheet 31) 


(Joins sheet 2) 


1000 AND 5000-FOOT GRID TICKS 


from U.S. Department of the Interior, Geological Survey. 


o 
ቦን 
2 
z 
H 
uj 
Ka 
u 
uj 
z 
e 
ጩጨ 
= 
> 
= 
z 
Ee | 
o 
o 
u 
° 
a 
z 
o 
z 


U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service and cooperating agencies 


335 000 FEET 
on 1975 orthophotography obtained 


This map was compiled by 


2 450 000 FEET (Joins sheet 34) 
4000 3000 2000 1000 o 5 000 Feet 


Leer 


1 D 0 1 Kilometer 
Scale - 1:20000 


(ZE ጦ*ፅዛ፡ zuer) 1334 000 see 


DNE 


2520 000 FEET 


(Joins sheet 27) 


5 000 Feet 


1 Kilometer 


SHEET NUMBER 31 


o 

o 

o 

o 

| D. 
Lan] 

s 

m 

o 

ሆነ 


TENNESSEE 


MONROE COUNTY, 


2 485 000 FEET 


1334 000 SPE V (0£ 4904s surop) 


*AOAANS 1821661695) '461491ህ| 94} JO ንህፀህቨን፤486]9ር] "En WOI peule1qo KAudei6ol1oudoul1i1o G/6T uo 
səl5uə6e 6ujje1edooo2 pue ፀ31ለ498ፍ ህዐዕ[ነ18ለ485ህ0ጋ IIOS 'e1n3jn2146 yy jo 3ህ9ህ፤134809ር] 'S `n Aq ይ9[19ህ4063 sem dew 5194. 


I£ ‘ON 33SS3NN3L 'ልፈክበዕጋ3 3OHNOIN 


Z£ “ON 33SS3NN3L ‘ALNNOD 30HNOW 


*KOAANS 1831601695) '101491U| 94} JO JUBWIJIedeG "en WO4 ፀ9ህ18149 AydesBoyoydoyyo 5ረ6፲ uo 
səl9uə6e 6ህ1184984002 pue 821ለ49ኗ ህ0|ጌ3ዩለ485ህ6ጋ IIOS ‘any nuy Jo 1ህ9(ህ14509ር] ‘S'N Aq Pajidwos sem dew 5194. 


1334 000 SpE 


2555 000 FEET 


1 Kilometer 


SHEET NUMBER 32 


| 
uJ 
2) 
uJ 
z 
= 
LI 
፦ 


Scale - 1:20000 


MONROE COUNTY, 


(Joins sheet 28) 
(Joins sheet 36) SyF 


2525000 FEET 


1 £ ጦፅዓዛ፡ susor) 1334 000 See 


4334 000 SEE 
hes ha 


2 595 000 FEET 


SHEET NUMBER 33 


20000 


Scale - 1 


Lu 
uJ 
2 
Lu 
z 
z 
HI 
፦ 


MONROE COUNTY, 


(Joins sheet 37) 


2 560 000 FEET 


^ x 1 ` ነ . 4 
1334 000 ፻፪ ZE 1e9us set, 


"ፈፀለ4ክፍ 1831661695) '461491ህ1 OY} jO 3ህ9ህህጌ4869ር] en OI paujezqo Aydesboyoyudoyyo G/6T uo 
5912ህ968 6ህ138498663 pue 931ላ49ፍ5 ህ6138ለ495ህ0ጋ [05 '94ከ1[ካጋህ6ህሃ jo zuaw edad em Aq ፁ9119(ህ03 sem dew 5194. 


EC "ON 33SS3NN31 ‘ALNNOD 3OHNOW 


ve ‘ON 33553ክአክ34 'ልፈክበ03 3OHNOMW 


*Ke^uns |e2160j095 '101191U| 9U} Lo 3ህፀሀዘን፤4ዩ]ፀርገ ‘S'N WO’ ጾ9ህ18190 Aude165010udou140 G/6T uo 
5912ህ869 Burje1edooo pue 831ለ495 uOIjPAJ05UO) IIOS "9ዘገን|ከ21/6' Lo 3uourjjedeg en Aq periduio2 sem dew siu. 


1334 000 0ዩ፻ (c£ ጦ9ዛ፡ surop) 


2 485 000 FEET 


FhD (Joins inset B) FhD 


5000 Feet 


1 Kilometer 


NUMBER 34 
(Joins sheet 30) 


SHEET 


ul 
ul 
A 
m 
z 
= 
HI 
፦ 


Scale - 1:20000 


MONROE COUNTY, 


1334000 91€ (BE #ፁ»ዛ* auer) 


2 485 000 FEET 


(Joins lower right) 


3000 AND 5000-FOOT GRID TICKS 


1334000 9£v|. (9 ዞ9ዛ* suror) 


= 
S 


E 
E 
t 


2 450 000 FEET 


(Joins inset,sheet 19) 


1000 AND 3000-FOOT GRID TICKS 


1334 000 EE 


1334000 0፪፪ 


1334 000 02፻ aus 


2 520 000 FEET 


(Joins sheet 31) 


5000 Feet 


1 Kilometer 


SHEET NUMBER 35 


= 
o 
o 
° 
N 
- 
S 

m 

o 
ሆነ 


TENNESSEE 
(Joins sheet 38) 


MONROE COUNTY, 


2 485 000 FEET 


*AOAINS |e52150j098 5) *10119]U| OY} zO zua eda ‘S'N uio4j peure1qo Audei6010udou140 G/6T uo 
$s9|»uo5e 5ujje1edooo» pue 831ለ495 ህ6|3ዩ8ለ495ህ6ጋ IIOS '94ኤ)11ክ3./65ህ jo 3ueurj4edag em Aq pejiduroo sem dew 5191. 


S£ “ON 33SS3NN3L ‘ALNNOD 3OHNOIW 


MONROE COUNTY, TENNESSEE — SHEET NUMBER 36 


(Joins sheet 32) 2 555000 FEET 


Eeer 


330 000 FEET 


፪ 
| 
፤ 


(Joins sheet 35) 
This map was compiled by U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service and cooperating agencies 
MONROE COUNTY, TENNESSEE NO. 36 


on 1975 orthophotography obtained from U.S. Department of the Interior, Geological Survey. 


320 000 FEET 


2525 000 FEET Rer " (Joins inset A, sheet 9) 
4000 3000 2000 1000 0 5 000 Feet 


1 1 Kilometer 


0 
Scale - 1:20000 


1334 000 02€ 


2595 000 FEET 


1 Kilometer 


SHEET NUMBER 37 


° 
° 
° 
° 
Q 
l “~ 
e 
"m 
o 
x 


TENNESSEE 


MONROE COUNTY, 


(Joins sheet 33) 


(Joins inset B, sheet 9) 


2 560 000 FEET 


1334 000 DEE (9፪ ሠ»ዛ፡ suor, 


"ፈፀለፅበፍ 1831661695) *101491U| OY} JO 1ህ9ሀህ14869ር] en 96464) paujezqo Audei60joudoud0 ናረ6፲ uo 
5912ህ968 6ህ[18494003 pue 921ላ495 ህ01ጌ9ለ485ህ0ጋ ዘ0% *e1n3jn2146yy jo 1ህ99ህ14869ር3 em Aq perrduioo sem dew 5194. 


LE “ON 33SS3NN3L ‘ALNNOD 3OHNOMW 


MONROE COUNTY, TENNESSEE — SHEET NUMBER 38 


(Joins sheet 35) 5ከር 2520 000 FEET 
im. ር. 7 ME Ç ; 


315000 FEET 


(Joins inset B, sheet 34) 


MONROE COUNTY, TENNESSEE NO. 38 


305 000 FEET 


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2 490 000 FEET T a i (Joins inset A, sheet 30) 
4000 3000 2000 1000 5000 Feet 


eee 


1 5 0 1 Kilometer 
Scale - 1:20000